Researchers discovered that past oral contraceptive use can reduce estrogen levels for years after treatment is stopped, potentially leading to a reduced risk of ovarian and uterine cancers. The study used cynomolgus monkeys and found significant reductions in estrogen metabolites three years after surgical menopause.
Researcher Patricia Turner finds parallels between Barack Obama's false rumors and those surrounding Snapple in the 1990s. These factors contribute to the spread of unsubstantiated hearsay and popular backlash.
Researchers found that heart failure patients have a fourfold higher risk of fracture and six times the risk of hip fracture compared to other heart patients. Heart failure and osteoporosis share common risk factors such as older age, female sex, smoking, and type-2 diabetes.
A joint Sandia/SES award recognized a solar-to-grid system conversion efficiency record of 31.25 percent, surpassing the existing 1984 record of 29.4 percent. The SES Serial #3 solar dish Stirling system achieved this milestone at Sandia's National Solar Thermal Test facility in January 2008.
Researchers found that photodynamic therapy, combining a topical photosensitizer and laser treatment, increases collagen levels and produces other skin changes in sun-damaged skin. The treatment may be particularly effective for skin with severe sun damage.
Researchers have discovered a key role of sugar molecules in regulating cellular processes, potentially leading to new treatments for diseases like diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. The findings suggest that sugar molecules can influence protein function and interactions, providing a new target for manipulation by drugs.
Researchers have found a potential treatment for ciguatera poisoning using the compound brevenal, which can block the effect of the toxin on sodium channels. Currently, there are few effective treatments available for acute impact of ciguatera poisoning on humans and marine mammals.
Researchers create hollow spherical nanospheres that can withstand extreme stress and deform without losing strength, approaching the theoretical ideal shear strength. The spheres' geometry is engineered to reduce stresses at specific regions, allowing them to transfer stress more efficiently.
A study found that chest computed tomography (CT) can detect disease progression involving the lungs in high-risk patients with head and neck cancer. Indeterminate small solitary pulmonary nodules carry a higher risk of being malignant, highlighting the importance of aggressive evaluation and management.
A US study found that adults in a poverty-alleviation program with a cash component were more likely to be overweight, obese, and have high blood pressure. The researchers suggest that increased income may lead people to purchase unhealthy foods and drinks.
The Penn State-Drexel team developed and applied a set of geographically-enhanced visual analytics tools to address a homeland security information analysis problem. They successfully integrated raw data, results, and findings from four mini-challenges to identify hidden patterns and insights.
A study comparing results of allergy patch tests between children and adults found that both groups reacted to various allergens at approximately the same rate. However, children were more likely to react to nickel, cobalt, thimerosal, and lanolin, while adults were more likely to react to neomycin, fragrance mix, M. pereirae, and quat...
A study found that heart attack patients treated by less experienced physicians had lower use of evidence-based drug therapies compared to those treated by more experienced cardiologists. The researchers recommend developing new methods to standardize prescribing practices, particularly for long-practicing physicians.
Researchers at Saint Louis University have identified an investigational vaccine that induces a better immune response and is more effective at protecting against tuberculosis. The vaccine uses a weakened TB germ from one of the strains of the current tuberculosis vaccine.
A new ruthenium catalyst allows for the selective synthesis of primary amines directly from alcohols and ammonia under mild conditions. This process avoids toxic reagents and waste products, making it ecologically and economically beneficial.
Researchers identified AHI-1 protein that protects leukemia stem cells from imatinib, a current treatment for CML. Blocking AHI-1 restores imatinib's ability to kill leukemia cells, paving the way for combination therapy.
Thomas L. Saaty, inventor of AHP, revolutionized decision-making with a breakthrough methodology that's widely used in business and government. His work has had a broad practical impact on operations research and related fields.
Researchers at UWM have developed smart coatings that heal shallow pits and fractures on almost any material, preventing further degradation in various industries. The coatings, created by Dr. Carolyn Aita, adjust to conditions within the human body, preventing implant rejection or failure.
Asthma affects over 2 million Australians, with a plateauing prevalence among children and declining hospital admission rates since 1993. Despite positive trends, asthma remains a major concern due to smoking habits, lack of written action plans, and higher mortality rates among Indigenous Australians.
Researchers identified over 1,000 dinosaur tracks at a site in the Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, providing evidence of wet intervals during the Early Jurassic Period. The site includes rare tail-drag marks, revealing at least four dinosaur species gathered at the watering hole.
