Researchers at Duke University have found a new mechanism of bone formation that works without inducing bone breakdown, suggesting a targeted approach to fighting osteoporosis and other degenerative bone diseases. The discovery involves the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway and beta-arrestin molecule.
A study of 120,000 children from 1997-2006 found that improved air quality was associated with a decrease in frequent otitis media cases. The findings suggest that cleaner air may have direct health benefits, particularly for vulnerable populations like children.
A Florida State University researcher has discovered two pools of histones: one stable for long-term DNA packaging and another rapidly degraded to ensure protein regulation. This finding may lead to new ways to fight cancer and other diseases by manipulating protein regulation.
A new study found that obese children are more likely to experience major and minor respiratory complications after surgery to correct sleep disordered breathing. The likelihood of these complications increases with body mass index and in boys.
A new study found that pneumococcal vaccines for otitis media in children have not curbed the rate of complications, with lateral sinus thrombosis and epidural abscesses being common issues. The research, presented at the AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting, suggests a shift in focus from treating complications to understanding what may arise.
Researchers found that Cupriavidus metallidurans catalyzes gold biomineralization by transforming toxic compounds to metallic gold. The bacterium plays a key role in the formation of gold nuggets by accumulating and reducing toxic gold complexes.
A recent study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that home healthcare nurses are at risk of needlestick-type injuries, with nearly 10,000 reported annually. The study also revealed a correlation between stressful household conditions and increased risk of needlesticks.
The American Association for Cancer Research is honoring two leading breast cancer researchers, Robert Weinberg and Charles Perou, at the 32nd annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. The symposium will feature research on metastasis, genetic technology, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
Researchers at University Hospitals Case Medical Center found that African Americans with non-small cell lung cancer have a lower frequency of drug-sensitizing genetic mutations, which may impact response to EGFR inhibitor drugs. The study highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches based on ethnicity and genetic variation.
A $2.2 million NIH grant will enhance the lab's ability to rapidly detect protein clumps in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases using a new high-resolution electron microscope. This technology will also enable researchers to study molecular motors in flagella, leading to a better understanding of these diseases.
Researchers at the University of Utah developed three new iPhone apps to help scientists, students, and doctors study human anatomy and analyze medical images. AnatomyLab allows users to dissect a cadaver in 40 layers, while ImageVis3D Mobile enables interactive 3-D visualization of large data sets.
The American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America will present scholarships to recognize outstanding students' achievements in agronomy, soil science, and crop science. The awards will be presented at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings in Pittsburgh.
A study published in The Lancet Oncology found that immunodeficiency increases the risk of multiple cancers in HIV patients. Lower CD4 counts were linked to higher risks of certain cancers, while antiretroviral therapy reduced this risk. Effective cancer screening programs are recommended for HIV-positive individuals.
Researchers will analyze fine and ultrafine particles in air pollution using the $400,000 AirCARE 2 laboratory. The study aims to understand how pollutant particles exacerbate pre-existing respiratory and cardiovascular disease.
The UC Davis program aims to develop methods to associate probabilities with forensic evidence, particularly in bullet matching and duct tape analysis. Researchers will create a bullet-matching database using confocal microscopy and identify key characteristics for comparison.
A new study reveals that people with coeliac disease are at risk of developing osteoporosis due to an immune system attack on their bone tissue. Researchers have identified a protein called osteoprotegerin as the target of this attack, leading to rapid bone destruction and severe osteoporosis.
Four national groups of surgeons recommend changes in resident environment, including a reduction of duty-hours standards proposed in 2003. The changes aim to balance patient care and surgical education needs.
A new study found that buying green products can set up moral credentials, leading people to behave more selfishly. Researchers discovered that participants who bought green products were more likely to lie and steal than those who purchased conventional products.
The University of Oklahoma is developing a guide, workshop materials, and a training program for effective transportation project management strategies. The program will utilize innovative approaches, methods, and tools for successful outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Arizona have performed experiments that show classical chaos exists in the quantum world, revealing new signatures of chaos and entanglement. The team manipulated individual laser-cooled cesium atoms to mimic a textbook example of chaos, demonstrating dynamic stability and erratic behavior.
