A new study identifies 33 countries that will suffer most from climate change's impact on fisheries, including those in Africa, Asia, and South America. These nations face unprecedented hardship due to their high dependency on fish as a source of protein and income.
Researchers found that leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are maintained by a self-renewing program similar to pluripotent embryonic stem cells. This study challenges the notion of LSCs as rare, immature cells and suggests a link between their activation and poor prognosis in leukemia.
Researchers used contrast agents in liposomes to determine if they could breach breast tumors. Tumors with better images of the contrast agents showed better therapeutic results when treated with a cancer drug called liposomal doxorubicin.
EurekAlert! and AAAS have launched fellowships for five Latin American science journalists, allowing them to cover the latest research at the AAAS Annual Meeting. The program aims to promote international scientific dialogue and advance sound science reporting worldwide.
Researchers found a direct link between vitamin D and a genetic variant associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may increase the risk of offspring developing MS later in life.
Researchers find voluntary vaccination effective in containing outbreaks of diseases like smallpox and SARS due to social network effects. Neighborhood size plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of voluntary vaccination programs.
A UBC study finds that red improves attention to detail, while blue enhances creative thinking. Red also influences consumer receptivity, favoring detailed product information over evocative messaging.
A study found that rural physicians in Arizona estimated they could increase their endoscopic procedures by 53.1%, while urban physicians estimated an additional 35.7% with improved compensation. The potential increase is attributed to the growing population of older individuals moving to warmer climates.
A new laser-based technique has unraveled some of the inner workings of photosynthesis by capturing instantaneous images of energy transport between electrons in molecules. This allows scientists to gain a deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms involved, which is crucial for harnessing this process as an alternative energy source.
A study reveals that adolescents who undergo kidney transplants have a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric conditions, including depression, phobia, and ADHD. They also experience educational impairment and social isolation. The study highlights the need for routine screening and support to address these challenges.
The system will enable researchers from seven disciplines to perform virtual experiments and address open problems in their fields, including infectious disease dynamics, material development, and human interactions. The instrument is expected to promote technology transfer and enhance the diversity of computational science talent.
Researchers found that every second of compression pause reduces the likelihood of successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) by 1%. Effective CPR requires minimal interruptions, with powerful chest compressions being crucial.
A Stanford study finds that dogs that bred with wolves thousands of years ago passed on a genetic mutation for dark coat color to their wild ancestors. This mutation is now found in nearly exclusive in North America's black wolf population, which has a selective advantage over lighter-colored wolves in forested areas.
CSHL scientists identify Orc1 as a protein controlling centrosome duplication, preventing excess centrosomes and ensuring genetic stability. The study reveals Orc1's role in regulating centriole pairing and centrosome duplication, with implications for cancer research.
The European Academy of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology has established 20 'Basic Principles' for safe use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in dentistry. The guidelines cover areas such as justification, optimization, and training to protect patients from excessive radiation.
A study published in PLoS Genetics found that genetic screening for diseases like cancer and heart disease may not accurately predict individual risk due to limited genetic variants associated with each condition. This limits the effectiveness of personalized genetic testing currently offered by companies.
Research suggests that gut bacteria convert linoleic acid into conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which has anti-cancer properties and may provide therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. The 'good' form of CLA is found in dairy products.
Researchers identified eighteen new genetic changes in rats from four continents that enable resistance to warfarin. VKORC1 gene mutations may cause heritable resistance by preventing coumarin derivatives from interfering with the reductase enzyme activity.
A rapidly evolving gene contributes to the origin of new species by driving an evolutionary arms race inside cells. The Nup160 and Nup96 genes, which code for gatekeepers of a cell's nucleus, have become incompatible between closely related fruit fly species.
A new study published in Science suggests that a collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet could lead to significantly higher sea level rise than currently projected, with devastating effects on coastal areas and global sea levels. The research takes into account various forces, including gravity, changes in the Earth's rotation, and la...
