A new study found that infliximab was effective at preventing endoscopic, clinical and histological postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. The treatment significantly reduced the rate of endoscopic recurrence (9.1%) compared to placebo (84.6%).
A study using twin data revealed that genetic factors play a significant role in linking sleep problems to later depression in young children. The stability of sleep problems across time is mainly caused by genetic influences, while non-shared environmental influences dominate the development of depressive symptoms.
Researchers at Mount Sinai Hospital have developed a new technology tool called DyNeMo that analyzes breast cancer tumors to determine the best treatment options. The tool predicts patient recovery with over 80% accuracy and may be used to analyze other types of cancer.
Researchers have discovered a compound that targets four crucial metabolic pathways of the tuberculosis bacterium, weakening and destroying it. This approach could lead to the development of safer, single-drug treatments that eliminate the need for lengthy medication regimens.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine identified a key protein involved in pancreatic cancer growth. Blocking its expression slowed or prevented tumor growth in mice and made cultured cancer cells vulnerable to low oxygen conditions.
A recent study published in SLEEP found that inflammation may be the underlying mechanism linking extreme sleep durations to poor health. Short and long sleep durations were associated with changes in inflammatory cytokines, including C-reactive protein and interleukin-6.
A tropical, freshwater turtle fossil discovered in Arctic Canada supports the idea of animals migrating from Asia to North America across a freshwater sea floating on top of the warm, salty Arctic Ocean. The find suggests a rapid influx of carbon dioxide led to a super-greenhouse effect creating extraordinary polar heat.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered that electrostatic interactions alone can give rise to helical shapes in molecules, shedding light on how nature generates chirality. Their work shows that this phenomenon is a result of simple interactions and has implications for understanding complex phenomena.
The study found that many schools have improved the nutritional quality of their meals, but there is still much work to be done. Schools need to reduce the availability of high-calorie, low-nutrient foods and make school meals more nutritious.
A study found that daytime functional impairments in older men with obstructive sleep apnea are largely explained by total sleep time rather than OSA severity. Total sleep time was also associated with measures of sleep disturbances and quality of life.
A team of scientists found that a single gene is enough for bacteria to switch from one host animal to another. The study, published in Nature, reveals the genetic pressure point that could be manipulated to thwart germs that make us sick.
Research suggests that stress can increase the production of proteins that support tumor growth and angiogenesis in aggressive melanoma cells. Beta-blocker medications may slow this process, offering potential improvements for patients' quality of life.
Stevens Institute of Technology has been awarded a $850,672 National Science Foundation grant to support students pursuing degree programs in cybersecurity. The scholarship program will provide 11 two-year scholarships covering tuition and a stipend, requiring students to work for the government for at least two years after graduation.
Research presented at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine found no link between routine periodontal treatment and reduced preterm birth risk. Women are still advised to practice good oral hygiene, despite the lack of conclusive evidence.
A survey of tenure-track physicians at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine found that awareness and sensitivity to racial and ethnic diversity are poor among faculty, particularly those from underrepresented minorities. The study suggests that enhancing diversity remains a challenge for medical schools.
A 'hot spot' for toxic harmful algal blooms has been discovered off the Washington coast, where microorganisms can trigger harmful blooms that force shellfish bed closures.
Researchers found that increased temptation, such as sweets in a gym setting, can actually decrease desire for them. This counteractive self-control theory suggests the mind dampens desire to protect greater goals like good health. The study also applied this concept to other temptations like work and play.
Researchers at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center have found a potential new target for hypertension treatment in the brain's Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). By blocking one of its receptors, AT1Rs, ACE2 activity increased, normalizing impaired baroreceptor reflex function and blood pressure.
Research finds that genetic variation in progesterone receptor affects 17P treatment response, with predictive SNPs identified for African-American and non-African-American women. Progesterone treatment may be less effective in some women due to genetic predisposition.
A new study finds aggressive surgery followed by targeted radiotherapy is effective in treating a rare form of childhood brain cancer. The treatment improved event-free survival rates, with children under 3 years old showing excellent outcomes.
The team aims to enhance access and retention in quality HIV care for women of color by developing a web-based data entry and reporting platform. Recent HIV data highlights significant disparities among black and Hispanic women, who account for 82% of AIDS diagnoses despite making up only 24% of all US women.
