Researchers found that mockingbirds can recognize individual humans who pose a threat to their nests, leading to aggressive behavior. The birds' ability to recall these threats may be key to their success in urban environments where many species struggle to thrive.
Researchers have identified a molecular link between sleep and weight gain, suggesting that targeting T-type calcium channels could be beneficial for weight loss. Additionally, studies on glucocorticoid hormones have revealed their protective effects on the heart during ischemia/reperfusion injury.
A new mathematical model developed at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston suggests that tumor growth and invasion can be predicted using biophysical laws. The model, which links molecular and cellular properties to tumor behavior, consistently reproduced patterns of tumor invasion observed in experiments and patien...
A Hopkins study found critical mistakes in life-saving maneuvers like chest compressions and defibrillations in children undergoing arrests. Hands-on training with simulated arrests improved fledging doctors' performance, while experience was key to success.
Researchers have discovered evidence of pre-industrial mercury pollution in the Andes, dating back to 1400 BC, and challenge current thinking on the rise of mining societies. Mercury pollution was initially caused by mine dust from vermillion production, but later increased with Inca control of mines.
A novel vaccine strategy using VLPs could provide a more robust immune response and shorter development time compared to traditional vaccines. Researchers have already made VLP vaccines that show complete protection against H5N1 and 1918 influenza viruses.
Researchers found a biological link between tumors and negative mood changes in animal models, suggesting that tumor-induced molecules may be responsible for depression. The study also showed that disruptions in gene expression and stress hormone production are associated with tumor development.
Recent research includes the documentation of Holocene rupture on major faults in Lake Tahoe Basin and evidence for a large paleolake in Western Desert, Egypt. A study on groundwater system in southern Colorado Plateau-Arizona Transition Zone also sheds light on seismic hazards in western Washington State.
Researchers at Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft have developed a fully automatic production system for two-layer skin models, which can be produced in large quantities with perfect quality. The technique has already proven its use in practice, but was previously too expensive and complicated for mass production.
The DOE JGI's Expert Review system enhances annotation quality in microbial genomes, correcting errors and improving function annotations. Researchers can access the system to review genome annotations and contribute to advancing bioenergy research and biogeochemistry.
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine discovered a substance called TSLP, which is secreted by damaged skin and circulates through the body to trigger asthmatic symptoms. Early treatment of skin rash and inhibition of TSLP production may block asthma development in young patients with eczema.
A new study has shown that Komodo Dragons' effectiveness lies in their unique combination of serrated teeth and venom. The venom was found to be rich in toxins that prolong bleeding and induce shock in victims, allowing the dragons to weaken and immobilize their prey.
Overall median survival improved from 3.5 months in period A to 12 months in period C, despite stage of disease at presentation affecting survival. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment, but many patients present with advanced-stage disease.
Scientists at Yale School of Medicine and Hydra Biosciences have discovered that a protein called TRPA1 may be a trigger of allergy-induced asthma in mice. Inhibiting this protein with a drug known for reducing pain could also reduce asthma symptoms, providing new hope for treatment.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a pocket-size breath test that can detect the presence of malodorous bacteria, allowing users to determine if their breath is 'okay to kiss'. The test uses biomarkers in saliva to identify two distinct populations of bacteria causing bad breath.
Researchers found that curcumin, a compound in turmeric, suppresses angiogenic activity in mice fed high-fat diets, leading to reduced fat tissue growth and lower blood cholesterol levels. The study suggests potential benefits for preventing fat tissue growth in humans.
Scientists have developed a synthetic catalyst that mimics the active site of naturally occurring enzymes, which process hydrogen like platinum. The researchers created a model of the nickel-iron complex, including a bridging hydride ligand, to better understand the mechanism of hydrogenases.
Shire plc will present key scientific data on its Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) treatments lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and investigational non-scheduled guanfacine extended release. The presentations include studies on the pharmacokinetics, duration of effects, patient experience, and response to treatment.
Researchers are exploring alternative biomasses for microorganisms to ferment into ethanol and other fuels. The goal is to unlock the sugars trapped in cellulosic biomass, making it possible to produce sustainable biofuels.
Obese heart disease patients tend to respond well to treatment and have better short- and long-term prognosis than leaner counterparts. However, the exact mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still unclear, and more research is needed to understand the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular outcomes.