Advances in nerve repair, miniature implantable medical devices and proton therapy were showcased at the AVS 55th International Symposium. Researchers developed new technologies to print cells for artificial organs and created microscopic medical devices that can deliver drugs and monitor health.
Scientists from three universities will establish a new center to develop state-of-the-art chemical libraries, increasing the efficiency of compound synthesis. The center aims to identify new compounds for future drug development and basic biomedical research.
Researchers found that groups boasting about their status are actually insecure, while those focusing on individual efforts have high social standing. The study's findings have implications for understanding political rallies and football games.
A revolutionary heart operation technique using cutting-edge technology will be performed on October 20, demonstrating the University of Leicester's world-class credentials in cardiology. Dr. Andre Ng, a leading expert in catheter ablation procedures, will perform the procedure live at the Heart Rhythm Congress.
Researchers investigate how neuronal activity leads to amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage and the formation of fibrous plaques in Alzheimer's disease patients. Treatment with a cdk5 inhibitor reduces APP association with BACE microdomains and cleavage.
Researchers found strong associations between markers of inflammation and coagulation and increased risk of death from non-AIDS diseases. Biomarkers IL-6 and D-dimer levels were unchanged in patients receiving continuous ART treatment, suggesting a link to intermittent ART.
A RAND Corporation study found that a unique patient identification number system could eliminate record errors, simplify electronic medical records and increase overall efficiency. The proposed system would help address concerns around patient privacy by reducing the exposure of personal information during searches.
The study estimates that more than 330,000 lives were lost to HIV/AIDS in South Africa between 2000 and 2005 due to the delay in implementing antiretroviral treatment. The researchers also found that an estimated 35,000 babies were born with HIV during this period due to the lack of a mother-to-child transmission prophylaxis program.
Researchers conducted a high-resolution soil survey of Capulin Volcano National Monument in New Mexico, collecting over 140 soil samples and creating interpolated maps. The study provided valuable insights into the park's soil characteristics, enabling more effective management of natural resources.
A study by French researchers found that infused T cells recognize a new protein called meloe-1, which is highly expressed in melanoma cells but not normal skin cells. Meloe-1-specific T cells were more common among patients who remained relapse-free, suggesting this strategy may improve adoptive immunotherapy efficacy.
Sandia scientists train Iraqi professionals to clean up radioactively contaminated sites and safely dispose of radioactive wastes. The program focuses on characterization, cleanup, dismantling nuclear facilities, waste management, and waste disposal at the Al Tuwaitha nuclear complex.
A project called inSPOT uses electronic postcards to assist people in disclosing an STD diagnosis to their sexual partners. This system has been shown to increase partner notification rates, contributing to better disease prevention and control outcomes.
A study found that low birth weight is a significant risk factor for infantile hemangiomas, with a nine-fold increase for every 1.1-pound decrease in birth weight. The number of low birth weight infants has increased significantly in the US, contributing to an estimated 40% rise in infantile hemangioma incidence over the last 20 years.
The AERA-NAEd assessment will examine 16 major fields of education research, focusing on over 900 programs in 120 universities. The study aims to establish benchmarks and quality criteria for education research doctorate programs.
Researchers propose alternative strategies to combat tobacco use, focusing on vulnerable populations such as homeless individuals, Aboriginal people, and those with mental illness. New approaches aim to better understand the underlying factors hindering population-based interventions.
A Yale researcher suggests that a competition between brain areas can explain why people forget tasks, such as dropping off dry cleaning. This 'dry cleaning effect' involves the interaction between the striatum and hippocampus, which may be relevant to understanding mental illnesses like obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A new USGS study published in the Journal of Environmental Quality shows that pesticide contamination in groundwater has decreased over the past decade. Only six compounds were detected in ground water from at least 10 wells during the study period, with concentrations less than 0.12 parts per billion.
The updated indicators help measure cardiac care quality and identify areas for improvement. Hospitals with better performance on these indicators have lower mortality rates, potentially saving lives.
A new blood test has been shown to identify patients at risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) with greater precision than the traditional skin test. The ELISpot blood test can pinpoint those who need preventative treatment, reducing unnecessary treatments and associated risks.
A new UC Davis study found that symmetrical systems of wildlife corridors may do less good for natural communities than designs with randomness or asymmetry built in. This research provides insights for land managers and community planners designing corridors, shedding light on what works and what doesn't.
