A new study using molecular genetic data confirms that modern birds originated more than 100 million years ago, contradicting earlier fossil-based estimates of around 60 million years ago. The analysis suggests that both the fossil record and molecular clock methods have limitations in dating biological events.
Researchers at Imperial College London have developed a new type of sensor that uses T-rays to detect explosives and poisons. The technology guides the radiation along a specially designed surface, increasing detection sensitivity and potentially revolutionizing security screening.
The study analyzed data from 2000 to find large regional variations in stroke and heart disease-related deaths across Europe. Mortality rates for ischemic heart disease (IHD) were lower in southern and western countries, while cerebrovascular disease (CVD) mortality was reduced in the center of Western Europe.
Researchers from Stevens Institute of Technology have been awarded a grant to evaluate an integrated mariculture system that recycles fish excretions into feed for oysters and clams. The program aims to promote mutual cooperation between scientists from Egypt and Israel, with two pilot systems set up in Alexandria and Eilat.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have developed an environmentally friendly technology to produce ethylene from ethane streams by removing pure hydrogen, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The new membrane reactor enables the reaction to feed itself, making it a clean and energy-efficient way of producing ethylene.
Researchers discovered a specific clone of bacteria responsible for most cases of Legionnaires' disease, highlighting the genetic background of Legionella pneumophila. The study found that this clone has a high prevalence in human disease due to its ability to evade host immune responses.
Heavy cannabis users, especially those who smoke it almost weekly, are at higher risk of mild and severe gum disease. The study suggests that reducing cannabis use may also help reduce the prevalence of gum disease.
Researchers have mapped gut microbes to better understand their role in human metabolism and disease. The study identifies key bug species involved in metabolic processes, paving the way for new treatments.
The Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation supports innovative three-year projects addressing coral reef health, unsustainable commercial fishing, and marine protected areas. The 2008 recipients aim to protect global ocean environments through groundbreaking techniques, fishery management models, and economic analysis.
A new study published in Pediatrics found that 23% of children hospitalized with influenza had a previous hospitalization during the most recent flu-vaccine season. This suggests that providing in-hospital vaccinations to those at highest risk may aid in reducing rates of pediatric hospitalization for influenza.
Researchers are exploring the potential of generating insulin-producing cells using adult stem cells to treat type 1 diabetes. The partnership aims to restore normal blood sugar levels through autologous cell transplantation, eliminating the need for immunosuppressive agents.
The Journal of the Korean Statistical Society will be published by Elsevier starting from 2008, with an international editorial board and increased availability on ScienceDirect. The journal publishes original research articles on statistics and probability theory, as well as innovative applications and current topics.
Researchers have discovered a giant hydrogen gas finger in the Milky Way Galaxy, which may indicate that nearby galaxies, such as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, will eventually merge with our Galaxy. The study provides valuable insight into the galaxies' fate using CSIRO radio telescopes.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new terahertz device that can reveal hidden artworks beneath layers of plaster or paint in centuries-old buildings. The device uses pulses of terahertz radiation to detect subtle changes in material, allowing for non-destructive imaging of artworks.
A meta-analysis found that former substance abusers have a low rate of relapse after organ transplantation, with significant associations between relapse and poor social support and family alcohol history. The study included over 3,600 individuals who received transplants and examined the rates of alcohol and drug relapse.
Researchers have identified nine key components of the Earth's climate system at risk of passing a tipping point, with some elements projected to undergo major transitions within the next 100 years. The study highlights the need for early warning systems and caution against complacency in addressing climate change.
A study found that a low-dose regimen of nevirapine significantly reduced the risk of HIV transmission to breast-feeding infants, with a 40% decrease at 6 weeks and 33% decrease at 6 months. The extended-nevirapine regimen is considered safe and shows promise for preventing sexual transmission of HIV.
Crocodilians divert blood through a special vessel called the left aorta to bypass their lungs during digestion. This unique system enables them to secrete gastric acid at an unprecedented rate, facilitating digestion and survival. By shunting CO2-rich blood straight to the stomach, crocodilians maintain optimal digestive conditions.
Localized prostate cancer treatment options face uncertainty due to limited evidence. Gene expression tests for breast cancer hold promise but require further data on benefits and limitations. New HIV treatment guidelines suggest earlier initiation may increase life expectancy for younger patients. Pregnant women should not be screened...