Laurance and Lovejoy received the award for their contributions to understanding habitat fragmentation and global change impacts on tropical forests. Their work promotes conservation research in imperiled forests, inspiring decision-makers and the public to establish and conserve large, interconnected forest reserves vital to ecologica...
The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) has received tentative approval for a comprehensive stem cell training program, designed to cultivate the next generation of stem cell scientists. The three-year grant, totaling $3.9 million, will support six graduate students, six postdoctoral fellows, and four clinician-scientists.
The new supercomputer will help researchers better understand complex plasma effects in the ITER fusion reactor through advanced computer simulations. The HPC-FF system will be optimized for European fusion scientists' simulation programs and will provide 101 teraflop/s computing power.
Researchers discovered that small arteries at the brain's surface redirect and widen to maintain a constant blood supply after a stroke. The mesh-like vascular network enables the arteries to compensate for reduced blood cell velocity by increasing diameter, ensuring steady delivery of oxygen and nutrients.
A team of researchers from the University of Alaska Fairbanks and other institutions will examine successful life stories of indigenous youth in four circumpolar communities. The project aims to share knowledge and expertise within these communities, guided by community members, to inform ways to address challenges and promote resilience.
Researchers discovered clofazimine's potential to treat autoimmune diseases by inhibiting the Kv1.3 potassium channel. The findings suggest a new approach to treating conditions like multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and type 1 diabetes.
The University of California, Irvine has received a $3.3 million grant to expand its stem cell training program, which will attract top talent and develop more physician-scientists engaged in stem cell research. The program will train researchers to cross disciplines and develop new disease treatments.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed an automated image screening process to distinguish breast cancer cells from normal cells. The technique, which uses computer software and microscopy, has shown promise in correctly identifying invasive breast cancer cells in 83% of tumor specimens.
Researchers detected distinct protein differences between IVF and spontaneous pregnancies in the first half of gestation, including extra-cellular matrix, cytoskeletal, vascular proteins. Most differences disappeared by 19 weeks, but pregnancy-specific glycoprotein-1 remained significantly different.
Scientists found that natural iron fertilization enhanced phytoplankton growth and productivity in the Southern Ocean, leading to two to three times more carbon export to the deep ocean. The research suggests that ocean islands are a key source of iron for these blooms.
The American Heart Association advises consumers to aim for at least 5-10% of energy from omega-6 PUFAs, which may reduce cardiovascular risk and lower the risk for heart disease events by 24%. Omega-6 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties, dispelling concerns of increased inflammation and cardiovascular risk.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a novel method to accelerate bone growth using nanotubes and stem cells, which could lead to quicker recovery times for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. The new method uses mesenchymal stem cells placed on top of titanium oxide nanotubes to control cell differentiation into osteoblasts.
A study found that measuring lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness can predict uterine scar defects and anticipate high-risk patients for subsequent uterine rupture. Women with full LUS thickness under 2.3mm and single-layer muscular closure are at increased risk.
Researchers achieve semisynthesis of homogeneous glycoproteins, a complex task in biomedical studies. They used a novel strategy to synthesize ribonuclease C, a glycosylated bovine pancreatic enzyme with a unique sugar component.
Researchers have discovered that an acid produced when garlic decomposes is responsible for its potent antioxidant activity. This finding could explain why garlic has been used as a herbal medicine for centuries and may provide insight into its medicinal benefits.
Researchers at UCLA School of Public Health have found evidence that perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs), used in household items and manufacturing processes, may be linked to infertility in women. Women with higher levels of PFOS and PFOA in their blood took longer to become pregnant.
Research suggests that people with bipolar disorder are at a higher risk of premature death from medical conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. The study found that the risk is similar for men and women, with endocrine problems also contributing to the increased mortality rate.
A new intervention method has been shown to significantly reduce binge drinking among college students. The MIF (motivational interviewing with feedback) intervention includes a personalized feedback profile and a 45-minute counseling session, resulting in a 5.26 drink reduction per week among participants. The study found that this ap...
A recent review summarizes studies refuting the claim of a vaccine-autism link, instead attributing symptoms to coincidental timing or other factors. Immunization rates are crucial in preventing outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases.
