The European land leech Xerobdella lecomtei has become virtually extinct due to human-induced temperature increases in Austria over a 40-year period. The researchers found that rising temperatures led to a drastic reduction in soil moisture, making it difficult for the leech to survive.
Research published in Critical Care found that mobile phones can cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) on critical care equipment such as ventilators and pacemakers. The study recorded almost 50 EMI incidents, with the second generation GPRS signal causing the highest number of incidents at over 60%.
A recent study by the University of Warwick found that doctors' genders can impact the early detection of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. The researchers discovered that female doctors were more likely to consider psychological explanations for women's health problems and paid attention to presentation style, potentially diverti...
Researchers find that mis-regulated immune systems can establish reproductive barriers in plants, leading to hybrid necrosis. This phenomenon challenges the classical definition of a species and suggests that speciation may be a gradual process.
The Simons Simplex Collection will be a core resource for researching sporadic genetic mutations in autism. Researchers will analyze DNA samples from 2,000 families with one autistic child to understand the underlying causes of autism.
Scientists have discovered a new mechanism by which insulin-secreting cells regulate KATP channels, allowing for timely energy supply and storage of blood sugar. This discovery sheds light on how the human body maintains normal blood glucose levels and prevents diabetes.
The study reveals that the brain encodes visual information with extreme precision, necessary to represent the slowly changing visual world. The researchers found that the brain's internal clock changes relative to the visual scene's timescale, with precise timing required for accurate perception.
Researchers studying 523 pairs of twins aim to understand the role of environmental stress in cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. The study, funded by a $1.7 million grant, will evaluate twins' living environments and stress coping mechanisms over four years.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that artificial food colorings and additives can increase levels of hyperactivity in children up to middle childhood. The effects were observed across a wide range of severities and in the general population, not just in those with extreme hyperactivity.
Research using fMRI and behavioral studies confirms that adult human brain can reorganize and adapt after damage, such as stroke or visual disorders. The study found that the visually deprived cortex assumed new functional properties, affecting visual perception and leading to distortions in perception.
University of Minnesota researchers have initiated a groundbreaking clinical trial to determine the optimal dose and safety of T regulatory cells from umbilical cord blood in decreasing the risk of immune reactions common in patients undergoing blood and marrow transplantation. The study aims to enhance blood and marrow recovery, reduc...
Non-Caucasian patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have more severe liver disease compared to Caucasian patients. Minority patients reported more limitation of activity, severe itching, and serious complications.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute are developing a personal device to measure daily light intake and activity, predicting optimal timing for light therapy to synchronize the circadian clock. The device aims to alleviate psychosocial stress and sleep-related ailments caused by inadequate or irregular light exposure.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have successfully established entanglement between two atoms, a key feature of quantum communication. This achievement has significant implications for the development of super-fast quantum computers and a quantum internet.
A team of researchers led by Darrell Taulbee has created a new type of fertilizer that reduces the explosive potential of ammonium nitrate, a key ingredient in homemade bombs. By coating AN pellets with coal ash, they achieve a blast much less violent, without eliminating its initiating power.
Researchers at Northwestern University investigated a new study method using Behavioral Economics Theory to rehabilitate participants with unhealthy habits. Participants were assigned to change two behavior changes that had the greatest impact on other unhealthy behaviors.
Researchers develop bacteria to deliver anti-cancer treatments by targeting oxygen-starved areas of tumors. The treatment shows effective results in experimental animals, offering a promising alternative to traditional cancer therapies.
Scientists recorded entire genomic expression of a host bacterium and infecting virus over eight-hour infection course. The study suggests viral infection may play role in shaping bacterial genetic repertoire, leading to evolutionarily significant exchange.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics has awarded the 2007 SIAM Student Paper Prizes to Thomas T. Bringley, Nir Gavish, and Kristoffer G. van der Zee for outstanding papers in their fields.
A new study reveals that RNA polymerase II constantly scans the cell's DNA for damage, sending a stress signal to p53, a master protein that responds to DNA damage. This discovery sheds light on how cells protect themselves against cancer-producing DNA lesions.