Research finds that increased angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor expression are associated with poor survival in women with sex cord-stromal ovarian tumors. High microvessel density and VEGF overexpression were linked to significantly poorer survival rates, as well as recurrence and metastasis.
A Columbia University study found that a diet rich in fish oils can prevent fat accumulation in arteries and lower cholesterol levels. The researchers discovered that omega-3 fatty acids inhibit the entry of 'bad' cholesterol into arteries, providing new insights into heart health benefits.
Computer models reveal that shuffling gene order has a huge impact on virus growth and interaction with host cells. The study aims to understand how an organism's genome guides its growth and development.
A new paper reveals how parasitic wasps and fruit flies co-evolve, leading to the formation of new species. The study shows that these interactions can create a chain reaction of biodiversity growth.
A study by Michigan State University found that higher medical mistrust among minority women led to late breast cancer screening. The AACR is working to address these issues through research and education. Recruiting diverse patients into clinical trials also poses challenges, with incentives often not effective.
The Office of Naval Research has delivered the Gruntworks Research for Infantry Integration Testing (GRIIT), a virtual reality environment that improves the integration of infantry combat equipment. GRIIT employs 21 cameras using ONR-developed Video Flashlight technology to create an extremely realistic evaluation environment.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified two critical genes, Scl and Lyl1, that work together to maintain a pool of hematopoietic stem cells. These 'sister' genes are essential for the survival and function of blood-system stem cells, and their dysfunction can lead to severe consequences.
Canadian researchers and clinicians emphasize the need for increased investment in science and technology to remain competitive globally. The federal budget's reduction of $147.9 million to research councils and programs is seen as a threat to Canada's long-term economic survival.
Carbon nanotubes grow through self-assembly forming a 'tapestry' of twisting threads, where each thread's length determines the tube's growth rate. The research reveals a direct relationship between a nanotube's chiral angle and its growth speed.
Researchers have recorded the earliest evidence of animal life using Hydropyrolysis technology, dating fossil steroids 635-750 million years old. This discovery suggests that simple multicellular animals existed in shallow waters before the Cambrian explosion.
A study on seed beetles found that inbreeding extends male lifespan while shortening female lifespan. The researchers suggest that sex-specific selection may be the underlying cause of these differences.
A study by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute suggests that around 1 in 200 human genes may be unnecessary for human health. The researchers found that single-letter changes in genetic code can disrupt proteins, leading to variations that are either beneficial or have little consequence.
A new study reveals that black wolves, the first genetically modified predators, have adapted to changing environments thanks to human dog breeding. The trait, which originated from domesticated dogs, has proven valuable for wolf populations as their arctic habitats shrink.
The article highlights the importance of alternative and complementary medicine (CAM) in healthcare reform, advocating for universal coverage and evidence-based methods. CAM encourages a holistic view of health, promoting whole-systems approaches and multifactorial integrative therapies.
Researchers from Spain have discovered that extra virgin olive oil's polyphenols may help combat breast cancer by inhibiting the HER2 oncogene. The study confirms the anti-HER2 effect of fractions extracted from olive oil in breast cancer cell lines, suggesting a potential basis for new anti-HER2 compounds.
Researchers found that a novel mutated variant of a gene in dogs is responsible for the black coat color in wolves, transferred through matings. The discovery suggests that natural selection has increased the frequency of black coat color in wolf populations across North America.
In a groundbreaking study, scientists have discovered that stars were forming at an incredible rate in the core region of an infant galaxy. With a diameter of just 4000 light-years, the star-forming core of J1148+5251 is incredibly productive and reaches its physical limit.
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found no significant differences between immediate imaging and usual clinical care for patients with acute or sub-acute low-back pain. The authors recommend refraining from routine imaging unless serious underlying conditions are suspected, to reduce unnecessary tests and improve patient ...
