The 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccines have demonstrated a strong immune response in most healthy adults when administered in a single dose, with robust protection observed in both younger and older adults. The early data from clinical trials indicate that the vaccines are well-tolerated.
A recent study reveals that white working-class voters in the US reject Democratic candidates despite disliking Republican policies due to an 'appropriate' attitude toward personal wealth. This framework, marked by down-to-earth qualities and a perception of moral fiber, is more important than economic interests.
Multiple sclerosis patients taking TYSABRI reported significant improvements in both physical function and psychological well-being. After six TYSABRI infusions, patients experienced reduced symptoms and improved quality of life, as measured by the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29) and the 12-item Short Form Scale (SF-12).
A study of nearly 70,000 motor carrier drivers and over 83,000 non-motor-carrier drivers found that mandatory alcohol testing programs reduced alcohol involvement in fatal crashes by 23%. The study's findings suggest that implementation of such programs can improve safety records in the US and other countries.
The study reveals that Fbox proteins alternate between attaching to and being kicked off CRL1 by competing protein CAND1. This process is stabilized by the phosphorylated substrate N8, allowing for efficient degradation of aberrant proteins. The research highlights the importance of the proline residue in Fbox protein-CRL1 interaction.
SRI researchers conducted experiments to determine the risks associated with accidental hydrogen releases and subsequent combustion in a structure built to simulate a one-car garage. The study highlights important insights that will help consumers use hydrogen safely on a daily basis.
The Arctic ecosystem is experiencing rapid changes due to global warming, impacting natural resources, food production, and climate temperature. Many original species are being displaced by migrants from southern areas, leading to concerns about the long-term survival of vulnerable species such as Arctic foxes and ivory gulls.
The Richard E. Prange Prize, established by the University of Maryland's Department of Physics and Condensed Matter Theory Center, honors the late Professor Richard Prange's distinguished career. Philip W. Anderson, a pioneering theorist and Nobel laureate, is the inaugural recipient of the prize.
Researchers at McMaster University found that corpses of animals emit the same death stench, produced by specific fatty acids, which repels living relatives of insects. This ancient warning signal may have evolved to avoid disease and predators, with potential applications in pest control and immunity activation.
A new study reveals a molecular circuit involving heme that helps maintain proper metabolism in the body, providing insights into metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes. The research identifies Rev-erbα as a key player in regulating heme levels, which is crucial for maintaining energy balance.
A study of 499 patients with multiple sclerosis found that those using Avonex experienced significantly fewer injection site reactions, skin necrosis, and lipoatrophy than those on other interferon therapies. Additionally, more patients remained on Avonex over the one-year trial period.
A Mayo Clinic study has found two genes associated with good central nervous system repair in mice with multiple sclerosis. The identification of these genes may lead to the development of new therapies and a better prediction of patient outcomes.
The NRL's Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence has won two top awards at the IJCAI conference for its videos on transfer learning and gesture recognition. The winning videos showcase the lab's cutting-edge research in AI and robotics, with applications to naval missions.
Researchers say nations alone can't resolve global challenges like climate change, citing examples of ozone depletion and antibiotic resistance. They propose a new order of cooperative institutions to enforce compliance and address common threats.
The ERC is funding top researchers, including Sanna Lehtonen's group, to study the development of albuminuria and diabetic nephropathy. They aim to identify novel drug leads to treat insulin resistance and combat early stages of kidney disease.
The first results of the European survey show that breakthrough cancer pain episodes are frequent, short-lived, and intensely painful, with 96% described as moderate to severe. The study suggests that fast-acting pain relief routes like intranasal opioids could be more effective for BTCP, improving patient compliance.
Research by the University of Nottingham found that older people's muscles are less responsive to insulin, leading to increased muscle breakdown. Weight training has been shown to improve blood flow and potentially mitigate this effect. This blunting of muscle response may contribute to age-related muscle loss.
Researchers from Oregon State University create the most complete seismic image of the Earth's crust and upper mantle beneath the Himalayas. The study reveals unusual geologic features that help explain how the region has evolved and advances research on various fronts, including strain accumulation prior to large earthquakes.
A new study estimates that reducing Americans' average intake of sodium to recommended levels could save the nation $18 billion annually in avoided health care costs. Meeting national sodium guidelines could also eliminate 11 million cases of high blood pressure nationally and extend thousands of lives each year.
