A study found that stem cell transplantation significantly increased C-peptide levels and improved glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes, leading to prolonged insulin independence. The treatment has the potential to reverse type 1 DM in humans, but further studies are needed to confirm its role.
A study found that villages with wider mangroves experienced significantly fewer deaths than those without them during a 1999 super cyclone in India. Mangroves cut the death toll by about two-thirds.
A new study by OHSU School of Dentistry found that patients with self-ligating orthodontic brackets retained significantly fewer oral bacteria in plaque compared to those with elastomeric brackets. The researchers also developed a rapid and reliable method for quantifying oral bacteria using ATP-driven bioluminescence.
Researchers created a new method to estimate bleeding risk for heart attack patients using eight basic medical facts. The CRUSADE bleeding score assigns points to each factor, ranging from very low to high risk of bleeding.
Researchers found that largemouth bass vulnerability to being caught by anglers is influenced by genetic factors. The study showed that repeated catches increase an individual fish's susceptibility to angling, making it more vulnerable to future catches.
Research connects poor fitness to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), highlighting a crucial link between obesity-related illnesses. Exercise may potentially treat or prevent NAFLD by protecting against metabolic diseases.
A study found that routine screening of type 2 diabetics identifies a small group at higher risk, but doesn't significantly impact overall outcome, suggesting unnecessary screening may have economic implications and unnecessary procedures.
Researchers found that imagining a posture can affect behavior, suggesting that our 'peripersonal space' can be extended to influence actions. This ability may have advantages in determining realism and avoiding collisions.
Researchers at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed a non-invasive method to determine whether chemotherapy is working after a single treatment cycle, allowing oncologists to discontinue ineffective treatments sooner. This breakthrough enables faster decision-making and potentially improves patient outcomes.
The Nebraska Mathematics Department received the 2009 American Mathematical Society Award for an Exemplary Program or Achievement in a Mathematics Department. The department's innovative programs, such as mentoring women PhD students and promoting math education, have had a profound effect on the discipline.
Researchers create a line of patented foam-like and environmentally friendly polymers called clay aerogel composites, which can take on various shapes and sizes. The materials have potential applications in insulation, electronics, and other industries.
Researchers discovered Nosema ceranae, a Microsporidia parasite, is the primary cause of honey bee colony depopulation syndrome in professional apiaries. Treating infected colonies with flumagillin resulted in complete recovery.
Researchers found a specialized nerve fiber in skin that transmits stroking signals directly to the brain, potentially explaining why touching can relieve pain. The study used microneurography to analyze nerve signals and found that increased frequency of these signals led to increased pleasantness.
A new study from the University of Washington found that people's understanding of rainy weather forecasts is hindered by misconceptions about probability and uncertainty. Researchers tested over 450 college students and found that many incorrectly assumed deterministic forecasts, leading to unnecessary precautions.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery in the treatment of bone injuries, using teriparatide to jumpstart the body's natural healing process. The study shows significant healing and pain control in patients with unhealed bone fractures, offering new hope for those with no effective treatment options.
A new analysis suggests that drastic emission cuts could stabilize climate change, saving Arctic ice and reducing sea level rise. Global temperatures would still rise, but the most dangerous impacts could be partially avoided with a 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have identified and visualized signaling pathways in protein-RNA complexes to understand how the genetic code is set in all organisms. The study uses molecular dynamics simulations and visualization software to analyze the optimal communication pathways, revealing modules and local communities ...
A new procedure using saline-infusion sonography allows doctors to visualize and diagnose diseases in the lining of the uterus, improving diagnosis accuracy. The study found that the procedure correctly diagnosed benign polyps and cancers more often than blind biopsies.
Pancreatic islet transplantation has been shown to improve glucose control and lead to insulin independence in some individuals with type 1 diabetes. However, obstacles remain, including limited engraftment and chronic immunosuppression.
Dana S. Scott, a renowned mathematician, has been awarded the Sobolev Institute Gold Medal for his fundamental contributions to contemporary logic and domain theory. He will receive the award at the Malt'sev Meeting in Novosibirsk, Russia.
A new study reveals that biofuels could hasten climate change due to the destruction of tropical rainforests. The study found that it will take over 75 years for carbon emissions saved through biofuel use to compensate for the carbon lost when these forests are converted into plantations.
