A study of pregnant women with MS found that those who breastfed exclusively had lower relapse rates than those who did not or stopped early. Women who delayed starting MS treatments to breastfeed also experienced faster return of menstrual periods.
The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) initiative aims to study the causes of pediatric pneumonia in five to ten countries, using modern diagnostics and methods to guide vaccine and treatment development. This effort could help prevent many pneumonia deaths and develop tools to tackle even more cases.
Researchers found that H2RA therapy was effective in preventing and treating low-dose aspirin-induced peptic ulcers, while PPIs showed similar results. Cytoprotective anti-ulcer drugs were ineffective in preventing peptic ulcers. The study suggests a therapeutic strategy for managing this condition.
Researchers found that spasm of the esophageal smooth muscle may trigger myocardial ischemia, leading to chest pain. The combination of these tests is significant for differential diagnosis, especially with foregut symptoms, and is cost-effective for patients from developing countries.
Researchers have developed a new drug delivery technology that targets cancer cells specifically, leaving surrounding healthy cells intact. The technology utilizes tiny bubbles containing therapeutic drugs to deliver medication directly to cancer cells, enhancing treatment effectiveness and reducing side effects.
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine found that bacteria causing urinary tract infections produce compounds called siderophores to steal iron from their hosts. These tools provide a potential way to target bad strains of bacteria for eradication without affecting good strains. The discovery could lead to new treatment...
Research shows that coffee cultivation under shade trees can preserve forest plant and animal diversity in areas with deforestation. In contrast, growing coffee in forests leads to a decline in species richness of forest birds. This study highlights the importance of sustainable land use practices in conserving biodiversity.
The Call to Action program aims to foster efficient and effective collaboration among local governments in Northeast Ohio. Kent State's Center for Public Administration and Public Policy will provide technical assistance to support the effort.
Chronic ethanol feeding inhibits nuclear proteasome activity, altering epigenetic mechanisms and gene expression. Proteasome inhibition also affects the remethylation pathway, leading to decreased histone acetylation and increased betainehomocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) enzyme.
Researchers discovered that African forests are increasing in tree carbon stocks by an amount equal to the weight of a small car each year. This suggests that extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could be acting as fertilizer, but other factors like human occupation and past disturbance may also be at play.
A team of CU-Boulder students and professionals will operate the Kepler spacecraft from launch, monitoring onboard systems and uploading commands twice a week. The mission aims to identify small, rocky planets in habitable zones, fueling growing excitement among space scientists.
A team of researchers found that the malaria parasite breaks down essential amino acid arginine to trigger a more deadly phase of the disease. By depleting this substance, the parasite may be able to 'switch off' human immune functions that threaten its survival.
Research links fast food establishments to increased stroke risk in neighborhoods, with a 1% relative risk for each restaurant. The study suggests targeting areas with high fast-food presence for prevention programs.
The 2008 financial crisis has radically transformed the business information landscape, with senior information managers seeking to add value and manage costs. The survey found that companies are pushing for more strategic management of their information services, with a focus on appraising how to add value and managing vendors.
Researchers found that fruit fly females' genes are activated similarly to an immune reaction when they mate, leading to a heightened defense system. The cost of mating is also revealed to be high, as females produce fewer offspring due to male harassment and toxic sperm fluid.
Climate scientist Andrew Dessler explains that warmer temperatures lead to higher humidity, causing additional warming through the water vapor feedback mechanism. This process is responsible for significant predicted warming over the next century, with potential devastating long-term consequences.
Researchers found that young children with multiple injury-related ED visits are more likely to be reported to Child Protective Services than those with only one visit. Physicians should consider inadequate supervision as a cause of multiple injuries and provide interventions to help parents reduce injuries.
Reducing both nitrogen and phosphorus is crucial to alleviate eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. Policymakers must adopt holistic approaches to address the root causes of pollution, as single-nutrient reduction strategies can lead to downstream problems.
A new experimental therapy combining ultrasound and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has shown to be more effective than tPA alone in treating ischemic stroke, according to a recent study. The treatment, which involves tiny gas-filled microspheres activated by ultrasound waves, helped restore blood flow and improve patient outcomes.
