Researcher Stacey Walters finds that boosting BAFF levels in mice can alter their immune systems to accept tissue transplants. Increased B cells stimulate T regulatory cells, controlling killer cells and preventing rejection.
Researchers found that mild electrical current to a motor control area of the brain improved motor task performance significantly. The technique has potential for enhancing rehabilitation for individuals with brain injuries.
Global epidemiological studies suggest one-third of chronic hepatitis B infections are acquired during infancy and early childhood. Universal infant immunization is offered in most countries (98%) and has reduced incidence rates in provinces that adopted the program.
Researchers have developed a new technique called liquid STEM that enables the imaging of individual molecules in biological cells, with improved resolution and speed compared to existing methods. This innovation has potential applications in energy science and the development of molecular probes.
A study of 506 older adults found that those who were socially active, outgoing, and calm had a 50% lower risk of developing dementia compared to those who were isolated and prone to distress. Lifestyle factors can be modified to reduce dementia risk, offering hopeful news for those nearing retirement age.
Psoriasis affects 0.6-4.8% of the world's population, impairing financial status and well-being. Online support groups provide valuable resources, anonymity, and improved quality of life for patients. The study found that 49.5% of participants perceived improvements in psoriasis severity since joining an online community.
A four-week expedition to explore the deep ocean south-west of Tasmania has revealed new species of animals, including a bizarre carnivorous sea squirt and giant sponges. The survey also found vast fields of fossil corals dated to over 10,000 years old, providing ancient climate data for models of regional and global climate change.
A new study found that breast cancer survivors are unsatisfied with the post-cancer care they receive from their primary care physicians, highlighting the need for more coordinated care. Patients advocate for educational interventions and specialized clinics to address late effects of treatments and prevent disease recurrences.
Researchers capture images of bleeding inside heart muscle after heart attack using MRI scans, finding correlation between bleeding and extent of heart damage. Patients with larger heart attacks show more significant bleeding and poorer recovery chances.
Researchers discover that individuals with low-activity MAOA gene display higher levels of aggression in response to provocation, particularly when faced with significant financial loss. The study suggests genetic influences on aggression and punishment behavior, questioning the altruistic punisher theory.
Engineers at the University of Leeds developed a technique using infra-red spectroscopy to analyze chemical processes, enabling real-time monitoring of supersaturation levels required for crystallization. This can help predict optimum crystal structure conditions and improve pharmaceutical manufacturing efficiency.
The Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) aims to increase grain production by 5 million tons annually, benefiting six million poor rural households. The project will focus on sustainable cereal production in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal through the development of new crop varieties and technologies.
A survey of 3,146 earth scientists found consensus on the reality of climate change, with climatologists showing strongest agreement. Petroleum geologists and meteorologists were among the biggest doubters, but most still acknowledge human involvement in global warming.
Bariatric surgery rapidly improves insulin action, prompting adjustments to diabetic regimens. Genetic testing for heart disease is questioned as a reliable predictor of cardiovascular events, with traditional risk factors proving sufficient. Researchers advocate for increased clinical vigilance in methadone patients to reduce sudden c...
Researchers at Newcastle University discovered that food adverts in popular UK magazines often feature sugary and salty products, despite promoting a healthier lifestyle. The study analyzed 30 widely-read weekly magazines and found that nearly every one contained unhealthy food options.
A study by Uppsala University researchers found that females' promiscuity leads to males producing faster and larger sperms. The competition among sperms influences various characteristics, including size and speed.
Two non-surgical treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have been found to be effective in reducing medication use and improving symptoms, according to a recent study. Radiofrequency therapy appears effective for reducing heartburn and cough, while full-thickness plication may be beneficial for patients with regurgitation.
A collaborative research course taught at one university led to a global collaboration among faculty members from three universities, resulting in significant increases in communication skills and subject matter knowledge. Students reported improved understanding of how communication fits into collaborative problem-solving and anticipa...
Researchers at CSIRO Australia have developed smart fridges that can negotiate the most energy-efficient way to keep food cold, reducing electricity consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The fridges work as a network, sharing energy provided by renewable sources like solar panels or wind turbines.
Victims of intimate partner violence display unique patterns of facial injuries, including zygomatic complex fractures and orbital blow-out fractures. Medical professionals can recognize these patients through universal screening and examination, facilitating appropriate medical and social intervention.