A new study found that older people with lower BMI scores are 79% more likely to develop dementia than those with higher BMI scores. Those who lost weight rapidly over eight years were nearly three times more likely to develop dementia, especially if they started out overweight or obese.
A systematic review of 128 studies found that dialysis patients have abnormal levels of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and vanadium, but lower levels of selenium, zinc, and manganese. This imbalance may contribute to adverse clinical outcomes in these patients.
Former inmates face significant health risks without Medicaid coverage upon release, including increased drug use and mortality. States can follow New York's lead by suspending Medicaid benefits instead of terminating them, allowing for smoother re-enrollment process.
Researchers uncover Komodo dragons' venom composition, which combines teeth and venom for lethal effects, contradicting earlier theories. The venom causes severe blood loss, inducing shock in victims.
Researchers found that elevated triglycerides are significantly more likely to result in worsening neuropathy over a year. Doctors can use this predictor to address lowering lipid counts with their diabetes patients with neuropathy, similar to pursuing glucose control.
Researchers found that 79% of patients treated with bronchial thermoplasty experienced a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in their quality-of-life measurements. The procedure addresses an unmet medical need, providing persistent asthma control over the year following treatment.
Researchers have developed an air-fueled battery that stores up to ten times more energy than current designs, with potential applications in electric vehicles and renewable energy. The new design uses oxygen drawn from the air during discharge, reducing the need for chemicals and increasing capacity.
A new treatment using heat therapy on lung airways reduces severe asthma attacks, ER visits and quality of life improvements. The Alair Bronchial Thermoplasty System shows promise for patients with uncontrolled asthma despite high medication dosages.
A recent study by Washington State University professor Liv Haselbach found that concrete can absorb more CO2 than previously estimated, particularly when reabsorbed into the material over time. This could lead to a lower overall carbon footprint for the concrete industry.
A study from Northwestern University finds a strong link between the cancer drug rituximab and progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML), a swiftly moving and often fatal viral brain infection. The study reports 57 cases of PML in patients with anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, or lymphoma who took rituximab.
A study published in PNAS identified TRPA1 as playing a key role in allergic asthma and demonstrated that HC-030031 effectively treated the condition in mice. This breakthrough research could represent a new avenue of treatment for asthma.
Researchers found T-type calcium channels regulate body weight and sleep, suggesting a link between the two. Mice lacking these channels were resistant to weight gain on high-fat diets.
A new study from Minnesota found that partial bans on smoking in public places have no significant impact on employment in restaurants and bars. Communities with total bans had slightly fewer employees per 10,000 residents compared to those without any ban.
A new survey reveals that post-menopausal women are reluctant to discuss vaginal dryness and pain due to embarrassment, affecting up to 47% who prefer discussing symptoms with a female physician. Despite this, 67% of those treated experience improvements in quality of life and sexual activity.
Pregnant women undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery experience higher rates of complications, longer hospital stays, and increased economic costs compared to non-pregnant women. The study highlights the need for cautious approach and careful deliberation on benefits versus risks.
Researchers discovered that corticosteroids reduce allergic inflammation by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of GATA-3, a key regulator of cytokine expression. This finding may lead to new treatments for allergic diseases, targeting interaction between phosphorylated GATA-3 and importin-α.
Research found that Andean women's uterine artery blood flow and oxygen delivery are higher than European counterparts at high altitude, resulting in larger babies. The study suggests genetic adaptation allows Andean mothers to adapt to the high-altitude environment, protecting their fetuses from reduced growth.
Ciguatera poisoning, caused by eating large carnivorous reef fish, may have prompted Polynesian migrations out of paradise. Researchers propose that climate change and ciguatera outbreaks led to historical mass migrations of Cook Islanders from Rarotonga to New Zealand, Easter Island, and possibly Hawaii.
RISPERDAL CONSTA has been approved as both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in the maintenance treatment of Bipolar I Disorder. The medication offers a convenient and effective choice to delay relapse, with studies demonstrating significant delays in mood episode recurrence.
Researchers discovered that only minor differences in cell proliferation timing explain the anatomical differences between owl and capuchin monkey eyes. This finding sheds light on how complex structures like the eye evolve gradually through evolution without compromising function.