Interactions between ozone and body oils can lead to the formation of chemical byproducts that worsen nasal irritation, headaches, and other air traveler complaints. The study suggests simple steps like installing ozone-destroying catalysts can help reduce these byproducts in aircraft and buildings.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute discovered that the addition of a single molecule at a specific site on p53 protein represses its activity, while adding a second copy reverses this effect. This nuanced regulation is crucial for maintaining optimal balance between cancer protection and normal growth.
Researchers discovered 'silent' seizures in mice with Alzheimer's disease, which may be related to cellular changes involving amyloid beta protein accumulations. These seizures could contribute to episodes of confusion in advanced Alzheimer's patients.
Researchers have discovered a new class of antidepressants that work by directly enhancing nerve impulses of serotonin neurons. The compounds, RS 67333 and prucalopride, target serotonin type-4 receptors and have been shown to reduce symptoms of depression in rats after just three days of treatment.
Toothed whales developed sonar to track squid in surface waters at night, allowing them to follow cephalopods as they migrated downwards into darkness. This led to the refinement of echolocation systems, enabling whales to hunt squid in deep ocean depths.
The Commission on Social Determinants of Health highlights the significant gaps in health equity across the world, with life expectancies for African and South Asian children being less than 50 years. The report emphasizes that action is needed to address social and political factors contributing to these disparities.
A new DNA analysis revealed that five of nine relic populations of what biologists believed to be greenback cutthroat trout are actually Colorado River cutthroat trout. This study highlights the need for accurate identification and management strategies to conserve the species.
Anesthesiologists and medical ethicist discuss pros and cons of doctors participating in state-ordered executions. Some argue that humane methods can be used to minimize suffering, while others believe it violates the Hippocratic oath and compromises medical professionalism.
A new study published in Pediatrics found that annual flu shots significantly reduce outpatient visits and hospitalizations due to flu-related illness. Vaccinating half of U.S. children could prevent up to 650,000 doctor's office visits and 2,250 hospitalizations per year.
The Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) data management system has been upgraded to Version 2.3, featuring new microbial genomes from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Reference Sequence collection. The system now includes fungi, protists, and plant genomes, providing a broader comparative analysis platform.
Researchers developed a non-invasive imaging technique that detects fat buildup in the heart of pre-diabetic people. The study found that fat accumulation occurs before diabetes onset and is unrelated to blood sugar or liver fat, but correlated with stomach fat.
Researchers found that the genes responsible for color vision in aye-ayes are fully functional, contradicting the long-held theory that nocturnal mammals lose color vision over time. The study sheds light on the evolution of color vision and highlights the importance of examining rare and endangered species.
Immunology researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have successfully halted a lethal rabies infection in mice by opening the central nervous system's protective blood-brain barrier. This breakthrough could lead to improved treatment for late-stage rabies infections in humans, and may also shed light on other neurological diseases.
A study by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that India's high income inequality leads to a double-disease burden, with poor individuals facing undernutrition and affluent individuals experiencing overnutrition. The risk of both conditions increases with widening income gaps between the rich and the poor.
Research published in Biology Letters finds that dog-walking in bushland causes a significant reduction in bird diversity and abundance, with ground-dwelling birds most affected. The study's findings support the long-term prohibition of dog-walking from sensitive conservation areas.
Researchers found that immunosuppressive drugs suppress beta-cell regeneration in diabetic mice, raising questions about the potential of successful regenerative islet transplantation. Meanwhile, a new study demonstrated that eIF4E-specific antisense oligonucleotides reduce tumor growth without causing damage to normal tissues.
Scientists discover probiotics can reduce Salmonella bacteria in pigs, potentially cutting food poisoning cases. The new technique uses 3D models to test probiotic effects without live animals.
Researchers created an automated, enterprise-scale WiFi troubleshooting system that analyzes wireless protocol behavior, wired network services, and interactions between them. The system identifies the source of problems, such as media access dynamics and mobility management latency, and provides immediate solutions.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that extracts from Hass avocados kill or stop the growth of pre-cancerous cells leading to oral cancer. The study highlights the potential health benefits of consuming phytonutrient-rich foods like avocados.
Scientists developed a microchip that can identify 56 virulence genes in E. coli bacteria and 54 antimicrobial resistance genes in gram-negative bacteria, speeding up diagnosis and treatment of infections. The chip will enable large-scale monitoring of bacterial pathogens and search for important genes in other pathogens.