A new study by RAND Corporation finds that restricting fast-food chain restaurants in South Los Angeles may not address the main reasons for high obesity rates. The region's dense small food stores and high-calorie snack availability contribute more to residents' diets than fast-food establishments.
Research found racial differences in individual behaviors do not fully explain marked disparities in HIV infection prevalence. Social factors such as exposure to the virus through racially segregated mixing patterns and poverty contribute to these differences. The US response to the epidemic has failed to control the spread of HIV amon...
Researchers found a strong correlation between a genetic mutation of anti-oxidant enzymes and age-related hearing loss, with patients exhibiting the mutation being three times more likely to develop ARHL. The study also revealed no association between the NAT2 gene and ARHL.
Area-wide traffic calming schemes have been shown to be effective in reducing traffic-related injuries and deaths in high-income countries. However, more research is required to determine their effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries, where the situation is expected to worsen over the next decade.
A study of 8-year-old children whose mothers ate large amounts of liquorice when pregnant found they performed worse in cognitive tests and had poor attention spans. The researchers linked this to the glycyrrhizin in liquorice, which may impair the placenta and allow stress hormones to cross to the baby.
The new study aims to identify more accurate HDL biomarkers that can predict cardiovascular disease risk. The research team will examine blood samples from individuals to uncover the key role of 'good cholesterol' (HDL) in preventing heart disease.
The NIDCR launched the FaceBase Consortium to systematically compile biological instructions for constructing the middle region of the human face and define genetics underlying developmental disorders. A comprehensive database will be created to enable scientists to mine information and accelerate research.
A new polymer has been developed that can deliver genetic cargo into cells and track its movement using luminescence and magnetic resonance imaging. This breakthrough could lead to more specific and targeted treatments for diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
The University of Washington's Automobili Lamborghini Advanced Composite Structures Laboratory focuses on short-term industry-driven testing of new materials in real-world scenarios like bird strikes, lightning, and crashes. The lab aims to advance carbon fiber composite technologies for high-performance industries.
The NIST Small Business Information Security: The Fundamentals guide provides 10 necessary steps for small business security, including installing firewalls and backing up business data. By following these steps, small businesses can reduce their vulnerability to cyber threats and protect sensitive information.
A new study published in The Lancet found that early treatment with glatiramer acetate can reduce the risk of progressing to 'full-blown' multiple sclerosis by almost half. The medication also showed efficacy in reducing MRI measures of disease activity and cumulative number of new lesions.
Researchers from BUSM found that the 940nm wavelength laser is more effective in treating facial telangiectasias due to its superior penetration of the dermis and slower heating of vessels. This results in less pain and side effects compared to the 532nm wavelength.
A recent study by researchers found that only people who engage in vigorous outdoor sports, like hiking and backpacking, tend to become supporters of mainline conservation groups. The typical backpacker gave $200 to $300 per year after a dozen-year lag. In contrast, casual woodland tourists do not support these causes.
A new research center exploring deep brain stimulation for OCD has been established at the University of Rochester Medical Center, thanks to a $10.5 million award from the National Institute of Mental Health. The center will link over 50 researchers studying how DBS affects people with OCD.
Researchers analyzed a fossilized tracksite in southern Africa, discovering how early dinosaurs adjusted their movements to cope with slippery and sloping terrain. The study provides insight into the later evolution of the group, highlighting differences in walking styles between ornithischians and theropods.
Nearly all oropharyngeal cancer patients develop obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after primary surgery and radiation/chemotherapy. The study found that 93% of patients with free flap reconstruction had OSA, while only one-third of those treated with radiation/chemotherapy had moderate or severe OSA.
A new MSU program aims to increase interest in STEM courses by providing mentorship, course counseling, and college preparation resources. The three-year initiative also includes a research component to improve understanding of educational requirements for various career paths.
A Tel Aviv University researcher recommends new guidelines for accessing biobanked children's DNA, emphasizing the need for safeguards against privacy risks and potential future discrimination. The approach aims to balance societal benefits with individual privacy rights.
A new Cochrane Systematic Review found that dynamic exercise programs improve aerobic capacity and muscle strength in RA patients. The study recommends routine practice of aerobic capacity training combined with muscle strength training as a standard treatment for RA.