The $9.16m Carbon Benefits Project aims to encourage sustainable development schemes that generate climate adaptation, mitigation and conservation benefits. The innovative web-based system will measure and model greenhouse gas emissions produced and stored in soil and vegetation.
A Stanford University School of Medicine survey finds that Asian Americans living in California are adopting unhealthy sun-exposure behaviors as they become more westernized. The study highlights the need for increased skin-health awareness among primary care physicians and people of Asian ancestry.
Researchers at University of Cincinnati have identified a new molecular pathway responsible for the rapid development of invasive prostate cancer tumors. The simultaneous inactivation of PTEN and Par-4 genes causes a synergistic effect leading to more aggressive tumors.
Researchers at MCG report breakthrough in treating acute renal failure by blocking mitochondrial fragmentation caused by vascular obstruction, trauma, chemotherapy, and toxins. This can prevent kidney cells from committing suicide and lead to acute renal failure.
Calvin B. Cotner, a retired COMSAT World Systems director, has received the 2009 AIAA Aerospace Communications Award for his contributions to advancing Earth station technology. He is being honored for his technical and strategic leadership in guiding international cooperation in satellite communications.
A two-week course of eszopiclone increases CPAP usage among OSA patients, with sustained benefits at six months. The study suggests that this intervention could represent a significant clinical benefit for these patients.
The COPD Foundation's new Lung Health Check platform offers a quick assessment of breathing problems and provides personalized reports with suggestions for prevention and management. The resource aims to inform, educate, and empower individuals to take control of their lung health.
Researchers have developed a new technique to detect individual neutral atoms, which is more accurate and sensitive than previous methods. The system uses a novel means of altering laser light polarization to 'see' the scattered photons, allowing for real-time detection with a speed of less than one-millionth of a second.
Researchers at Northwestern University successfully chemically functionalize graphene using perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA). The resulting monolayer is nearly defect-free and stable under room temperature conditions.
A new study finds that exposure to particulate matter can reprogram genes associated with tumor suppression, affecting cancer development and outcomes. The changes are detectable after just three days of exposure, raising hopes for early interventions to prevent or reverse gene programming.
A large, multi-national clinical trial program has demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of pirfenidone in slowing the deterioration of lung capacity in IPF patients. The treatment resulted in a clinically meaningful reduction in the percentage of patients with an absolute decline in lung function.
A randomized trial of 100 ICU patients found that daily mobilization and sedative interruption improved functional status and reduced delirium at hospital discharge. Nearly 60% of early mobilization patients achieved independence, compared to only one third in the control arm.
Research reveals that HIV-positive individuals are more susceptible to lung-related problems and experience a swifter decline in lung function compared to their HIV-negative counterparts. The study also found that HIV-positive smokers are at risk of developing early emphysema.
A team of UC San Diego-led researchers made the first-ever direct detection of biological particles within ice clouds. Analysis revealed that half were mineral dust and about a third contained nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon, the signature elements of biological matter.
Research reveals genomic imprinting in goldfish shares similarities with mammalian Imprinting, challenging the idea of unique evolutionary event for mammals. The study found parental differential methylation regions in goldfish, indicating a primitive form of genomic imprinting in early vertebrate evolution.
A new therapy that increases airway hydration may prevent mucous buildup in cystic fibrosis patients. GS-9411, an aerosol-based agent, prevents sodium absorption and allows the surface to remain moist.
A study published in Biological Conservation reveals that a nesting population of leatherback sea turtles in Gabon has the world's largest female population of between 15,730 and 41,373. The research highlights the importance of conservation efforts to protect these critically endangered turtles.
A study found that healthcare workers in South Africa are at risk of developing XDR-TB, a potentially untreatable strain of tuberculosis. The researchers emphasize the need for stringent TB screening policies and rapid diagnostic testing to minimize the spread of drug-resistant TB.
A new chalcogel made of cobalt-molybdenum-sulfur exhibits impressive catalytic activity in hydrodesulfurization and gas separation, with high surface area and stability under catalytic conditions. The material can remove nearly 99% of mercury from contaminated water.
Researchers have identified two chromosomal regions associated with the age at which females experience their first menstrual period (menarche) and the onset of natural menopause. The study may help shed light on the prevention of breast and endometrial cancer, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease.