A team led by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has been selected by NASA to focus on expanding knowledge of the Moon's formation and bombardment history. The four-year project will unravel the origin of the Earth-Moon system and the early evolution of the solar system through a multidisciplinary approach.
Researchers at University of California, Davis have developed a 2-pronged approach to ward off self-propagating infectious programs known as worms. The strategy enables computers to share information about anomalous activity and use an algorithm to weigh the cost of infection against the benefit of staying online.
Researchers at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center identified new biomarkers for treatment response in pancreatic cancer, associating mismatch repair genes with tumor resectability and overall survival. The study found that variations in DNA repair genes can predict patient outcomes, enabling doctors to choose the best therapy.
Scientists at NIST have developed a new technique using terahertz spectroscopy to study biomolecules in water. The method uses nanoscale droplets of soap-like molecules called micelles, which provide an aqueous environment for the biomolecules to flex and bend while limiting water absorption.
A new research study suggests that high caffeine consumption may be linked to a greater tendency to hallucinate. People who consume more than seven cups of instant coffee per day are three times more likely to report hearing voices when there is no one around.
A new study reveals that most young violent offenders in two NYC neighborhoods have seen someone die in a violent incident, highlighting the impact of lifelong exposure to violence on their behavior. The study also found that these youth often cite trauma and lack of feeling safe as reasons for their actions.
Fibromyalgia patients experience disability and reduced quality of life due to chronic pain and fatigue. Antidepressant medications have been found to improve symptoms by reducing pain, improving sleep, and boosting mood.
A new study published in the Journal of Athletic Training suggests that college football players are not immune to the health risks associated with metabolic syndrome. The research found nearly half of the athletes studied had at least three risk factors, including excess abdominal fat, high blood pressure, and low HDL cholesterol levels.
Experts warn that while hormonal contraceptives may be safe for many women, gaps in knowledge remain. The article highlights the need for further research on low-dose oral contraceptives and alternative forms of contraception for high-risk individuals.
A team of scientists at NIST discovered that temperature can influence the competing processes of crystallization and dewetting in polymer films. This understanding could lead to better control of these processes, resulting in more stable and uniform films for applications like organic solar cells. The research also has implications fo...
Researchers have identified a new subtype of childhood T-lymphoblastic leukemia, also known as ETP-ALL, which is characterized by poor response to standard intensive chemotherapy. The disease has a dire prognosis, with high rates of remission failure and relapse compared to typical T-ALL patients.
Research published in the journal Genetics shows that fruit flies and humans regulate their circadian rhythms through similar cellular machinery. This discovery provides a viable animal model for circadian research and sheds light on the potential treatment of seasonal affective disorder, insomnia, and possibly some cancers.
Researchers from the University of Rhode Island found that the Great Lakes' water level is highly sensitive to climate changes. The study revealed that a dry climate interval caused lake levels to fall dramatically, disconnecting the lakes and running their overflow rivers dry.
Researchers at NIST and Rice University have discovered a new method for self-assembling carbon nanotubes using bile acid, allowing for the creation of ordered, aligned arrangements of individual nanotubes. This process is inexpensive and does not require external magnetic or electrical fields.
A new study found that stronger quadriceps muscles protect against cartilage loss in the lateral compartment of the patellofemoral joint, a site of frequent cartilage loss and pain in patients with knee OA. Greater quadriceps strength also showed to have less knee pain and better physical function than those with weaker muscles.
A new study reveals a consistent pattern of brain injury to the frontal lobe and right hemisphere causes delusions. The overcompensation of the left hemisphere leads to the creation of false narratives that cannot be edited, resulting in pathologic beliefs.
A meta-analysis of 10 studies confirms that risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy significantly reduces the risk of breast and ovarian cancers in women with BRCA mutations. The procedure is associated with a 51% relative reduction in breast cancer risk and an 79% relative reduction in ovarian cancer risk.
A wide-ranging international review found that infant TV viewing can lead to cognitive delays, language issues, and attention problems. The study also highlighted the need for better regulation of claims made by manufacturers and more research on media's impact on young children.
Research published in BioMed Central's Arthritis Research and Therapy found that women experience more severe symptoms, greater disability, and poorer treatment outcomes compared to men. The study of over 6,000 patients revealed a significant gender gap in disease activity measures, treatments, and clinical characteristics.
