Researchers found evidence of preserved collagen, fibrous matrix, and microstructures in an 80 million-year-old hadrosaur fossil, similar to previous findings in a Tyrannosaurus Rex sample. The discovery supports the theory that molecules can be preserved over time in fossilized remains.
A new study found that men with moderate kidney disease have a 39% increased risk of developing cancer compared to those with normal kidney function. The risk is highest for lung and urinary tract cancers, but not prostate cancer. Maintaining kidney function may help prevent cancer in the general population.
A Kansas State University researcher has found that the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic virus and the current swine influenza virus are closely related, with the former adapting to pigs and resulting in the latter. The study suggests that pigs may have played a role in maintaining and spreading the virus.
A team of scientists from Canada, Spain and the US identified a key gene that allows plants to defend against environmental stresses like drought, freezing and heat. They discovered a receptor that activates abscisic acid (ABA), a hormone helping plants survive drought.
Researchers detected magnesium in Mercury's atmosphere during a MESSENGER flyby, surprising scientists with its distribution and abundance. The discovery is one clue to understanding the creation of the rocky planet closest to the sun.
A Michigan State University researcher has discovered a key hormone found in fat tissue that promotes tumor growth and cancer progression. Abdominal fat is associated with the greatest risk for cancer, particularly breast, colon, and endometrial cancers.
A French study analyzed mortality rates in three-quarters of the European population, concluding that the virus likely originated outside Europe. The research found high synchronicity among the 14 studied countries, with a peak in October-November 1918.
Researchers have found that white tea extract effectively reduces the generation of new adipocytes and stimulates fat mobilization from mature fat cells. White tea, a less processed version of green tea, contains ingredients such as methylxanthines and epigallocatechin-3-gallate that may be responsible for its anti-adipogenic effects.
A new study found that drugs to combat anemia in cancer patients may actually increase the risk of death and serious blood clots. The use of these agents should not be routine therapy unless proven safe and clinically beneficial.
A new study found that people with arthritis experience significant difficulties with computer use due to pain, restricted movement, and muscle weakness. The study suggests that providing individuals with arthritis with strategies and equipment can reduce work limitations and prevent disabilities.
Researchers found that combining workplace non-attendance, school closure, isolating infected family members, and reducing community contact can significantly reduce the rate of development and overall burden of influenza epidemics. Interventions must be introduced within 2 weeks of the first case to prevent an epidemic developing.
Multiple sclerosis researchers discover that the immune system targets gray matter in addition to myelin, damaging nerve cell bodies and leading to irreversible destruction of axons. The newly identified protein Contactin-2 plays a critical role in this process.
A new study using cosmogenic dating reveals that New Zealand's largest glaciers moved out of step with their northern hemisphere counterparts for the past 7,000 years. The research provides a glacial timeline and shows regional climate variations in both hemispheres.
A new non-invasive diagnostic index, the Pediatric NAFLD Fibrosis Index (PNFI), uses age, waist circumference, and triglycerides to predict liver fibrosis in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This index may help reduce the need for invasive biopsies, improving patient comfort and outcomes.
US researchers have developed a forensics toolkit for the Xbox console that enables investigators to access and analyze hidden data. The XFT utility allows users to mount an image of the FATX file system, explore directory structures, and view files in detail.
Researchers found that adult cystic nephroma and mixed epithelial and stromal tumors are genetically similar and should be considered the same disease entity. This discovery will help doctors accurately diagnose the disease in patients, leading to improved patient care.
New studies by Scripps Institution of Oceanography suggest a magnitude-7 earthquake occurs every 2,000 to 3,000 years in Lake Tahoe's basin. The largest fault in the basin, West Tahoe, appears to have last ruptured between 4,100 and 4,500 years ago, capable of producing nearly 500m of overlying water tsunami waves.
Researchers found that after reassortment with a human influenza virus, an avian flu virus requires relatively few mutations to spread rapidly between mammals by respiratory droplets. This process is similar to the formation of the current swine flu outbreak, suggesting a potential link between avian and human influenza viruses.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Boston demonstrate that the brain can recognize objects quickly and consistently, even under different lighting conditions, size, and rotation. This finding could lead to advancements in teaching computers to see and improving brain-computer interfaces for individuals with visual impairment.