A study suggests that measuring intra-abdominal pressure can help predict abdominal compartment syndrome in acute pancreatitis patients. The research team recommends IAP monitoring for patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) to prevent mortality.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have created a nanoscale one-stop shop for electronics that can yield transistors two nanometers in size. This breakthrough has potential applications for high-density memory devices, sensors and computer processors, and could pave the way for more advanced technologies.
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that indoor particulate matter pollution is associated with a significant increase in asthma symptoms among children. Fine particles were also linked to an increase in wheezing and respiratory issues.
Researchers at Lehigh University have developed a catalyst that can directly produce hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen, reducing the need for large quantities and high concentrations. The gold-palladium nanoparticles catalyst enables the on-site production of H2O2 in smaller quantities and more desirable concentrations.
The study found that average installed costs of US solar PV systems decreased significantly from $10.50 to $7.60 per watt between 1998 and 2007, with a 3.5% annual reduction in real dollars.
Research found that microbes evolved to add oxygen to ammonia, producing nitrate, around 2.5 billion years ago. This marks the beginning of the aerobic nitrogen cycle, which is crucial for life today.
The rapid decline of Diporeia due to quagga mussel invasion in Lake Michigan has significantly impacted the lake's food web. Fish populations are facing reduced food options as quagga mussels displace more energy-rich prey sources.
A study by researchers at the University of Illinois reveals that RIG-I, a cellular protein, can detect viral RNA and trigger an immune response in every cell type. The protein uses two major parts to distinguish between viral and self-RNA, using a unique 'triphosphate' tag.
New research methods developed by Dr Peter Davis aim to better understand the complex realities of chronic poverty, affecting millions worldwide. The conference in Washington DC will engage policymakers and stakeholders from the US and internationally to formulate a policy agenda to address this issue.
Researchers found a reversible diode made from the material, allowing current flow in one direction under certain conditions and in the opposite direction under different conditions. The material also generates current when light falls on it, making it a potential candidate for future solar cells.
Researchers identified two molecules, yersiniabactin and salmochelin, that enable E. coli to survive and reproduce by stealing iron from their hosts. This discovery presents a potential way to selectively eradicate pathogenic E.coli strains without affecting beneficial ones.
Researchers discovered that ancestors of Volvox algae transitioned to multicellularity at least 200 million years ago. This finding provides insights into the evolution of complex life forms, highlighting the importance of cooperation among cells in overcoming conflicts that hinder collective growth and reproduction.
A new study published in BMC Public Health found that cervical cancer incidence varies among geographical areas in Southeast England, with higher rates in more deprived areas. The research analyzed data on 2,231 cases of cervical cancer diagnosed between 2001 and 2005, revealing dramatic variations within regions.
A systematic review of high-quality trials found exercise to be significantly effective in preventing new episodes of low-back problems. Meanwhile, popular prevention methods such as reduced lifting programs and ergonomic interventions were ineffective.
A Kansas State University marketing professor says online shopping will borrow from Second Life, allowing shoppers to interact with virtual avatars and purchase items in a social setting. The future of e-commerce may also involve mobile devices, with research suggesting that gaming and chat features are key to attracting young customers.
Researchers at the University of Bath found that around nine out of ten men could be categorized as active or sedentary depending on which guidelines were followed. This inconsistency in physical activity guidelines may prevent people from taking the message that being active can make a huge difference to their health.
A comprehensive set of insurance, payment, and system reforms could guarantee affordable health insurance coverage, improve health outcomes, and slow the growth of health spending. The report recommends creating a national insurance exchange, aligning incentives with value and cost control, and promoting patient-centered care.
Researchers at University of California, Berkeley and University of Massachusetts Amherst developed a new technique to self-assemble nanoscale elements, enabling densities 15 times higher than previous methods. This approach could lead to improved data storage capacity and energy-efficient applications.
A multicenter study led by Johns Hopkins shows that an experimental clot-busting treatment can increase survival rates and improve function in patients with intracranial hemorrhage, a lethal form of stroke. After six months, about 10% had no lingering disability and 40% were independently caring for themselves.
The Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS) aims to provide invaluable research and data on environmental threats such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and climate change in Southeast Asia. The centre will also embark on outreach and education programmes to spark interest in earth sciences among students.