The Cenozoic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau occurred in two phases, with intense tectonic activity mainly in South Tibet and West Kunlun. This study reveals a significant geomorphologic reversal since early Miocene, resulting in the plateau's current E-W tilting pattern.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a new method to accelerate stability testing of biodiesel fuel made from soybeans. The 'advanced distillation curve' method identifies additives that enhance stability at high temperatures, which can cause biodiesel to break down.
Patients with PAD who participated in supervised treadmill exercise showed significant improvements in walking endurance and quality of life. The exercise program also improved walking performance for those without classic symptoms of pain in the leg muscles.
A new study suggests that combining HPV DNA testing with cytology and repeat HPV testing can increase cervical cancer screening detection rates without a substantial increase in false-positive tests. This approach resulted in a 30% higher detection rate compared to cytology alone, while doubling the number of required tests.
A large cohort study found that infection with hepatitis C virus significantly increases risk for pancreatic cancer, a previously under-examined association. The study, published in Hepatology, suggests that individuals infected with HCV should be closely monitored for this potentially fatal condition.
A new study by University of Illinois researchers found that foster children with a history of inpatient mental health treatment are more likely to experience frequent placement disruptions and have lower chances of reunification with their families. The study highlights the need for continued follow-up and referrals to community menta...
A new marine-based reconstruction shows that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has become more variable over the past century, swinging wildly between cold and warm periods. The research suggests that climate warming is linked to this increased variability, with potential implications for extreme weather events and droughts.
A new study published in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with changes in maternal thyroid hormone levels. Smoking-related changes in thyroid function extend to the fetus, potentially leading to impaired neuropsychological development.
Researchers found that individuals with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy can reduce foot ulcer risk through supervised walking programs. The study suggests weight-bearing exercise is safe if properly monitored by a medical professional.
Research found that patients with hepatitis C who receive livers with high levels of fatty deposits have a more frequent and earlier viral recurrence. Graft survival is inversely proportional to donor liver steatosis, particularly when grafts contain greater than 30% fat and are subject to extended cold ischemic time.
Researchers in Taiwan have developed a computer algorithm that provides a gear-shifting sequence to optimize power output and maintain comfort while cycling. The system, tested on a 12-speed bicycle, minimizes power losses and gear shifts, allowing riders to pedal efficiently without fatigue.
Researchers have identified new folate antagonists that selectively target activated macrophages in the joints of RA patients. These agents show high binding affinity for folate receptor β, a highly specific pathway involved in rheumatoid arthritis.
A study found that elderly patients with glioblastoma are less likely to undergo surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy due to concerns about toxic side effects. The median survival for these patients was only four months.
Several herbal remedies commonly used for menopausal symptoms, such as black cohosh and red clover, lack strong evidence supporting their effectiveness. The study highlights the need for better-designed trials to assess the safety and efficacy of these herbal products.
A recent analysis estimates that over 44.7 million older Americans may benefit from statin therapy, highlighting a significant gap in current treatment guidelines. The study found that nearly 80% of this segment of the population could potentially be recommended statin therapy if new criteria are adopted.
A recent study by Boston University researchers has identified a class of microRNAs that regulate gene expression changes in airway cells caused by smoking and lung cancer. These findings may lead to a non-invasive biomarker for smoking-related lung diseases, improving early diagnosis and treatment options.
A randomized control trial of 150 healthy adult women showed that MyFitness Planner resulted in increased walking and total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The study found that participants who clicked more links in update emails trended toward greater activity, regardless of socio-economic or education status.
A randomized controlled trial found that high-DHA diet improved neurological outcomes in preterm infant girls, while no significant benefit was seen in boys. The study suggests that further studies are warranted to investigate the effectiveness of higher-dose DHA interventions.
A recent study published by the American Heart Association found that women are more likely to experience delays in emergency medical services (EMS) care for heart-related issues. The study analyzed data from nearly 6,000 men and women and revealed that women had a 52% higher chance of being delayed during EMS care.
A new trial found that orlistat, a common fat absorption inhibitor, does not help patients with fatty liver disease lose weight or improve liver enzymes. However, moderate weight loss was associated with significant improvements in liver symptoms.
The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft is creating the first global maps of interactions between the solar wind and the interstellar medium. The maps are built using energetic neutral atom imaging and reveal the intricate pattern of this fascinating interaction.