A new technology using Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) enhances the ability to detect leukemia cells in bone marrow, increasing sensitivity by at least 10-fold. This improves minimal residual disease measurements and will determine more precisely the effect of chemotherapy.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered a potent new chemotherapy cocktail that inhibits breast cancer cell invasion by half. The mix of dasatinib and doxorubicin targets the Src kinase enzyme, believed to play a key role in breast cancer metastasis.
The study found that uncertainty regarding clinical effectiveness is a key issue in coverage decisions. The agencies make recommendations consistent with evidence on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness but other factors often play important roles.
A new coastland map produced by Durham University scientists charts the post Ice-Age tilt of the UK and Ireland, revealing areas at high risk of sea-level rises. The map helps local authorities target resources to areas where sea level rises will be greatest, saving money on defenses.
Researchers at MDC Berlin-Buch show that DNA methylation regulates the development of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells, with implications for cancer. The study found that manipulating DNA methylation levels can control the formation of specific blood cell lineages.
A study found that genetic variation of the CYP2D6 enzyme is associated with clinical outcomes for women treated with tamoxifen. Women with reduced or absent CYP2D6 function had higher breast cancer event rates and poorer survival rates compared to those with extensive metabolism.
Researchers explored how gene flow between cultivated sorghum and its weedy relatives impacts crop yields and diversity. Farmers in northern Cameroon actively limit gene flow through practices like eradicating weeds, but some unintentional practices still favor genetic exchange.
Researchers at McGill University Health Centre discovered a key molecule, GP63 protease, that neutralizes macrophages' defences and hinders the body's innate inflammatory immune response. The study provides a promising approach to treating leishmania as well as other infectious diseases.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a computer model to help colonoscopy facilities manage patient volume, physician staffing, and equipment usage. The model predicts optimal patient capacity and time spent in wait rooms, enabling efficiency gains and lower costs.
The article outlines seven key areas for improving spiritual care, including Spiritual Care Models and Training/Certification. The guidelines provide practical recommendations for implementing spiritual care in palliative care settings.
Despite a slight recovery in summer Arctic sea ice in 2009, the extent remains below previous years and on a trend leading to ice-free Arctic summers. Younger, thinner ice accounts for most of the cover, leaving it vulnerable to melt in coming summers.
Researchers found that combining herbal medicines with lifestyle changes can normalize blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of developing full-blown diabetes. The study of 16 clinical trials involving 1,391 participants showed a significant benefit in those who received herbal formulations.
Two studies suggest the nuclear envelope's permeability barrier reopens briefly after mitosis, allowing large proteins to enter the nucleus by passive diffusion. This dynamic process has important implications for cellular compartmentalization and genetic material regulation.
New research suggests that dirty stars with a high abundance of elements like iron and oxygen are more likely to host planets. The study's findings support the idea that the composition of a star reflects its disk, leading to an increased number of exoplanets around such stars.
Researchers mapped sand dune activity across northern China and found unexpectedly high levels of mobility and change between 8,000 to 11,500 years ago, a time period generally thought to have a wetter climate. The result suggests that common assumptions about the effects of future climate changes may be incorrect.
A recent Cochrane Systematic Review found no evidence that B-vitamin supplements can prevent heart attack, stroke, or death from cardiovascular disease. The review of 24,210 people showed that these supplements have no effect on the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Research at the AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting & OTO EXPO found that convertible drivers are exposed to high sound levels, with noise above 85Db causing permanent hearing loss. Raising car windows can significantly reduce exposure levels.
Willard Boyle shares Nobel Prize for co-invention of charged-couple device (CCD) with George E. Smith and Charles K. Kao. The CCD is a semiconductor circuit capable of sensing light and images, key technology behind digital photography.
The new NIST database on gas hydrates provides a comprehensive collection of data on the properties of these naturally occurring crystalline materials, which are a potential energy resource and may affect the Earth's climate. The database contains over 12,000 individual data points for 150 compounds and 400 different chemical systems.
Clemson University researchers are developing mathematical models to improve resolution in Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) for detecting smaller breast cancers. The method uses infrared and visible light to create high-resolution images without radiation, eliminating false positives and negatives.
Researchers find human activities like power plants emit harmful particles that speed up blue haze formation, affecting cloud formations and global climate. Blue haze can also exacerbate breathing problems for people with asthma or emphysema.