A Northwestern University team created a model of how prices fluctuate in political prediction markets, revealing that partisan feeling can significantly impact trading. The researchers found that traders' emotions played a crucial role in the market's behavior, especially during the 2000 presidential election. By understanding these d...
Researchers found a significant drop in severe heart attack symptoms, including electrocardiogram abnormalities and biomarker levels. These findings suggest that better control of risk factors and hospital management contributed to the decline in deaths from coronary heart disease.
Patients using a retinoid cream containing tretinoin were more likely to die than those using a placebo in the study. However, evidence does not suggest that the therapy caused the excess deaths, and alternative explanations such as smoking are possible.
Researchers at CAMH have detected evidence that DNA is not the only carrier of heritable information, with epigenetic factors playing a significant role. This finding challenges traditional genetics principles and may provide new insights into human disease causes.
Researchers investigated the mechanisms behind reduced gastric mucosal blood flow caused by H. pylori extracts, finding a nerve- and iNOS-mediated pathway involved. The study revealed that H. pylori extracts decrease gastric mucosal blood flow by approximately 30% in mice.
Research in Costa Rica found that H. pylori infection, particularly the status of cagA and vacA genotype distribution, plays a major role in gastric cancer incidence rate variability. Gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were more common in patients with high GCIR.
A genetic study found that 4% of Indian subcontinent populations carry a MYBPC3 mutation, associated with a high risk of heart problems. Researchers identify a potential solution through early screening and lifestyle modifications.
A study found that most gene switch sites occur on nearby regions, called CpG shores, not just isolated DNA islands in the human genome. This discovery has significant implications for understanding disease and developing new treatments against colon cancer.
A study found that HCC cases with AIH and PBC have four clinical features: shorter survival intervals, more men affected, and liver failure as primary cause of death. The research highlights these common characteristics in HCC associated with AIH and PBC.
Researchers have identified a crucial biochemical step involved in nerve cells' response to DNA damage. Cdk5 activation is necessary before ATM can function in neurons, suggesting it as a potential drug target for neurodegenerative diseases. This discovery sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of ataxia telangiectasia and other neur...
New research reveals a connection between water pollution and declining male fertility, with anti-androgenic chemicals identified as key players. The study suggests that exposure to these chemicals may contribute to reproductive problems in humans, particularly those affected by testicular dysgenesis syndrome.
A new study reveals three genetic variations that increase the risk of severe obesity in children, with potential for early intervention and prevention. The gene variants may account for up to half of all cases of adult and child obesity.
Researchers discovered that long stretches of DNA containing many genes are silenced in cells as they mature, rather than individual genes. This epigenetic modification, called LOCKS, plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and development.
The special issue highlights various new treatment options, including mobile phones, Internet-based interventions, and computers. Researchers have seen promising results, such as a high number of students logging on to screening programs and increased access for hard-to-reach populations.
Ascent to high altitudes causes a range of effects on the brain, including headaches, eye hemorrhages, and sleep disruptions. Research suggests that genetic predisposition, factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor, and venous system play a role in susceptibility to altitude-related illnesses.
A Montreal-based research team has identified a new mechanism controlling NK cell activity, which could improve the treatment of cancers and infectious diseases. The team's breakthrough discovery reveals that the CRACC molecule enhances NK cell killer function.
University of Florida researchers develop a new approach to lab-on-a-chip technology by harnessing biologically powered molecular forklifts. This innovation allows for the creation of 'smart dust' that can detect biological threats and other contaminants without the need for electricity or rinsing.
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that longer periods of breastfeeding were associated with lower BMI at one year of age and no significant difference by age 60. The research suggests that infant feeding may have a protective effect on obesity until around age 7.
JDRF-funded researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine discovered a protein called cdk6 that regulates human beta cell replication. This finding provides proof-of-principle for stimulating human beta cell production and function.
Research from Thomas Jefferson University reveals that African-American patients with colorectal cancer are more likely to present with advanced disease and have a worse five-year survival rate. Socioeconomic factors, including access to healthcare screening, may contribute to these disparities.
A new study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin suggests that violent content does not increase enjoyment in video games. Instead, challenges and a sense of autonomy are key drivers of player engagement. For most players, gore actually detracts from the game's 'fun factor'.
