Scientists have developed a way to train proteins to line up neatly on the surface of water in thin layers called nanofilms. This technique should allow biochemists to better see and study the molecules, leading to new generations of molecular electronics and ultra-thin materials.
Scientists successfully observed extensive nerve cell death in zebrafish with a severe form of Alzheimer's disease, enabling targeted search for drugs to stop dementia. This breakthrough allows for the testing of drugs on living organisms.
A new study by researchers from the University of Melbourne and others has found that all octopuses possess venomous capabilities, with a common ancient ancestor producing specialized proteins. The team's findings also highlight the importance of cephalopod venoms in drug development for conditions such as pain management and allergies.
Researchers found that sugary drinks and tasteless carbohydrates can significantly improve endurance event performance. Athletes given glucose or maltodextrin drinks outperformed those on 'disguised' water by 2-3%.
A new study by Prof. Karen Avraham at Tel Aviv University has discovered that microRNAs are involved in the development of deafness, opening up new avenues for treatment and potential cure. The researchers found that microRNAs help regulate cell functions in the ear, and their loss can lead to progressive hearing loss.
Consuming a low-glycemic breakfast before exercise may boost fat oxidation during and after physical activity. A recent study found that this type of pre-exercise meal increased fat metabolism in sedentary individuals, potentially aiding in weight loss efforts.
A multicentre trial found that paracetamol improved functional outcomes in patients with ischaemic stroke and baseline body temperature of 37°C. The study suggests a potential benefit of paracetamol in reducing body temperature and improving outcome for patients with acute stroke in this specific temperature range.
Researchers tested a one-story masonry structure with clay masonry veneer to evaluate its seismic safety. The test, which simulated earthquakes of up to 8.0 magnitude, showed the building performed well despite minor damage during initial shaking.
A groundbreaking CSIRO study has defined the period when horses are most likely to shed Hendra virus, enabling early diagnosis and prevention of transmission. This breakthrough aims to reduce the risk of spread to both humans and susceptible horses.
Researchers at University of Gothenburg discover Fucus radicans, a new seaweed species formed less than 2,500 years ago. The study highlights the rapid formation of new species in the young and species-poor Baltic Sea ecosystem.
A study found that screening patients with type 2 diabetes for coronary artery disease (CAD) did not significantly reduce the rate of heart attacks or cardiac death. However, participants with normal results had lower event rates than those with abnormalities, suggesting the importance of appropriate diagnostic evaluation.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have created a 'family tree' of genes expressed in woody and herbaceous plants, uncovering clues for engineering plants more efficient for biofuel production. They identified 94 and 61 genes that may carry the genetic instructions for making enzymes controlling cell-wall modification.
A study found that severe hypoglycemic episodes are associated with an increased risk of dementia in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Patients who experienced multiple episodes had a significantly higher risk of developing dementia, with a cumulative effect sizeable.
Researchers at Argonne's Leadership Computing Facility are continually seeking ways to further reduce the power needed to operate supercomputers. By leveraging the Chicago area's cold climate to chill water used for cooling, they save up to $25,000 per month in electricity costs. The team is also experimenting with varying chilled wate...
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered that insulin processing, rather than genetic factors, plays a crucial role in determining how cells store fat. The study used single-cell profiling techniques to examine the relationship between insulin signaling and fat storage in genetically identical cells.
A pilot study is testing the effectiveness of text messaging as a medium for delivering HIV prevention education to at-risk teens. The study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, uses a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-approved curriculum and involves sending text, image, and video material to teen participants.
A new imaging technology uses specially designed dye-containing nanoparticles to simultaneously monitor changes in two intracellular proteins in cancer cells. This could provide a better picture of what's happening in individual tumor cells and potentially improve diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers have found that AMG 479, a fully human monoclonal antibody, can reduce pancreatic cancer cell growth by approximately 80 percent in vitro and in vivo studies. The inhibitor specifically targets the insulin-like growth factor receptor, showing promise for future clinical trials.
The study found that statin use is associated with a significant reduction in stroke risk, with each 1 mmol/L decrease in LDL cholesterol resulting in a relative risk reduction of 21%. Statins also have additional benefits for cardiovascular health, including lowering blood pressure and reducing inflammation.