A study by Michael D. Dodd and colleagues found that inhibition of return occurs during visual search tasks, but not during other visual behaviors. Volunteers were tracked while viewing scenes to identify eye movements, revealing a 'facilitation of return' effect where previously fixated locations are shifted faster than new ones.
Research finds that fast food and soft drinks contribute to childhood obesity, but paradoxically also reduce unhappiness. The study highlights the need for policies and programs that balance children's physical health with their emotional well-being.
Researchers found that soybean plants colonized with naturally occurring rhizobia had lower aphid densities than those with commercial or artificially fertilized plants. The plants produced the same level of nitrogen regardless of the type of rhizobia used, suggesting a potential tool for protecting plants from insect herbivory.
Researchers from Loyola University Health System warn that the surgical gel FloSeal may cause microcalcifications on mammograms after breast cancer surgery. The study highlights the need for caution when using FloSeal in lumpectomies to avoid misdiagnosis.
A new study reveals that farmers' overreliance on Roundup Ready crops and glyphosate-based herbicides is leading to the development of resistant weeds. Rotating crops and using different herbicides can slow down this process, extending the life of the technology.
A new study found that Frequent Mental Distress (FMD) prevalence varies significantly across the US, with high rates in Appalachian and Mississippi Valley regions and low rates in the upper Midwest. FMD prevalence increased by at least 1 percentage point in 27 states over two periods.
A new study from Ohio State University found that home tooth bleaching products reduce enamel hardness by 1.2-2 nanometers, affecting its ability to bounce back after force. Researchers suggest reformulating products to minimize side effects.
A study published in the Journal of Biogeography found that climate change may lead to longer bird migrations, with some species facing journeys of up to 250 miles longer. This could have significant consequences for birds' survival and ability to adapt.
Researchers have discovered different resistance mutations in east and west Africa, suggesting varying effectiveness of sulfadoxine as an antimalarial drug. Coordinating malaria control efforts across socioeconomically linked areas may be more effective in reducing the malaria burden across the continent.
A new North American study shows that starting antiretroviral treatment earlier significantly decreases the risk of death, with a reduction of up to 94% in patients who begin treatment before their CD4+ cell count falls below 500. This finding challenges traditional guidelines and may lead to changes in medical practice.
The University of Liverpool has secured funding to create a Knowledge Exploitation Laboratory, accelerating the transfer of research into industry. The lab will facilitate collaboration between academics and industrial partners, exploiting £43 million of EPSRC-funded research in molecular engineering, advanced manufacturing, and sensors.
A new tool has been developed to quickly assess how a particular school finance reform proposal might impact individual California school districts. The tool can be used to evaluate any formula that consolidates categorical funds and will be discussed at the American Educational Research Association meeting in San Diego.
Researchers found that feeling good encourages individuals to explore values inconsistent with their cultural norms, while feeling bad reinforces traditional stereotypes. This suggests that emotions play a significant role in shaping our cultural identities.
Udayan Mohanty, a physical chemist at Boston College, received a 2009 Guggenheim Fellowship to study rare chemical reactions using new computational models. He aims to discover unknown reaction pathways, particularly those surrounding DNA and RNA behavior.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute discovered that heat transfer between materials is directly proportional to their bonding strength. By simulating various surface chemistries, they created a new thermometer to measure interfacial bonding properties.
A randomized controlled trial in Kampala showed that home delivery of prepackaged artemether-lumefantrine had little effect on clinical outcomes and led to overuse of the drug. The study suggests that standard care in health facilities is a more effective approach, especially in urban areas with low malaria transmission.
Researchers at the Burnham Institute developed a protocol to differentiate human embryonic stem cells into committed neural precursor cells, which can be used for transplantation. The C-NPCs were transplanted into mice and became active neurons without generating tumor outgrowth.
Researchers developed a technology that detects damage to critical suspension components in military vehicles by driving over a speed bump-like cleat containing sensors. The system uses signal processing software to interpret sensor data and identify damage, reducing downtime and maintenance costs.
A new study led by USC neuroscientists found that admiring others' virtues or feeling compassion for physical or social pain takes time to fully respond to, unlike faster reactions to fear and pain. The research suggests a need to allow for reflective moments in digital media culture.