A new study predicts a significant increase in US cancer cases over the next 20 years, with the elderly and minority populations bearing the brunt. The projected 45% rise in cancer incidence will be driven primarily by a 67% increase in cancer cases among adults aged 65 and older.
Research found that tiny mites living on Madagascar hissing cockroaches decrease the presence of molds, reducing allergic responses. The mites eat saliva and debris, eliminating material that fosters mold growth on the insects' bodies.
The new NHS Evidence service provides a fast and efficient web-based search facility to access a wide range of information on various topics. It also has a commissioning function to ensure knowledge gaps are filled and to provide central purchasing of online journals for staff in the National Health Service (NHS) in England.
A deep Chandra X-ray image has resolved a long-standing mystery about an X-ray glow along the plane of the Galaxy. The image reveals hundreds of point-like X-ray sources causing the glow, implying millions of such sources are responsible.
A new study challenges the idea that individuals with certain genotypes are predestined to negative life outcomes. Infants raised in small social groups were more likely to be aggressive and anxious, particularly those with a low activity MAOA genotype. However, no genotype effects were evident in monkeys reared in larger social cages.
The Venus prototype uses near-infrared light to measure metabolic rate, tissue oxygen, and pH without needle pricks. This technology has numerous applications, including emergency medical care, sports performance, and patient monitoring, and may improve survival rates for trauma victims and astronauts in space.
Researchers are investigating whether mathematical similarities between word associations and quantum theory could lead to new models of how humans process words and meaning. The study aims to gain an understanding of the intriguing connections between cognitive science and quantum theory.
A recent study published in Critical Care Medicine found that older men are at a higher risk of death from community-acquired pneumonia compared to women. The researchers discovered that men's bodies respond differently to infection, leading to a stronger inflammatory and coagulation response, which may break up blood clots more quickly.
Physicists at Ames Laboratory have demonstrated that the superconductivity mechanism in iron-arsenide superconductors is unique compared to all other known classes of superconductors. The team found a power-law variation of London penetration depth, suggesting electron pairing different from any other known superconductor.
Children exposed to domestic violence are almost four times more likely to develop emotional problems, but over half adapt well due to easy-going natures and their mothers' mental health. Easy-going children and mothers with good mental health can cope better with the stresses of exposure.
The Arizona State University EFRC will pursue advanced research on solar energy conversion based on photosynthesis principles. The goal is to design a synthetic system that uses sunlight to convert water into hydrogen fuel and oxygen, providing a renewable source of clean energy.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed a new genome engineering tool to make model crop plants herbicide-resistant without significant DNA changes. This approach has the potential to provide sustainable solutions for producing food, fuel and fiber while minimizing concerns about genetically modified organisms.
Researchers found that the last atom in a line of single-atom contacts behaves differently than expected, altering the defining properties of ferromagnetic metals. The Kondo effect is observed in these tiny contacts, contradicting conventional wisdom about metal behavior at the nanoscale.
A new study reveals that most young people consider civic activity obligatory, but their judgments vary by factors like gender and involvement levels. Teen boys prioritize politics over community service, while girls emphasize community service as more important.
Parkinson's disease is characterized by selective loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, with elevated cytosolic dopamine and calcium levels contributing to cell death. Genetic and environmental 'hits' are required for PD pathology, suggesting multiple therapeutic targets should be considered
A new study shows that taking cladribine tablets just a few times a year can dramatically reduce the chances of a relapse or deterioration of multiple sclerosis. Patients who took part in the trial suffered very few side effects, making it an effective oral therapy without constant injections.
A study by PNNL researchers found that smoldering fires produce more toxins than wildfires, which can affect aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The discovery also suggests that smoke may play a role in transporting biologically useful nitrogen through the environment.
A new treatment has been discovered for restless legs syndrome (RLS) that improves sleep. Pregabalin, a commonly used epilepsy and anxiety medication, was found to be effective in reducing RLS symptoms by nearly two-thirds of participants. The study showed significant improvements in deep sleep stages compared to those taking a placebo.
Researchers found that optimal levels of LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and blood pressure significantly reduce the risk of another stroke. People who reached optimal levels in all four risk factors were 65% less likely to have another stroke.
A new RAND Corporation study found that school-based drug education programs can have a long-term positive impact on sexual behavior in addition to curbing substance abuse. Young adults who received the training were less likely to engage in risky sexual behavior five to seven years later.