Researchers found that the 'caustic curve' shape, seen in sunlight reflections on water or boat hulls, is connected to gravitational lensing effects in distant galaxies. The discovery could enable scientists to map dark matter clumps using caustic violations.
Scientists can now study coronal mass ejections in 3D, predicting their impact on Earth. This capability will improve forecasts for space weather disturbances and aurora displays.
Researchers confirm the existence of three separate Neanderthal sub-groups in Western Europe, southern Europe, and the Levant, with a fourth group found in western Asia. The study suggests that climate conditions played a significant role in shaping the population's geographical distribution.
A MSU researcher has developed a working vaccine for Enterotoxigenic E. coli, responsible for 60% of all E. coli diarrheal disease. The vaccine could save untold lives and also provide relief from post-operative complications such as paralytic ileus and urinary retention.
Researchers analyzed genetic data and found a high frequency of inbreeding among Habsburg rulers, leading to a significant increase in health problems and infant mortality. The study suggests that inbreeding was a major factor in the decline and eventual extinction of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty.
US Department of Homeland Security scientist Mark Nicas builds mathematical models of spittle dispersal to inform countermeasures against potential biological attacks and pandemics. His research aims to reduce the risk of infection transmission on airplanes and in other public spaces, advising people to sit at least three rows away fro...
A Rutgers study found that only 60% of Americans check their homes for recalled food products, and even fewer take action after finding a recall. The study suggests that personalizing communications about food recalls can increase consumer engagement.
A study found that stem cell transplantation significantly increased C-peptide levels and improved glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes, leading to prolonged insulin independence. The treatment has the potential to reverse type 1 DM in humans, but further studies are needed to confirm its role.
A study found that villages with wider mangroves experienced significantly fewer deaths than those without them during a 1999 super cyclone in India. Mangroves cut the death toll by about two-thirds.
A new study by OHSU School of Dentistry found that patients with self-ligating orthodontic brackets retained significantly fewer oral bacteria in plaque compared to those with elastomeric brackets. The researchers also developed a rapid and reliable method for quantifying oral bacteria using ATP-driven bioluminescence.
Researchers created a new method to estimate bleeding risk for heart attack patients using eight basic medical facts. The CRUSADE bleeding score assigns points to each factor, ranging from very low to high risk of bleeding.
Researchers found that largemouth bass vulnerability to being caught by anglers is influenced by genetic factors. The study showed that repeated catches increase an individual fish's susceptibility to angling, making it more vulnerable to future catches.
Research connects poor fitness to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), highlighting a crucial link between obesity-related illnesses. Exercise may potentially treat or prevent NAFLD by protecting against metabolic diseases.
A study found that routine screening of type 2 diabetics identifies a small group at higher risk, but doesn't significantly impact overall outcome, suggesting unnecessary screening may have economic implications and unnecessary procedures.
Researchers found that imagining a posture can affect behavior, suggesting that our 'peripersonal space' can be extended to influence actions. This ability may have advantages in determining realism and avoiding collisions.
Researchers at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed a non-invasive method to determine whether chemotherapy is working after a single treatment cycle, allowing oncologists to discontinue ineffective treatments sooner. This breakthrough enables faster decision-making and potentially improves patient outcomes.
The Nebraska Mathematics Department received the 2009 American Mathematical Society Award for an Exemplary Program or Achievement in a Mathematics Department. The department's innovative programs, such as mentoring women PhD students and promoting math education, have had a profound effect on the discipline.
Researchers create a line of patented foam-like and environmentally friendly polymers called clay aerogel composites, which can take on various shapes and sizes. The materials have potential applications in insulation, electronics, and other industries.
Researchers discovered Nosema ceranae, a Microsporidia parasite, is the primary cause of honey bee colony depopulation syndrome in professional apiaries. Treating infected colonies with flumagillin resulted in complete recovery.
Researchers found a specialized nerve fiber in skin that transmits stroking signals directly to the brain, potentially explaining why touching can relieve pain. The study used microneurography to analyze nerve signals and found that increased frequency of these signals led to increased pleasantness.
A new study from the University of Washington found that people's understanding of rainy weather forecasts is hindered by misconceptions about probability and uncertainty. Researchers tested over 450 college students and found that many incorrectly assumed deterministic forecasts, leading to unnecessary precautions.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery in the treatment of bone injuries, using teriparatide to jumpstart the body's natural healing process. The study shows significant healing and pain control in patients with unhealed bone fractures, offering new hope for those with no effective treatment options.