Researchers measured chemical tracers in ancient fish scales and bones to estimate ancient ocean circulation patterns during greenhouse climates. Their findings contradict previous models, proposing sinking of warm waters and enhanced mixing in the Late Cretaceous North Atlantic Ocean.
Consuelo M. De Moraes, a Penn State entomologist, has received the ESA's Early Career Innovation Award for her innovative research on chemical communication in ecological interactions. The award recognizes her contributions to promoting minority and women in science.
A study of 429,751 trauma patients found that African American and Hispanic patients had significantly higher death rates compared to white patients. Uninsured patients also had a higher death risk, with mortality rates doubling for African American and Hispanic patients compared to white patients.
A study by University of Illinois economist Darren Lubotsky found that immigrants' earnings growth is slower than expected, with only a 10-15% annual increase over their first 20 years in the US. This challenges widely used census-based projections and highlights the need for more accurate data on immigrant earnings.
Researchers in Algeria have discovered that orange peel can effectively remove acidic dyes from industrial effluent, blocking sunlight and harming photosynthesizing plant species. The study found that absorption time depends on dye concentration and temperature, with strong dyes absorbed at up to 70 milligrams per gram of orange peel.
The USPSTF recommends primary care interventions to promote breastfeeding, with coordinated interventions increasing initiation, duration, and exclusivity. Breastfeeding has substantial health benefits to babies and their mothers, including reduced infections, allergic skin rashes, and type 2 diabetes.
A high percentage of contact lens cases in Tenerife are contaminated with pathogenic Acanthamoeba that cannot be killed by normal contact lens solution. The infection is very painful and can cause blindness. Researchers have found that commercial contact lens solutions do not protect against amoebic keratitis.
A study published in Archives of Dermatology found that light-activated therapy increased levels of Ki67, a protein involved in new skin cell growth, and collagen production. Skin thickness also increased after treatment, suggesting improved appearance.
Researchers have discovered primary developmental defects in the lens of moles, leading to a disrupted epithelium and disorganized mass of immature fibre cells. Genetic information reveals abnormal gene expression central to eye development, causing incomplete lens fibre completion.
Researchers at Rockefeller University Press identified an amino acid switch that flaviviruses use to gain access to cells. The team discovered that mutating one specific histidine residue can completely abolish fusion ability in tick-borne encephalitis virus, a dangerous human pathogen.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that nearly 31% of hypertension disparity among African Americans and non-Hispanic whites is attributable to environmental factors. The researchers suggest that social environment plays a greater role in the disparity.
The German research vessel Polarstern has completed its Arctic expedition, collecting data on the geology of the Arctic area and the development of ocean currents. Researchers discovered large sliding masses beneath the seafloor, indicating significant sediment relocations in the region.
New research suggests rare corals can cross-breed with other species to increase genetic diversity and adapt to changing conditions. This finding has raised hopes for the ability of corals to withstand the impacts of climate change.
Recent studies suggest a possible link between long-term cell phone use and increased risk of brain tumors, prompting a call for collaborative research initiatives. Scientists emphasize the need for definitive evidence to determine the risks associated with electromagnetic field exposure from cell phones.
A new study found physical evidence of ancient drug paraphernalia in the Caribbean, dated between 400 and 100 B.C., suggesting that the artifacts were transported to the islands as heirlooms. The research team used luminescence dating to analyze ceramic inhaling bowls, which indicated that they were not made using local materials.
Patients who received beta-blockers before and during non-cardiac surgery had higher rates of heart attack (2.94%) and death (2.52%) within 30 days compared to those who did not receive them. The study suggests that a low target preoperative heart rate is essential for the protective effect of beta-blockers.
A study found laser therapies to be safer when used separately, with more effective leg hair removal. Alexandrite lasers showed long-term efficacy, but caused higher pain severity and hyperpigmentation compared to Nd:YAG lasers.
Asbestos export continues in Canada, violating its own limitations and the WHO's recommendation to end chrysotile mining. The practice contributes significantly to the global health crisis caused by asbestos-related diseases.
A team of scientists used a natural cosmic lens to capture an image of a distant galaxy in the early Universe. The image shows a massive reservoir of gas and a supermassive black hole feeding a burst of star formation, indicating that the galaxy has collided with another.
Researchers have identified three new candidate genes for schizophrenia that may contribute to a better understanding of the disease. These genes are associated with brain function and are present in only 1% of schizophrenia patients, suggesting they play a significant role in its development.