References to explicit substance use are common in popular music, particularly in genres like hip-hop and rap. The behavior is often motivated by peer pressure or sex, with highly positive consequences portrayed in most songs.
A study found Croatian children were exposed to firearms and explosives at a much higher rate than other countries, leading to significantly increased rates of weapon-related deaths. The population remained heavily militarized even five years after the war, resulting in persistent increases in these deaths.
A recent study published in Archives of Disease in Childhood finds no association between the MMR vaccine and autism spectrum disorders, contradicting previous research. The study analyzed blood samples from nearly 250 children with autism, as well as comparison groups without autism or special educational needs.
The new chip design can be up to 10 times more energy-efficient than present technology, leading to longer-lasting cell phones, implantable medical devices, and sensors.
Researchers demonstrated that microneedle patches can deliver clinically-relevant doses of drugs like naltrexone, reducing side effects and required dosage. The study also found lower production of metabolites, which may cause adverse reactions.
A new study reveals that rheumatoid arthritis results in significant economic impact due to early retirement, with up to two-thirds of costs outside the healthcare sector. Patient access to disease-modifying biologic drugs is limited, particularly in Western Europe.
A new guideline from the American Academy of Neurology highlights individuals at risk of falling due to conditions like stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, and vision loss. Regular screening and preventive measures can help prevent fall-related injuries and deaths.
Researchers at the University of Leipzig successfully produce kilogram quantities of isocitric acid from sunflower oil using a combination of biotechnology and chemical steps. This achievement opens up new avenues for synthesizing complex natural products and chiral building blocks.
Researchers identified children under 2 years old with very low lymphocyte levels as at high risk for severe RSV infection. The study found that 28% of infected children developed lower respiratory tract infections, with a mortality rate of 8.6%.
A study of over 1.38 million Danish births found a significant association between exposure to severe stressful events during the first trimester and an increased risk of schizophrenia in children. Chemicals released by the mother's brain in response to stress may affect fetal brain development, particularly in early pregnancy.
A team of researchers from the University of Southern California has developed a novel 49-pixel probe-and-camera system that can create a 2D through-the-walls radar imager using a small CMOS chip. This technology has potential applications in medical imaging, emergency rescue missions, and security monitoring devices.
A University of Washington study found that case workers rarely screen for domestic violence, often failing to identify victims or provide necessary services. Researchers recommend a cultural shift in welfare organizations to prioritize screening and supporting vulnerable clients.
A study found that older women are more likely to develop depression and remain depressed over time, whereas older men are less prone to this condition. This disparity contributes to the higher burden of depression among older women.
Researchers found that lower transmission rates increase dengue deaths by reducing the development of immunity to new strains during a critical cross-immunity period. This allows the virus to gain entry into cells and cause more severe infections.
Researchers found a significant decline in per capita visits to U.S. national parks since the late 1980s, correlating with an increase in sedentary activities like video gaming and watching movies. This shift, known as 'videophilia,' has far-reaching consequences for physical and mental health, particularly in children.
The Trainor Lab has demonstrated that inactivating the p53 gene can prevent Treacher Collins Syndrome, a rare craniofacial disorder. By inhibiting the p53 protein or inactivating the gene, neural crest cells can survive and form normal craniofacial structures.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered two genes, E2F7 and E2F8, that play a vital role in preventing massive cell death in developing embryos. The study shows that these genes suppress the activity of another gene, E2f1, which is involved in triggering programmed cell death.
A multi-center study of 500 women found that more women preferred the contraceptive ring over the skin patch due to lower complication rates and higher satisfaction. The ring was also reported to have fewer side effects compared to the patch.
Edmund M. Clarke has been recognized for his pioneering work on Model Checking, a technique that analyzes the logic underlying a design to detect errors in hardware and software. This approach has significantly improved the reliability of complex computer chips, systems, and networks.
Researchers discovered that calcium channel blockers diltiazem and verapamil can restore partial enzyme homeostasis in cell lines from patients with Gaucher disease, Ą-mannosidosis, and type IIIA mucopolysaccharidosis. This finding may lead to a new treatment option for patients with neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases.
Researchers found that manipulating serotonin receptors can block L-DOPA-induced side effects in advanced Parkinson's disease. The discovery suggests a new approach for developing treatments for this disorder, which is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's.