Jan-Åke Gustafsson, a renowned hormones expert, has joined the University of Houston faculty thanks to a $5.5 million grant. He will lead the Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, collaborating with other top researchers to develop treatments for diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
Chronic stress can lead to neglected oral hygiene habits, increasing the risk of periodontal disease. Regular exercise, balanced diet, and adequate sleep can help maintain healthy teeth and gums, reducing stress's negative impact on overall health and potentially lowering healthcare expenses.
A Michigan State University study reveals that nearly 70% of minority women trust healthcare organizations, leading to lower breast cancer screening rates. The study found that African-American women had the highest levels of mistrust, with 39% strongly agreeing that health-care organizations don't keep information private.
A new study reveals that large structural DNA changes, known as copy number variants, may be responsible for schizophrenia. Researchers found eight deletions in patients' genomes, two of which were newly identified, suggesting that these rare variations could be causative.
A systematic review of over 13,000 participants found that exposure to alcohol adverts and product placements increases drinking behavior in young people. The study suggests that counter-advertising and social marketing techniques may be effective prevention options for limiting alcohol problems in young people.
Two federal scientists, Martin Raphael and Eric Forsman, have won national awards for their research on the habitat and ecology of the marbled murrelet and the northern spotted owl. Their work emphasizes a strong partnership between research and management to improve the status of these bird species.
Scientists have developed a new equation of state for seawater based on Absolute Salinity, which is expected to provide more accurate thermodynamic calculations. The new approach aims to improve the understanding of seawater's properties and its role in the global heat engine.
Scientists at NRL's Materials Science and Technology Division successfully controlled the spin population of individual quantum shell states in self-assembled InAs quantum dots. This breakthrough enables new spintronics applications, as the electron's spin is used to store and process information.
Researchers Higgs and Gould examine climate's impact on West Nile, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, and Bluetongue viruses' spread. Climate change is linked to the northward expansion of Culex imicola midge species, facilitating Bluetongue virus dispersal.
Researchers uncover genetic adaptations in Nautilia profundicola, a microbe thriving near deep-sea vents. These adaptations include genes for temperature fluctuations and nitrate assimilation, aiding the bacterium's survival in extreme conditions.
New research demonstrates how laser-based techniques can create micron-sized light pathways in three dimensions, enabling the detection of faint light from extrasolar planets and galaxies. This technology has the potential to improve the sensitivity and precision of future telescopes, such as the planned European ELT.
A new software called PowerDown automatically shuts down computers after 30 minutes of inactivity, recovering up to £13,000 in electricity costs each month. This reduces power consumption by millions of hours and helps organizations save money on their energy bills.
Isolongifolenone, a natural compound found in the Tauroniro tree, has been proven effective in deterring mosquito bites and repelling ticks. The findings suggest that isolongifolenone could be a cost-effective alternative to DEET for protecting against blood-feeding arthropods.
Researchers at the University of Alberta discovered that hepatitis C virus causes direct damage to liver cells and leads to inflammation. This finding sheds new light on the virus and provides potential targets for therapy.
Scientists have discovered a way to shrink the holes in the mucus layer's netting, allowing it to keep out smaller particles. The technique uses a detergent commonly found in personal care products and has potential applications for protecting against airborne pathogens and nanoparticles.
A new study published by Elsevier found that nearly half of patients with heart failure have problems with memory and other aspects of cognitive functioning. Memory problems, especially short-term memory, were the most common type of cognitive deficit in these patients.
The study predicts a rise in sea levels around North America and southern Indian Ocean due to the collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, exceeding current estimates by as much as 25%. The ice sheet's melting will cause significant changes in global sea levels, with some regions experiencing rises of up to six meters.
Researchers have successfully prevented cystic fibrosis lung disease in a mouse model by administering amiloride, a drug that inhibits hyperactive sodium channels. Early inhalation treatment prevents chronic lung damage and airway inflammation, providing a new therapeutic approach for the widespread genetic disease.
A global analysis of marine bivalves reveals the echo of ancient mass extinction, with the recovery rate persisting despite latitudinal differences. The study found that the initial post-extinction boom never really fizzled out, but instead slowed to a crawl without returning to pre-extinction levels.