Researchers at UQ have found a new treatment approach for dysarthria patients who have suffered a stroke or brain injury. The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment program has shown positive effects on voice clarity and communication confidence, improving quality of life for those affected by the disorder.
Smoking both marijuana and tobacco significantly increases respiratory symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk. A study of 878 adults aged 40 or older found that those who smoked both substances were 2.5 times more likely to have respiratory symptoms and almost 3 times more likely to have COPD.
Patients with heart disease who develop depression are at a greater risk for heart failure, with a two-fold increased incidence. Antidepressant therapy did not appear to lower this risk, suggesting that depression may be an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes.
Researchers at UCL have identified a protein, SAP, as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. CPHPC, a new small molecule drug, removes SAP from the blood and brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, showing promising results.
Researchers used acoustic equipment to analyze the spectral patterns of stridulations produced by Guam's coconut rhinoceros beetle, revealing distinct temporal patterns that aid in communication among beetles. The method allows for early detection of feeding grubs, saving money and lives of coconut trees.
A team of researchers has identified a class of drugs that may enhance the therapeutic effects of imatinib mesylate in treating chronic myeloid leukemia. They also developed a zebrafish model for screening potential therapies for Alzheimer's disease and identified a molecular mechanism underlying aggressive prostate cancer.
Age-related macular degeneration is projected to increase substantially by 2050, but new therapies may help mitigate its effects. Simulation modeling predicts that combining antioxidant vitamins for prevention and anti-VEGF and laser therapy can reduce the rate of visual impairment and blindness due to AMD from 0.73% to 0.48%.
Research found that children with sickle cell disease are less likely to receive transcranial Doppler ultrasound screenings due to limited lab access, despite increased overall screening rates.
A study by Ohio State University found a link between Facebook use and lower grades in college. College students who use Facebook spend less time studying and have lower GPAs, with STEM majors being more likely to use the site.
Ken Golden's research on percolation-based models of sea ice has revealed key features that control polar climate dynamics, including the 'rule of fives'. His work has also led to the development of mathematical approaches to predict changes in sea ice permeability.
Resistance to the antimalarial drug sulfadoxine has emerged independently in multiple sites across Africa over the past decade. The study suggests that coordinated control campaigns may be more effective in reducing the African malaria burden by addressing regional differences in parasite strains and levels of resistance.
Young adults who have been incarcerated are more likely to develop high blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy. They also face barriers to accessing regular medical care.
Researchers at Lehigh University have developed a new cooling method for carbon nanotube electronics by utilizing nonconventional radiation in a near-field zone, dissipating heat into the substrate. The method increases effective thermal conductance over the interface between nanotubes and polar substrates.
Scientists found that temperatures alone can kill drought-stressed piñon pine trees 28% faster, leading to 5 times more frequent die-offs. Carbon starvation is the primary mechanism behind tree mortality, and understanding this relationship is key to predicting future patterns.
Researchers found SIRT1 curbs cell division by speeding up the destruction of the tumor promoter c-Myc, a key finding that may aid cancer treatment. This study supports previous research suggesting SIRT1's anti-cancer effects while also identifying its role in regulating c-Myc levels.
Researchers at Harvard University have developed a laser technology that allows control over the polarization direction of emitted radiation. This innovation has vast implications for various applications, including satellite communications, biomolecule detection, and quantum cryptography.
Researchers aim to understand how sensory integration goes awry in autism and its implications for clinical management. They will compare multisensory integration in subjects with autism to healthy control subjects using high-density electrical recordings.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have received a $3.557 million grant from NIAID to develop vector-specific, resistance-breaking insecticides that could render traditional ITNs ineffective. The new compounds are designed to be safer for humans while maintaining significant insecticidal activity against malaria mosquitoes.
FAK coordinates movement of migrating cancer cells by balancing the number of invadopodia that create a path for migration and the number of focal adhesions that hold the cell back. In its absence, breast cancer cells sprout extra invadopodia and form large, sticky focal adhesions.
A new book by Boston College researchers George Madaus, Michael Russell, and Jennifer Higgins explores the unintended consequences of high-stakes testing on students, teachers, and schools. The authors propose reforms to improve test accuracy, provide detailed diagnostic information, and measure essential 21st-century skills.