Ocean acidity is rising due to increasing carbon dioxide levels, posing a threat to marine life such as corals and shellfish. The study suggests that future changes in ocean acidification are largely independent of climate change.
Dr. John A. Martignetti received a $6.1 million grant to investigate the potential therapeutic role of siRNA in metastatic prostate cancer. The award aims to improve survival and reduce side effects and death for men with advanced prostate cancer.
A new study found that lung-derived mesenchymal stem cells reside in transplanted lungs, challenging the assumption that they originate from bone marrow. These cells have been shown to differentiate into multiple connective tissue cell types and may hold the key to understanding therapeutic options using MSCs that reside in adult organs.
A new understanding of plant calcium management could lead to genetically engineering plants to resist acid rain's damage. Plants use molecular sensors to detect and regulate calcium levels, which is crucial for structural rigidity and growth.
A large Canadian study found that patients admitted to hospitals on weekends had a 14% higher risk of dying within seven days compared to those admitted during the week. The 'weekend effect' was more pronounced in rural hospitals and among general practitioners.
A group of European researchers developed a spinal cord model and implemented it in an amphibious salamander-like robot. The robot changes its speed and gait in response to simple electrical signals, suggesting that the distributed neural system in the spinal cord holds the key to vertebrates' complex locomotor capabilities.
A new coaching intervention, known as the Mastery Approach to Coaching, was found to reduce sport anxiety and improve personal achievement goals in young athletes. The program, which emphasizes effort and supporting teammates over winning at all costs, also showed positive effects on academic motivation.
The researchers created an inexpensive method to screen for millions of different biomolecules using tiny customizable particles. The technology has the potential to make possible the development of low-cost clinical bedside diagnostics and could be used for disease monitoring, drug discovery, or genetic profiling.
Researchers at OHSU discovered a gene cluster in a marine bacterium that produces a bioactive molecule with anti-cancer properties, including activity against pancreatic and renal cancer. The team aims to engineer the production of bryostatins, promising compounds for cancer treatment.
Researchers found that people with a specific variation of the PERIOD3 gene, which regulates morning and evening activity levels, experience poor attention and working memory during early morning hours when kept awake. Those with this gene variant spend more time in slow-wave sleep when allowed to sleep normally.
A study published in Cell Press found that the p53 gene, known for preventing cancer, also regulates the suntan response. The researchers discovered that p53 activates the tanning machinery, protecting against sunburns. The findings may lead to new products that produce a tan safely without UV radiation exposure.
Researchers found two basic categories of cells: those that stay the same size but have drastically different energy needs based on mammal size, or cells that grow larger in larger mammals. This discovery sheds light on how organism size affects cell life span and function.
Researchers found that more than half of primitive organisms have acquired genes through horizontal gene transfer, while only a few eukaryotes have done so. Two species of bacteria were also found to share large groups of genes, allowing them to adapt to their environment more quickly.
Researchers found that flies' primitive immune systems can adapt and retain memory of an earlier infection, contradicting the long-held dogma. This discovery raises possibilities for developing human vaccines, especially for people with compromised immune systems.
A University of Georgia study reveals high levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in chickens raised on antibiotic-free farms and lab conditions. The resistances don't come from antibiotic use, suggesting that banning farm use won't help, but may require new management practices to reduce the risk of human illness.
A recent analysis found that Americans in their early to mid-50s report poorer health, more pain, and trouble with everyday physical tasks compared to older peers. This trend raises questions about whether today's pre-retirees could reach retirement age in worse shape than their predecessors.
A new scientific paper reviews 60 years of research on the impact of ocean carbon dioxide, warning of widespread species extinction, coral dissolution, and damage to natural food webs. The study suggests that doubling gas mileage in the US could help ameliorate existing damage.
A Johns Hopkins University undergraduate found that Ethiopian mothers' beliefs about diarrhea can lead to inappropriate treatment for their children's life-threatening condition. The study aimed to educate mothers so they can prevent and manage diarrheal diseases in their children.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered previously unsuspected mutations in genes that control B-cell differentiation, contributing to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study suggests novel methods for treating pediatric ALL and provides a roadmap for identifying unsuspected mutations in adult cancers.
Researchers have produced a high-resolution map of Antarctica, offering 10 times greater detail than previously possible. The map allows for zooming in on specific regions, including dry valleys, and provides clear views of the ice sheet's surface.