Three Palauans, Uelbil Puanani Michael, Omekrael Sadang, and Sheldon Siksei, have been selected as interns in the US Forest Service's Professional Internships in Pacific Terrestrial Island Ecosystem Management program. They will work on forestry projects in their home islands and later implement focus projects with mentors.
The study highlights two countries that effectively cover all but one percent of their population through individual mandates and premium assistance. They also curb high administrative costs, spending about five percent on healthcare compared to seven percent in the US.
Researchers found that male neurons more readily withered up and died under starvation, while female neurons conserved energy and stayed alive. The study revealed sex-dependent effects in brain cells, shedding light on metabolic differences between males and females.
Researchers found that two proteins, Kif2b and MCAK, work together to ensure proper chromosome segregation during cell division. Increasing these proteins in tumor cells restored nearly normal accuracy of chromosome segregation, providing insight into mechanisms of cell division in tumor cells.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggests that reducing salt intake can have cardioprotective effects beyond lowering blood pressure. The research found benefits for people with normal blood pressure and those who are overweight or obese, starting as early as a few weeks after sodium reduction.
Experts urge grocery stores to promote free flu vaccinations instead of free antibiotics during cold and flu season. A recent study shows that workers who received flu vaccine lost fewer days of work due to illness.
A pre-emptive skin regimen can significantly reduce skin-associated toxicities associated with panitumumab for metastatic colorectal cancer treatment. The study found that this approach reduced the incidence of grade 2 or higher skin toxicities by over 50%. Patients who received prophylactic treatment reported improved quality of life,...
Key epigenetic abnormalities in endometriosis have been identified, including the presence of aromatase, which produces excessive estrogen in affected tissue. Aromatase inhibitors are now being tested for treatment options.
Researchers found evidence of cosmic dust forming around a dying star in a nearby galaxy, similar to those that formed soon after the Big Bang. This discovery provides insight into the early stages of the Universe and challenges the long-held theory that supernovae explosions are the primary source of dust.
A Texas A&M University study found that yeast cells exhibit a dynamic evolutionary process with multiple beneficial adaptations arising within a population, leading to competition between segments. The research provides direct experimental evidence of 'clonal interference,' contradicting the classical model of evolution.
A new gene variant associated with fasting glucose levels influences insulin secretion via melatonin metabolism, implicating a previously unknown relationship between the sleep-wake rhythm and diabetes. Further studies will explore the role of melatonin in regulating insulin secretion and potentially lead to new treatment options.
The report highlights the importance of aerosol research in predicting Earth's future climate. Scientists need a better understanding of how aerosols affect climate to narrow down temperature increase uncertainty by nearly two-thirds.
A recent study published in Science reveals that fish produce a significant fraction of the oceans' calcium carbonate, affecting seawater's pH balance. The researchers estimate three to 15 percent of marine calcium carbonate is produced by fish, which can dissolve rapidly and release into the deep ocean.
Researchers built a novel device to study convection in rotational systems, providing new insights into how it controls planetary and stellar behavior. The findings show that fluid boundary layers control rotating convection systems, rather than Coriolis and buoyancy forces.
Choong-Seock Chang, a NYU researcher, has received a massive DOE award to simulate plasma behavior on the world's most powerful computer. His goal is to advance research in plasma fusion, which could provide environmentally safe electricity for over a million years.
Scientists at A*STAR's IMCB have discovered a human protein called Bax-beta (Baxβ) that can induce cancer cell death. The protein is normally degraded by proteasomes in healthy cells, but its levels are elevated in cancer cells, leading to apoptosis.
UC Davis researchers are using MRI scans to identify distinct brain patterns that can detect the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The study aims to predict the rate of cognitive decline and provide a method for differentiating healthy aging from cognitive decline due to diseases like Alzheimer's.
Researchers have determined the three-dimensional structure of TIGAR, an enzyme that helps regulate energy production in cells. The discovery may lead to earlier cancer detection or preventative treatments.
The US Forest Service has selected two Pohnpeian students, Fa'afo'i Tony Maugalei and John Ah Sue, as part of its Professional Internships in Pacific Terrestrial Island Ecosystem Management program. The program aims to recruit and train the next generation of forestry professionals in the Pacific Islands.