A study by McGill University found that physicians who score poorly on patient-physician communication skills exams are more likely to generate patient complaints. The exam's results prove its value in predicting patient complaints and could be used earlier in medical school admissions.
Researchers Adam Woolley and Héctor Becerril develop 'DNA shadow nanolithography' using DNA molecules as nanostencils. The technique enables the creation of high-aspect-ratio trenches and nanowires with precise control over dimensions.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new technology that detects cancer cells in the bloodstream by scanning surface veins. This non-invasive method allows for earlier diagnosis and more accurate monitoring of disease progression, enabling personalized treatment.
Dr. Richard Guerrant receives funding to develop a new treatment approach for C. difficile by targeting its toxins instead of the bacteria itself, aiming to prevent deadly complications and reduce antibiotic use.
Scientists discovered that gap junctions play a crucial role in neuronal migration, and their adhesion function may also contribute to cancer spread. The discovery highlights the potential for gap junctions as a therapeutic target in brain tumors.
A new company, Nanotailor, has licensed NASA Goddard's innovative process to produce high-quality, low-cost single-walled carbon nanotubes. This technology will benefit industries such as medical, construction, manufacturing, and imaging, making affordable nanotechnology available for a broad range of applications.
Researchers found that N-acetylcysteine can form a molecule that tricks the body into thinking it has an oxygen shortage, leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension. The discovery opens up new possibilities for treating PAH and highlights the need to monitor patients using NAC.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh have identified a unique population of adult stem cells derived from human muscle tissue that can be used to treat muscle injuries and diseases. The myoendothelial cells are easily isolated, proliferate rapidly, and can differentiate into muscle, bone, and cartilage cells.
Researchers studied visual restoration therapy for stroke patients, finding that the training induces specific changes in brain activity. The study demonstrates a potential for visual therapy in partially-blind stroke patients and provides an important starting point for understanding its effectiveness.
Scientists at Lund University have found a genetic basis for severe urinary tract infections, suggesting a gene that regulates the immune system may be used as a risk marker. This discovery could enable early detection of susceptible individuals, potentially reducing unnecessary examinations and treatment.
Researchers at UCR will develop inexpensive badges for monitoring diesel and gasoline exhaust exposure in real-time, using nanotechnology. The project aims to better understand the role of environmental factors in diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at the University of Washington used functional MRI to study brain connectivity in dyslexic children. A three-week instructional program improved their ability to connect letters and sounds, normalizing brain activity patterns. The study suggests that temporal connectivity is crucial for reading skills.
Researchers found that immunosuppressive drugs suppress beta-cell regeneration in diabetic mice, casting doubt on long-term islet transplantation success. This could lead to breakthroughs in regenerative islet transplantation and improved treatment for type 1 diabetics.
Researchers found that natural resources did not limit Cherokee settlement patterns, contradicting long-held assumptions. The studies focused on the year 1721 and used historical data, mathematical models, and statistical inference to analyze town placement and population.
Researchers have developed an anti-cancer therapy using eIF4E-specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), which effectively knock down the protein's expression in human tumors. The treatment has been shown to inhibit tumor growth without compromising normal tissue function, suggesting a promising approach for cancer treatment.
A Canadian study found that physicians who score poorly on the patient-physician communication portion of their national licensing examination are more likely to receive complaints from patients. The study, which included over 3,400 physicians, analyzed data and found a significant correlation between low communication scores and incre...
The Institute for Sustainable Nanoelectronics will leverage Moore's Law to develop a design methodology applicable to emerging computing platforms. Probabilistic CMOS technology reduces energy consumption while increasing electronic noise, enabling more efficient chip designs.
Scientists are developing a bioengineered yeast strain that can efficiently turn switchgrass, hemp, corn, and other natural materials into ethanol. The modified yeast produces enzymes to break down a wider variety of sugars, maximizing ethanol production from biomass.
Two studies examining duty hour reform found no significant association between the reform and an increased risk of death among hospitalized patients. The first study, published in JAMA, analyzed data from over 8 million Medicare patients and found no increase in mortality following the implementation of work hour limits.
Researchers have created 3D images of fruit fly brains using optical projection tomography, shedding light on genetic research into Alzheimer's and other human diseases. The images allow scientists to visualize gene expression patterns and gain insights into the human brain.