A new study suggests that shopping lists promote impulsive decisions, as recalling available options consumes mental energy. Consumers tend to opt for lower-priced items when memory-based decisions are involved, whereas higher-priced goods with perceived quality are chosen when options are in sight.
A new survey found that people's emotional reactions to nanotechnology play a major role in their perception of its risks and benefits, with individuals' values determining their reaction to information about the technology. The study suggests that government, business, and educators must take a proactive approach to public engagement ...
A team of scientists observed the speeding up of an asteroid's rotation, showing it is due to the heating of its surface by the Sun. The YORP effect, a theoretical prediction, was directly detected in action on a small near-Earth asteroid.
The World Wildlife Fund report reveals a significant growth in farmed salmon, leading to decreased wild salmon supply and economic impacts on fishermen. The study recommends harmonizing regulatory food safety standards and providing accurate information about salmon issues.
Cornell astronomers have confirmed that solar radiation and an asteroid's shape determine its rotation rate, a phenomenon known as the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack Effect. This effect can help explain the formation of binary asteroids by creating strong centrifugal forces.
A University of Florida study found that abandoning net neutrality discourages internet service improvements, with broadband providers collecting fees from content providers. The study suggests that consumers who pay for preferential treatment will have faster loading times, while those who don't may experience slower speeds.
Research suggests that superfluous choices at early stages of purchase can lead to increased customer satisfaction, as consumers perceive greater deliberation and fluency in decision-making. This results in higher repeat business rates and brand loyalty.
A team of researchers is exploring how polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) affect fat storage and production in laboratory rats. Preliminary data suggests that chronic exposure to PBDEs may cause insulin resistance, a precursor to Type II diabetes.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have identified a specific protein transport process involved in a rare form of early blindness, known as choroideremia. The study suggests that therapies targeting the neighboring retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may rescue photoreceptor loss and even reverse the disease.
Researchers at Salk Institute find epidermis controls plant growth signals, allowing them to manipulate growth pathways. Dwarf Arabidopsis plants that lack BRI1 receptor expression are made larger by driving its expression in the outer layer.
Brookhaven researchers have learned how to grow better samples of LBCO, allowing for extensive studies on its properties. The study reveals that the high-temperature superconductor has distinct insulating-like properties and a characteristic energy gap.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have identified a bacterium that can dechlorinate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in situ, eliminating the need for dredging. The Dehalococcoides bacteria thrive on PCBs, replacing chlorines with hydrogen to initiate degradation.
Researchers found that high long-chain omega-3 intake is associated with increased grey matter volume in areas of the brain related to emotional arousal and regulation. This study suggests that omega-3s may promote structural improvements in brain regions linked to mood disorders.
A new study from the University of Chicago Press Journals reveals that we tend to pay more attention to disappointment than to positive experiences. The researchers found that when consumers feel better than expected, they take it for granted and don't evaluate their experience as well.
Plant researchers Sigal Savaldi-Goldstein and Joanne Chory have uncovered the mechanism behind plant growth, showing that the epidermis is the driving force behind cell expansion. The study, published in Nature, reveals a previously unknown mode of communication between shoot tissues.
The current US child health system is a patchwork of disconnected programs and lacks clear accountability or performance goals. The authors argue that the system fails to produce desired health outcomes due to outdated logic and finance strategies.
Astronomers have observed Z Cam binary system exhibiting a massive shell of gas and dust surrounding the white dwarf, indicating a classical nova explosion. The discovery supports a 20-year-old theory suggesting double-star systems cycle between blast types.
A team of researchers has identified more than 70 markers unique to ovarian tumor blood vessels, which could lead to new screening and treatment tools. The finding suggests that these markers may be a sign of an aggressive tumor and could help inform treatment decisions.
Scientists return to Cenote Zacatón to resume tests of the NASA-funded robot DEPTHX, designed to survey and explore for life in one of Earth's most extreme regions. The probe may hold clues to life in outer space and on Earth's ice-bound polar lakes.
Most individuals with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) express CDX2, a protein regulating HOX family genes. Reducing CDX2 levels decreases AML cell proliferation, supporting its causal role in leukemogenesis.
A study published in the Journal of Consumer Research found that individuals who exercise self-control by dieting or resisting thoughts are more prone to making impulse purchases. This is because their self-regulatory resources can be depleted, leading to increased spending on tempting items.