Despite extensive research, sustaining change in education remains a vexing problem. The researchers identified the difficulty of making lasting reform in various fields, such as education and business, due to human behavior like adapting practices over time. A working group will convene to grapple with these issues and explore a conce...
Researchers have developed a new method to detect early signs of oxidative stress in cancer, which can be used to tailor treatments. The method identifies sulfenic acid in proteins, a marker of oxidative stress, and reveals that different individuals and tumor types have unique redox profiles.
A recent study by the University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center found that only half of eligible patients with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation underwent surgery, despite meeting at least one indication for treatment. The study suggests that cardiologists may overestimate surgical risks and underestimate potential benefits.
Research published in BMC Medicine reveals children with low self-esteem and emotional problems are more likely to gain weight over 20 years. Early intervention strategies may help improve long-term physical health.
A new study found that bean plants' natural defenses against bacterial infections cause the bacteria to exchange DNA, potentially leading to the emergence of more pathogenic strains. This process could have significant implications for understanding the relationship between pathogens and their hosts.
The booklet summarizes a Public Policy Seminar discussing ways to capture the value of culture, media and sport. Experts highlight the need for more comprehensive methods to understand the impact of these sectors on society. The seminar aimed to develop a strategic evidence base for policy-relevant research.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health have found a mechanism that makes human pathogens like MRSA and anthrax resistant to numerous antibiotics. By eliminating the oxidative stress caused by many antibiotics, NO can be neutralized, rendering existing antibiotics more potent at lower doses.
A study published in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs found that 18 US colleges with significant student drinking problems showed little change in their alcohol habits over a decade. Persistent high levels of binge drinking and unhealthy behaviors, such as drunk driving and unprotected sex, were also unchanged.
A 70% vaccination rate in the US population, targeting children and high-risk groups, could slow pandemic H1N1 spread. Vaccination is more effective than social distancing measures in controlling the epidemic.
Research by the Universities of Exeter and Queensland shows that membership of social groups has a positive impact on health and well-being. Studies have found that people who maintain valued group memberships recover more positively after a stroke, are happier in care homes, and experience improved mental health.
Researchers at Weizmann Institute discovered a new protein partnership between TrkA and CCM2 that leads to pediatric tumor regression. This finding may lead to the development of drugs that induce tumor regression. The study found that TrkA and CCM2 are always expressed together in tumors with high regression rates.
A study by WCS field scientists found that a single road in the park can change how indigenous communities use their resources, leading to commercial hunting and wildlife depletion. The researchers recorded over 11,000 kilograms of wild meat moving through markets between 2005-2007, with prices increasing by up to 60%.
A new study found that 5% of Spanish waiters have stopped smoking, and those who continue to smoke consume fewer cigarettes. The law banning smoking in public places has significantly reduced nicotine exposure among workers.
Researchers have discovered that Fanconi anemia and breast cancer proteins are controlled by replication at DNA damage sites. This finding highlights a new paradigm for understanding the repair of DNA crosslinks in both FA and BRCA cancer proteins.
A new study uses genome sequencing to profile genetic diversity among M. ulcerans isolates, showing clonal relationships but distinct single nucleotide polymorphisms. The findings suggest a focal transmission pattern for Buruli ulcer, with local genetic variants not quickly spread over long distances.
Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) claim an estimated 1.2 million child lives annually. Effective vaccines exist but their use is limited in low-income countries. Implementing pneumococcal vaccine could save over 440,000 children's lives by 2015.
Researchers at Uppsala University have discovered that cellulose nanostructure from green algae can serve as an effective coating substrate for environmentally friendly batteries. The new material enables the production of lightweight batteries with high charge capacities.
Researchers have developed genetically modified pea seeds that produce antibodies against coccidiosis, reducing treatment costs and making it easier to use in commercial settings. The study found that chickens fed these antibody-containing pea seeds were significantly less likely to contract the disease.
A Barrow scientist has received a $400,000 grant to investigate Von Economo Neurons (VENs), cells potentially linked to quick decision making and social disabilities in autism. The research aims to understand the neural basis for human awareness and VENs' role in species evolution.
Researchers at UC Riverside found that second-hand cigarette smoke exposure can lead to fat accumulation in liver cells, causing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study highlights the potential for targeting molecular regulators SREBP and AMPK to develop new treatments for NAFLD.
Researchers found that the endothelin receptor plays a role in vaso-occlusive pain in sickle cell disease, with males more sensitized to pain. Females have more of the ETB receptor, which may explain better pain control and reduced sensitivity.