Researchers at Helmholtz Zentrum München sequenced sorghum's genome, gaining insights into its drought tolerance and C4 photosynthesis. The analysis provides new information on the evolution of crop plant genomes.
Researchers at Yale University have identified misfolded proteins in the urine of pregnant women as a potential cause of preeclampsia. The discovery, made using proteomics and a novel dye test, offers a new approach to early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
A University of Illinois study finds that single mothers' education is crucial in creating a nurturing home environment, followed by employment in standard daytime hours or flexible jobs. Stable day shifts with flexibility allow mothers to spend more time with their children and form an attachment.
Combining drugs that protect neurons with those targeting memory may be key to treating neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers at the Medical College of Georgia are exploring novel drug candidates that target specific disease targets and improve cognition, reaction time and attention.
University of Michigan researchers are using mathematical modeling to develop a more complete understanding of how cancer develops and interacts with its environment. This approach has led to new insights into the complex signaling pathways involved in cancer growth and metastasis.
In a speed-dating study, researchers found that men and women were equally skilled at gauging romantic interest, but women's deceptive behavior made it harder for observers to judge their interest accurately. The study suggests that evolutionary theory predicts women to be more coy or deceptive in dating environments.
A new technique developed at the University of Toronto is being used to test the effectiveness of clean-up efforts for contaminated groundwater. Using Compound Specific Isotope Analysis, researchers can determine if biodegradation is taking place by analyzing the ratio of carbon isotopes in the contaminants.
Dr. Ting Yu's article reviews recent progress in studies focused on early-stage disentanglement (ESD) of quantum systems, a phenomenon that can degrade correlation between qubits due to environmental noise. The research has significant implications for the development of quantum information science and technology.
Researchers have identified two new classes of chemicals that can be used to study and possibly manipulate a cellular pathway involved in many types of cancer and degenerative diseases. These compounds target the Wnt protein pathway, which plays a crucial role in embryonic development and tissue maintenance.
Recent sports technology advancements aim to bridge the gap between able-bodied athletes and para-athletes. Prosthetic innovations like carbon blades have shown significant advantages in sprinting mechanics data, allowing double transtibial amputees to deliver comparable performance levels with lower metabolic costs.
A four-year prospective cohort study will examine the cognitive and affective consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Iraq and Afghanistan-era veterans. The study aims to provide evidence-based understanding of TBI's impact on veterans' quality of life, health care use, and community participation.
Research reveals that tobacco companies in South Korea have been deliberately targeting girls and young women with marketing campaigns, using tactics such as associating smoking with body image and female emancipation. The study calls for stricter regulations and public education to combat the rise in female smoking rates.
Two studies found that exercise significantly improves quadriceps strength and function after knee replacement, while certain activities increase risk of osteoarthritis. Rehabilitation targeting impaired areas is essential for optimal recovery.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine identified a gene that controls protein translation in microscopic worms, allowing them to survive in low-oxygen environments. This discovery has implications for conditions like stroke, heart attack, and cancer, and may lead to new therapies for preventing cell death from hypoxia.
A recent study suggests that the Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda could support a large lion population, with estimates suggesting up to 905 individuals. The research, led by University of Wisconsin-Madison professor Adrian Treves, used aerial surveys and prey data to predict lion abundance.
Researchers found that women who experienced complications due to hypertension in their first pregnancies are at a higher risk of hypertension after pregnancy. The study, conducted on over 11 million women, also showed that each subsequent affected pregnancy compounds the risks.
The European Union's decision to allow orlistat to be sold OTC may not be beneficial for the public due to its limited effect on obesity management. The drug's high cost, approximately £1.47 per day in England, adds false credibility to quick fixes, highlighting the need for long-term lifestyle changes.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences highlights the need for improved understanding of ecosystem interactions and long-term data collection. The authors warn that current approaches are limited by discipline-bound thinking and lack a full description of the complex biophysical and social systems.
A new study on stickleback fish found that followers play a crucial role in good leadership and that individuals adopt roles based on social feedback. The researchers showed that each member of a pair influences the other's behavior, leading to dynamic leadership emergence.
Researchers at MIT have identified two genes that are altered in the brains of animals with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias. The study found that regulating these CalDAG-GEF molecules could have therapeutic value for treating the involuntary movements associated with Parkinson's disease.