A 390-million-year-old fossil discovery sheds light on the origins of claws in scorpions and horseshoe crabs. The specimen, Schinderhannes bartelsi, features a head with large eyes, paired grasping appendages, and wing-like limbs, providing insights into the evolution of these unique structures.
Researchers from DOE/JGI and FPL have deciphered the genetic mechanisms behind brown-rot fungi's ability to break down cellulose in wood. This breakthrough may lead to more efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally-friendly strategies for biofuels production.
The Gambia has launched a National Programme to eliminate Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), thanks to the pioneering work of UAB researcher Adriana Kaplan. The programme aims to promote alternative rituals that respect tradition while preventing physical mutilations, and will train health professionals in both Gambia and Spain.
The Lancet Editorial emphasizes the need for governments to implement policies focusing on price, availability, and affordability of alcohol. Recent guidance in the UK and Australia advises delaying drinking onset age, but warns that education alone may not be effective without complementary population-level policies.
Scientists tested atorvastatin and lovastatin in animal models but found no efficacy in preventing breast cancer. In contrast, tamoxifen and bexarotene showed significant reduction in mammary tumors when combined with statins.
In plant pollen grains, companion cells provide sperm with instructions that protect DNA from damage and set up gene expression patterns. Small RNAs generated in these cells enter neighboring sperm nuclei and inactivate harmful DNA sequences via RNA interference.
CSIRO's DAC microscopy method measures proteins in solution, allowing accurate dimensions of membrane receptors to be taken. This will help drug companies design more effective pharmaceuticals by understanding the complex structures of these molecules.
A study in mice identified Toll-like receptor 7 as a critical molecule in detecting West Nile virus and recruiting immune cells to clear the infection. The research suggests that drug therapies targeting this signaling pathway could enhance the immune response and promote clearance of the deadly virus.
The University of Oklahoma has received a $398,020 grant from the National Science Foundation to improve instruction in introductory biology courses. The AIBS will provide programmatic staffing and expertise in building an online communication network for the project.
The Observatory on Mental Health Systems will develop research, monitoring, and evaluation programs at national and district levels, improving the human rights of people with mental illness. The observatory's work in Asia and the Pacific region aims to scale up effective mental health services in low- and middle-income countries.
Researchers at Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência discover mechanism to silence transposable elements in sperm cells, preventing harmful mutations. The technique, developed by Jörg Becker's team, uses small interfering RNA to target and silence these DNA elements.
Researchers developed a new strategy to identify areas within hotspots where they should focus their time, effort and money. They used multiple species and past climate models to estimate the species' past distributions, pinpointing regions that have been climatically stable and likely to harbor diversity.
Researchers found immunological tests to be more accurate in detecting precancerous lesions, identifying over twice as many lesions as HaemOccult test. However, some tests yielded too many false positives, emphasizing the need for high detection rates and reliable all-clears.
A team of researchers observed the sequential development of new species in fruit flies and parasitic wasps after introducing apples to North America. The modification of one species triggers the modification of a second, dependent species, demonstrating biodiversity as a source for new biodiversity.
Researchers identified key elements of dynein's structure and its winch-like mechanism, correcting some mistaken ideas. Dynein is responsible for transporting molecular cargo within cells, powering movement of sperm and eggs, and helping cells divide.
Researchers explore approaches to preserve BBB function and permit effective medicine passage. One technology involves targeting endogenous nutrient transporters, such as SLCs, to facilitate small molecule transport across the BBB.
A study by the University of Gothenburg found that pharmaceutical substances released into the environment can lead to resistant bacteria and harm local ecosystems. The research highlights the need for greater transparency in the production chain to ensure environmentally friendly manufacturing practices.
Researchers at Burnet Institute develop a potential new treatment for prostate cancer using a monoclonal antibody targeting the PIM-1 molecule, which plays a critical role in cell survival and proliferation. Laboratory models show significant inhibition of cancer cell growth, paving the way for clinical trials.