Researchers at Children's National Medical Center have identified a specific group of precursor cells that develop into the amygdala, a critical brain region for emotional processing. The discovery sheds light on how the amygdala forms during development and could help understand autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Researchers have developed a flexible light-sensitive material that can revolutionize photography and other imaging technologies by eliminating image distortion. Inspired by the human eye, the curved photodetector can correct distortion and produce sharper images.
Workers aged 50-64 who received the flu vaccine lost fewer days of work and worked less time while ill compared to unvaccinated individuals. The study found a significant reduction in illness-related workdays and improved worker productivity after vaccination.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new type of LED with improved lighting performance and energy efficiency. The new polarization-matched LED exhibits an 18% increase in light output and a 22% increase in wall-plug efficiency.
A Florida State University professor, Steven I. Pfeiffer, studies gifted children and dispels myths about their needs. He developed a diagnostic test to identify gifted students and advocates for programs to support them.
A study published in the Journal of Hospital Medicine found that US academic medical centers do not meet current American Diabetes Association hospital diabetes care standards. The research highlights the need for improved insulin therapy and standardized protocols to enhance patient outcomes.
A genetic variation involving serotonin has been found to shape social behavior in rhesus macaque monkeys, which could provide a new model for studying autism, social anxiety, and schizophrenia. Monkeys with this variation spent less time looking at faces and were more risk-averse.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have successfully induced human insulin-producing beta cells to replicate in a living animal and in the lab. The discovery could improve models and methods for studying diabetes and lead to techniques for generating new beta cells in patients with diabetes.
A Brazilian city government program offering free exercise classes in public spaces increased physical activity among community members. The study found that participants were three times more likely to exercise than non-participants, highlighting the potential of similar programs in US cities.
A Texas state dinosaur is facing a name change after research revealed it was misidentified as Pleurocoelus. The new species, Paluxysaurus jonesi, was discovered by Southern Methodist University scientist Peter Rose, who studied sauropod bones in central Texas.
Researchers found that lapatinib delayed tumor development and reduced the number of tumors in a mouse model of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. Lapatinib is a small-molecule inhibitor that blocks tyrosine kinase activities associated with tumor formation.
The San Diego Epigenome Center will study epigenetic processes controlling gene regulation, differentiation in human embryonic cells, and DNA methylation. The goal is to develop more effective ways to prevent and treat disease.
A new study published in Value in Health estimates that Americans with diabetes had nearly 22% of hospital charges in 2005, totaling $171 billion. The study also found that individuals with type 1 diabetes were more likely to be hospitalized than those with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers used CT imaging to accurately reconstruct inner ear anatomy in extinct birds and reptiles, shedding light on their hearing abilities and behavior. The study found that Archaeopteryx had a similar hearing range to modern emus, suggesting it was more bird-like than reptilian.
Invasive plant species are thriving in altered Great Plains ecosystems, outcompeting native plants. Researchers will use biocontrols and other methods to control key invaders like Dalmation toadflax, cheatgrass, and Canada thistle.
According to ASN President James O. Hill, PhD, small changes in diet and physical activity can prevent weight gain and reduce the magnitude of the obesity problem. Examples of such small changes include taking the stairs instead of the elevator, walking extra 2,000 steps a day, and reducing food portion size by 5%.
A study by psychologist Jaime L. Kurtz found that college seniors who thought they had a limited amount of time left reported participating in more college-related activities than those who did not. This suggests that thinking about an experience's future ending can enhance present enjoyment and motivation.
Researchers developed an organic substance that attracts and supports cells necessary for tissue repair and can be directly injected into problem areas. The 'smart scaffolds' work by containing a protein that allows progenitor cells to adhere to damaged tissue and survive long enough to promote healing.
A new area of the cerebral cortex has evolved to enable complex movements, such as picking up small objects and using tools, in humans and higher primates. This new area is home to cortico-motoneuronal cells that directly control spinal cord motor neurons, bypassing limitations imposed by spinal cord circuitry.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory used inelastic neutron scattering to show that a new family of iron arsenide superconductors exhibit unconventional superconductivity. The research challenges conventional BCS theory and suggests that antiferromagnetic fluctuations may be responsible for the observed phenomenon.