Smart holograms can detect changes in blood-glucose levels, adrenaline levels, and other chemical imbalances, enabling patients to monitor their health more effectively. This new technology has wide applicability in various fields, including diabetes management, security, and smart packaging systems.
Researchers examined over 7,000 plant species in the human diet, finding that humans consume a remarkably high number of plant families. A study of a McDonald's Big Mac meal revealed approximately 20 different species and ingredients originating from around the world.
Research shows that cigarette smoking is associated with restless sleep and reduced deep sleep hours, as well as increased light sleep. The study suggests that nicotine withdrawal may contribute to these disturbances, particularly in the early stages of sleep.
A new study reveals that human economic activity is a primary driver of invasive fish species in rivers and lakes. The research found no correlation between native species and invasive species, highlighting the need for conservation efforts to protect aquatic ecosystems.
Middle-aged women in Finland took almost 50% more short-term sick leave than their male counterparts, with physical health problems and work fatigue being key contributors. The researchers suggest that women may be better at recognizing problems and seeking medical treatment.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center have developed a mouse model that helps unravel the cause of fibrous, non-cancerous nerve tumors called neurofibromas. The model provides insights into the biological mechanisms underlying tumor formation and serves as a platform for therapeutic testing.
A vaccine booster has been shown to induce a persistent immune response against lung cancer, reducing the risk of recurrence. The study found that patients who received regular recall injections experienced improved immunological memory, which can be strengthened with additional vaccinations.
A study found that public support for using human tissue in research has risen over the past decade, despite adverse publicity surrounding previous incidents. The survey revealed that 96% of patients are in favour of their tissue being used for medical research, while 92% are happy to see it used to train medical students.
A new study published in Perspectives in Psychiatric Care shows that a psychiatric consultation team working closely with hospital staff led to the elimination of patient restraints for those with mental and developmental disabilities. The use of restraints was reduced through better communication, support, and staff training.
Researchers estimate that preventing obesity could reduce healthcare costs for healthy individuals due to their longer lifespan and reduced risk of chronic diseases. The study found the opposite: obese individuals and smokers had lower lifetime healthcare costs compared to healthy non-smokers.
Research reveals that doctors are reluctant to prescribe sleep aids to patients with depression, anxiety, or mood disorders, except for psychiatrists. However, new guidelines are needed to address this knowledge gap and ensure patients receive appropriate treatment for their insomnia.
A study found that preschool children exposed to both World Trade Center attacks and another traumatic event had significantly more severe behavioral problems than those exposed only to one or neither. Young children may be particularly vulnerable to the adverse psychological consequences of trauma.
A new study by UCSD researchers found that autobiographical recollection was impaired for recent memories but fully intact for remote past memories in patients with medial temporal lobe damage. The Autobiographical Interview method elicited more detailed long-term memories than previous studies.
A recent study found that adults who were abused in childhood and carried a specific gene variant showed lower measures of depression. The gene variant, corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor one (CRHR1), appears to protect against depression in adults who experienced moderate to severe child abuse.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry found that immigrants living in neighborhoods with a small proportion of their own ethnic group are at increased risk for psychotic disorders. The research confirms the importance of environmental and social experiences in contributing to these disorders.
Researchers identify critical thresholds in climate system components that could trigger drastic changes, such as the melting of Arctic sea-ice and Greenland Ice Sheet. These 'tipping elements' require immediate consideration in international climate politics to prevent potentially catastrophic consequences.
Scientists have found that polygamous baboon fathers who spend time with their children during juvenile years can influence their daughters' fitness. The study, led by Duke University professor Susan Alberts, suggests that fatherly presence can give offspring a jump-start on reproduction, especially among females.
New study sequenced two full FIV genomes of different lion subtypes, showing importance of whole-genome analysis. The findings provide insights into genetic determinants of pathogenicity and virulence differences between domestic cat and lion FIV.
Researchers identified CDK10 as a key factor in breast cancer treatment resistance, which occurs earlier in tumors expressing low levels of the protein. The study also found that methylation of the CDK10 gene correlates with resistance.
Research identifies genetic variations that shield adults from depression caused by childhood trauma. The study discovered that certain gene variations help regulate the response to stress, protecting against moderate to severe depression in adulthood.