The Purdue-led NEEScomm Center will connect 14 research equipment sites and the earthquake engineering community through cyberinfrastructure, education, and outreach efforts. The center aims to develop better ways of reducing earthquake damage through improved materials, construction techniques, and monitoring tools.
Researchers found ancient flax fibers in a Georgia cave dated to around 34,000 years ago, providing evidence of an early human invention. The discovery suggests that early humans used these fibers for clothing, ropes, and baskets to aid survival and mobility in harsh conditions.
Hurricane Linda is expected to weaken due to cooler waters and wind shear, with a 10% opening in her eyewall revealed by NASA's Aqua satellite. The storm's maximum sustained winds near 85 mph are weakening, and tropical storm force winds extend out 140 miles from the center.
Studies estimate that pneumococcal disease caused about 826,000 deaths in children aged 1-59 months, while Hib disease caused around 371,000 deaths. These figures highlight the importance of effective interventions and vaccines to reduce child mortality and attain Millennium Development Goal 4
In a preliminary study, intravenous ketamine was found to acutely reduce suicidal thoughts in treatment-resistant depression patients. The reduction in suicidality was maintained when patients received repeated doses over two weeks, suggesting potential as an attractive treatment option for high-risk suicidal patients.
Research teams need more focused investigation into Arctic effects of global warming, particularly in early spring and winter.
Researchers highlight the need to study the indirect effects of climate change on plants, animals, and humans in the Arctic. The authors emphasize the importance of understanding the ecology of Arctic winters, conservation of ecosystems, and the impact of extreme events.
A study led by MSU researcher Kimberly Fenn found that sleep helps reduce false memories and improve performance in individuals with poor memory, including seniors. This suggests that sleep strengthens the source of the memory, allowing for better recall and recognition.
The TCT 2009 symposium will feature a discussion on Electronic Health Records (EHR) and Personal Health Records (PHR), considering selection, implementation, and economics of these solutions. National experts will also address the implications of ARRA and healthcare reform on EHR.
Johns Hopkins researchers find two force-sensitive proteins, myosin II and cortexillin I, cooperate to sense cell shape disturbances and resculpt cells for smooth division. This discovery could lead to new targets for diagnosing and treating diseases like cancer.
The Arctic is experiencing dramatic biological responses to global warming, with many iconic species facing extinction due to loss of polar ice habitat. However, some species are adapting, such as reindeer that benefit from melting snow, while others, like caribou, are declining in numbers.
A new biomarker test has been developed to predict the effectiveness of antidepressant medication in patients with major depression, allowing for quick switching to more effective treatments. The test measures changes in brain-wave patterns and showed an accuracy rate of 74%.
The study reveals that nearly two-thirds of adolescent deaths in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia occurred, despite these regions containing only 42% of the global 10—24-year-old population. Traffic accidents and violence were among the leading causes of death, with more than half of all deaths due to injuries or violence.
The International Conference on Endothelin presented promising results for new endothelin receptor antagonist drugs, which may benefit conditions like kidney disease and pulmonary hypertension. However, challenges in determining the best treatment approach and addressing potential side effects must be overcome.
A University of Washington Seaglider achieved a record-breaking 9-month, 5-day mission in the Pacific Ocean, covering over 3,050 miles under its own power. The vehicle, propelled by its shape and dive maneuvers, surpassed previous endurance records for autonomous underwater vehicles.
Researchers found that obese children with larger waists are more likely to develop risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including high triglycerides and low HDL levels. Routine waist measurements may help identify which children are at a greater risk of developing the warning signs of cardiovascular disease.
Researchers have found RNA interference (RNAi) in budding yeast species, including Saccharomyces castellii and Candida albicans. The discovery opens up new possibilities for studying RNAi and its potential applications in human diseases, research, industry, and pharmaceuticals. This breakthrough also highlights the importance of collab...
Researchers at Cornell University created a simple solar cell using a single-walled carbon nanotube, which converts light to electricity in an extremely efficient process. The device produces more electrical current with higher levels of photon energy.
The global average annual rate of reduction in under-5 mortality has increased from 2000-2008 compared to 1990-2000. However, the world is still far from achieving Millennium Development Goal 4, with many regions not on track to meet the target.
Researchers from the University of Leicester have shown that exchange of DNA occurs between the X and Y chromosomes, potentially giving the Y chromosome a way to fix mutations. The study challenges scientific theory that the X and Y chromosomes did not communicate at all.