A new analysis suggests that drastic emission cuts could stabilize climate change, saving Arctic ice and reducing sea level rise. Global temperatures would still rise, but the most dangerous impacts could be partially avoided with a 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have identified and visualized signaling pathways in protein-RNA complexes to understand how the genetic code is set in all organisms. The study uses molecular dynamics simulations and visualization software to analyze the optimal communication pathways, revealing modules and local communities ...
A new procedure using saline-infusion sonography allows doctors to visualize and diagnose diseases in the lining of the uterus, improving diagnosis accuracy. The study found that the procedure correctly diagnosed benign polyps and cancers more often than blind biopsies.
Pancreatic islet transplantation has been shown to improve glucose control and lead to insulin independence in some individuals with type 1 diabetes. However, obstacles remain, including limited engraftment and chronic immunosuppression.
Dana S. Scott, a renowned mathematician, has been awarded the Sobolev Institute Gold Medal for his fundamental contributions to contemporary logic and domain theory. He will receive the award at the Malt'sev Meeting in Novosibirsk, Russia.
A new study reveals that biofuels could hasten climate change due to the destruction of tropical rainforests. The study found that it will take over 75 years for carbon emissions saved through biofuel use to compensate for the carbon lost when these forests are converted into plantations.
A study by Michael D. Dodd and colleagues found that inhibition of return occurs during visual search tasks, but not during other visual behaviors. Volunteers were tracked while viewing scenes to identify eye movements, revealing a 'facilitation of return' effect where previously fixated locations are shifted faster than new ones.
Research finds that fast food and soft drinks contribute to childhood obesity, but paradoxically also reduce unhappiness. The study highlights the need for policies and programs that balance children's physical health with their emotional well-being.
Researchers found that soybean plants colonized with naturally occurring rhizobia had lower aphid densities than those with commercial or artificially fertilized plants. The plants produced the same level of nitrogen regardless of the type of rhizobia used, suggesting a potential tool for protecting plants from insect herbivory.
Researchers from Loyola University Health System warn that the surgical gel FloSeal may cause microcalcifications on mammograms after breast cancer surgery. The study highlights the need for caution when using FloSeal in lumpectomies to avoid misdiagnosis.
A new study reveals that farmers' overreliance on Roundup Ready crops and glyphosate-based herbicides is leading to the development of resistant weeds. Rotating crops and using different herbicides can slow down this process, extending the life of the technology.
A new study found that Frequent Mental Distress (FMD) prevalence varies significantly across the US, with high rates in Appalachian and Mississippi Valley regions and low rates in the upper Midwest. FMD prevalence increased by at least 1 percentage point in 27 states over two periods.
A new study from Ohio State University found that home tooth bleaching products reduce enamel hardness by 1.2-2 nanometers, affecting its ability to bounce back after force. Researchers suggest reformulating products to minimize side effects.
A study published in the Journal of Biogeography found that climate change may lead to longer bird migrations, with some species facing journeys of up to 250 miles longer. This could have significant consequences for birds' survival and ability to adapt.
Researchers have discovered different resistance mutations in east and west Africa, suggesting varying effectiveness of sulfadoxine as an antimalarial drug. Coordinating malaria control efforts across socioeconomically linked areas may be more effective in reducing the malaria burden across the continent.
A new North American study shows that starting antiretroviral treatment earlier significantly decreases the risk of death, with a reduction of up to 94% in patients who begin treatment before their CD4+ cell count falls below 500. This finding challenges traditional guidelines and may lead to changes in medical practice.
The University of Liverpool has secured funding to create a Knowledge Exploitation Laboratory, accelerating the transfer of research into industry. The lab will facilitate collaboration between academics and industrial partners, exploiting £43 million of EPSRC-funded research in molecular engineering, advanced manufacturing, and sensors.
A new tool has been developed to quickly assess how a particular school finance reform proposal might impact individual California school districts. The tool can be used to evaluate any formula that consolidates categorical funds and will be discussed at the American Educational Research Association meeting in San Diego.
Researchers found that feeling good encourages individuals to explore values inconsistent with their cultural norms, while feeling bad reinforces traditional stereotypes. This suggests that emotions play a significant role in shaping our cultural identities.