A team of international researchers has found an asteroid whose rotation speed increases due to re-radiation of solar energy from its surface. The study confirms that non-gravitational forces play a crucial role in asteroid evolution and could potentially affect asteroid collisions with Earth.
A recent study from Journal of Consumer Research found that people who bought unexpected items felt happy and a little guilty, while those who resisted the impulse purchase felt proud. Marketers can use this knowledge to create more effective advertising strategies by understanding consumers' emotions after recent purchases.
A University of Michigan study suggests that economic methods undervalue childhood interventions, despite evidence showing higher value placed on health gains for children and adolescents. The research recommends adjusting economic formulae to better reflect societal values, prioritizing early childhood intervention.
A recent study found female athletes tend to land from a jump with a more flexed ankle and experience greater knee abduction and internal rotation compared to male athletes. This increased risk of non-contact ACL injury during landing may be explained by differences in joint motion and loads between women and men when fatigued.
A University of Florida study reveals that humans acquired pubic lice from gorillas around 3.3 million years ago, providing insights into human evolution and the history of parasites. The research suggests that lice can be transmitted through non-sexual means, such as sleeping in close proximity or feeding on prey.
A study by Akiko Matsumoto-Oda found that female chimpanzees do not synchronize their reproductive activities, reducing opportunities for less-desirable males to coerce them into mating. This strategy allows females to mate with higher-ranking males who possess desirable social and physical characteristics.
Many dinosaurs had small genomes, with a clear dichotomy between theropod and ornithischian lineages. The researchers found that theropod genomes were smaller than expected, with an average of 8.4% repetitive DNA.
The study reveals that driver mutations are fewer than previously thought, but still outnumber passenger mutations. The researchers identified possible driver mutations in 120 genes, most of which had not been seen before.
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered genes in wheat that neutralize toxic compounds produced by the Hessian fly larvae, making them vulnerable to attack. The study provides insight into the biochemical mechanisms involved in insect-plant interactions and may lead to novel strategies for enhancing wheat resistance.
A new study at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center demonstrates the effectiveness of PET imaging in identifying clear cell renal carcinoma, a highly aggressive type of kidney cancer. The technique has a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100%, making it a valuable tool for determining whether surgery is needed.
Researchers at the University of Iowa have developed genetic tests that may help identify individuals at risk of substance abuse and behavioral disorders. The study found differences in gene expression between people with a history of smoking and those without, suggesting potential blood tests for identifying risk factors.
Researchers at the Salk Institute found that knocking out the urocortin 3 gene protects mice against high-fat diet's harmful effects by reducing insulin production. This study suggests a new peptide plays a role in insulin secretion, offering potential therapeutic benefits for treating type 2 diabetes.
The article highlights the importance of healthcare workers in encouraging lifestyle changes to control heart disease risk factors such as smoking, high cholesterol, and obesity. The journal's mission is to address both medical and lifestyle aspects of disease management.
A national study will enroll 1,124 participants to investigate implanting a pacemaker in low-heart rate, heart-attack patients to improve survival rates and determine the frequency of low heart rates in these patients. The five-year study aims to explore the effectiveness of beta-blocker therapy for this specific patient group.
Researchers have created the first 3D visualization of a complete eukaryotic cell at high resolution, enabling them to investigate its structural details. The study reveals new insights into microtubule dynamics and their interactions with other cellular structures.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a digital holographic imaging system that uses laser light to observe the effects of an anticancer drug on living tissue. The system detects changes in organelle motion within cancer cells, resulting in reduced shimmer and improved diagnostic capabilities.
Kirsten E. Nicholson's four-year study of Caribbean anoles found no support for ecomorph convergence theory, which suggests that species in similar habitats develop similar characteristics. Her research also found little correlation between co-existent anole species and differing dewlap configurations.
A new study suggests daily consumption of a Mars Inc. flavanol-rich cocoa drink can improve and sustain blood vessel function, reversing impairments similar to long-term drug therapy with statins. The flavanol-rich cocoa appears to have independent effects on blood vessels, unrelated to antioxidant actions.
Denmark's researchers claim anesthetics are based on sound pulses rather than electrical impulses. The membrane of the nerve is similar to olive oil and can change state with temperature, allowing concentrated sound pulses to propagate without heat.