Scientists use DNA barcoding to identify mosquito species spreading lymphatic filariasis, a disease causing permanent disability worldwide. The technique reveals menace species habitats and range, aiding understanding of environmental factors influencing their breeding.
A study of 1,373 men found that light long-term alcohol consumption, especially wine, was associated with a lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and death from all causes. Moderate wine consumption was linked to an extended life expectancy of around five years in men.
Researchers found that oxytocin increased positive communication behavior in relation to negative behavior, reducing salivary cortisol levels. The study evaluated real-time natural couple behavior in the laboratory, providing new insights into the effects of social interaction on mental health.
Dr. Kathie Olsen, a neuroscience expert, offers 5 tips for program officers to advance their ideas: exposure, management support, persistence, relationships matter, and program value. ONR's efforts to host distinguished lecturers aim to promote collaboration and innovation.
A Phase IIa clinical trial shows that ADX10059, a negative mGluR5 allosteric modulator, significantly improves pain-free status and pain improvement in patients with acute migraine attacks. The study's findings support the potential of targeting mGluR5 signaling for migraine prevention.
A new study found that sex-typed characteristics, such as kindness and independence, develop differently in girls and boys, with girls exhibiting higher levels of expressive traits and interest in 'feminine' activities, while boys show higher levels of instrumental traits and interest in 'masculine' activities.
A study of breast cancer risk factors in young women suggests that risk assessment and prevention should start much earlier in life. The study found a link between breast tissue composition in young women and the risk of breast cancer in middle age and older.
A new technology developed at the University of Cincinnati enables full-color electronic paper with excellent brightness, color saturation, and video speed. The Electrofluidic Display Technology (EFD) has the potential to transform e-readers into mainstream products, such as Amazon Kindle, and create high-tech jobs in southwest Ohio.
Researchers at UCLA developed a novel camera that captures images at 6 million frames per second, overcoming conventional camera limitations. The camera's optical image amplification enables continuous real-time imaging of rapid phenomena in physics, chemistry, and biology.
Contrary to recent hypothesis, geologists argue that chevrons are not evidence of megatsunamis caused by asteroids or comets. Instead, they propose that similar formations can be explained by wind-blown deposits, supported by the presence of volcanic ash in similar locations.
A mother-daughter study found that breast water percentage in younger women is linked to increased breast cancer risk in middle age and older. The research suggests using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early detection could aid in prevention methods.
Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley and Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a comprehensive numerical study of gene therapy. The research sheds light on the key factors that determine the success of dendrimers as gene delivery vehicles, including the charges of the dendrimers and their target cell membranes.
Researchers developed an animal model for sciatica, a painful nerve condition characterized by numbness, pain, and leg difficulties. The study found that immune system activation contributes to symptoms, with elevated IL-17 levels linked to physical symptoms.
A study published in Northwest Science has verified the origins of a California wolverine through genetic analysis. The animal, photographed in 2008, is most closely related to Rocky Mountain populations and shares unique genetic characteristics with other North American wolverines.
The Lignocellulose Center aims to increase knowledge of plant cell walls and improve fuel conversion methods. Researchers will explore the physical structure of lignocellulose and its role in producing biorenewable energy.
Researchers at Ohio State University have designed a new control system software that can adapt to changing conditions during a flight, enabling experimental aircraft to fly faster than sound. The system performed flawlessly in computer simulations of flight maneuvers, guiding the jet along its trajectory and keeping it stable.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discovered tufted bacteria can attach to premature babies' skin, causing infection. The bacteria's unique hair-like structures facilitate adhesion, while LL37 antimicrobial peptide helps inhibit growth.
Researchers found that each whole word is processed by its own set of neurons in the brain's left visual cortex. This discovery may provide insights into reading disorders and inform the development of new treatments.
Research published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health found that repeatedly going to work when ill increases the chances of taking long-term sick leave. Workers who did this at least half a dozen times were more likely to take extended absences, even after accounting for other risk factors.
The Department of Energy has established a new Energy Frontier Research Center at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to study catalysis for solar energy and fuel cells. The center will be led by chemist Morris Bullock and will focus on grand challenges in converting electrical energy into chemical bonds and back again.
A Phase IIa clinical trial suggests that targeting glutamate receptor mGluR5 with ADX10059 may prevent migraine attacks before they start. The study found that patients taking ADX10059 were more likely to be pain-free two hours after treatment than those receiving a placebo.