BioSET and Brookhaven Lab have patented a synthetic peptide, B2A, that enhances bone growth in spine fusion surgeries. The peptide is used in a combination medical device called AMPLEX, which has shown promising results in preclinical studies.
Researchers found black gold bubbles in sunlight reflections on the ocean's surface, revealing a new technique to detect oil seeps. This method could provide timely and cost-effective means to survey oceans for oil spills and monitor human-induced releases.
A team of scientists recommends a two-pronged approach to managing nutrient pollution, which includes reducing both phosphorus and nitrogen inputs along the land-to-ocean continuum.
A new website allows scientists to collaborate on bacterial strain identification through multilocus sequence analysis. The database grows in size and utility as taxonomists add their isolates, enabling electronic taxonomy.
Researchers have identified a way for the brain to compensate for problems with neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, opening up new treatment options for addiction, depression, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. The discovery was made using fruit flies with a genetic mutation that disrupted monoamine neurotransmitter rel...
A study found that about 64% of US hospitals did not give tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to Medicare patients between 2005 and 2007. The researchers also discovered that 40% of the US population resides in a county without a hospital that provides tPA treatment.
A recent gamma-ray burst observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is the most extreme recorded to date, with energies exceeding those of 9,000 ordinary supernovae. The blast's tremendous power and speed make it a significant finding in the field of gamma-ray bursts.
A new study by Queen's University reveals that Canadian long-term care facilities are not meeting recommended standards for infection prevention and control. The findings highlight a lack of essential activities, including surveillance and control measures, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and financial expense.
The Parkinson's Disease Foundation has awarded $300,000 in emergency bridge funding to four leading scientists working on novel research projects. The grants will support studies focused on improving gastrointestinal motility and targeting alpha-synuclein protein misfolding, among others.
Researchers discovered protein Bud14 inhibits formin interactions, regulating actin filament length. This discovery advances understanding of cell division and development, with implications for human health conditions such as infertility and deafness.
Researchers found a specific gene mutation that increases the risk of adverse side effects from immunosuppressive drugs used in kidney transplants. The study suggests a genetic approach to personalized screening and drug dosing could reduce toxicity and rejection risk in pediatric patients.
The shift of clinical trials to developing countries raises questions about the scientific value and ethical implications for patients in the US. Researchers found that over half of study sites were outside the US borders, and companies were testing drugs in emerging markets without aligning with local health needs.
A new study by Duke University Medical Center reveals that delayed treatment for heart attacks using drugs alone is as effective as treatment with stents, offering a cheaper and less invasive option. The research found modest benefits in reducing chest pain but no long-term quality of life difference between the two approaches.
A Johns Hopkins engineer is working on coaxing human stem cells to form new blood vessels that could replace damaged tissue in people with heart disease and other illnesses. The researcher, Sharon Gerecht, aims to understand the molecular signals that cause stem cells to differentiate into blood vessels.
New findings show that marine life closest to unexploded bombs from WWII-era vessel USS Killen have high levels of carcinogenic materials. Data gathered since 1999 indicates a significant correlation between the proximity of corals, sea urchins, and other marine species to munitions and elevated cancer rates among local residents.
A recent study published in General Dentistry suggests that childhood chicken pox caused by varicella zoster virus can lead to osteonecrosis of the jaw, a condition characterized by severe bone damage and tooth loss. The virus may also cause vision loss and other oral health problems if activated decades later.
Astronomers have identified a new type of dwarf galaxy, formed out of pristine gas without dark matter. Led by Johns Hopkins University, the discovery was made using the Galaxy Evolution Explorer and suggests that these galaxies may be common throughout the early universe.
A large-scale study and clinical trial suggest that incorporating genetic data into warfarin prescribing can lead to more accurate ideal dosages, particularly for patients at the extremes of the dosage range. This could help minimize dangerous complications and improve treatment effectiveness and safety.
Sandra Faber is being honored for her extraordinary advances in understanding the properties of distant galaxies, dark matter, large-scale structure, and black holes. Her innovative leadership has driven significant discoveries in modern cosmology, including the role of dark matter in galaxy formation.
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The new ultrasound technology, SCAN, uses non-invasive imaging to assess bone quality and predict fracture risk. It also assists in healing fractures by stimulating bone regeneration, making it a cost-effective and accessible tool for healthcare providers.