A new national study reveals that having a teacher mentor can nearly double the odds of attending college for disadvantaged students, with a 50% greater likelihood overall. Mentors in the teaching profession played a pivotal role in bridging the college gap.
The Genome 10K Project aims to sequence the DNA of approximately one species per genus of living mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. This will help reconstruct the genetic changes that gave rise to diverse life forms on Earth, with potential benefits for human and animal health, as well as conservation efforts.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has awarded approximately $208 million to two programs that support research on the human immune response to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. This funding aims to identify new vaccines and drug targets, with a focus on developing prevention tools and therapeutics.
A new report from gastroenterology/hepatology societies emphasizes the importance of competency-based curriculum and disease-specific training in improving patient outcomes. The report recommends changes to GI training programs, including pairing of GI/hepatology training and enhanced training in specific disease areas.
Dr. Jennifer Brodbelt receives $734,068 NIH grant to develop chip-based method for rapidly analyzing blood samples. The new approach could identify patterns correlated with aging and obesity.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered a way to fine-tune the reduction potential of copper-containing proteins, enabling the creation of efficient water-soluble redox agents. This breakthrough allows for greater control over electron-transfer properties and extends the range of redox potentials.
A new study published in Biology Letters found that amputees who use running-specific prosthetic legs have no performance advantage over counterparts with biological legs. The researchers measured forces exerted on the ground and leg swing times, finding a 9% impairment in force production.
The University of Utah has celebrated the 'first light' of its new research telescope at 9,600 feet elevation on Frisco Peak. The 32-inch reflecting telescope took initial pictures on Oct. 15 and will be used for scientific observations starting next spring.
A tiny injector has been developed to speed up drug development by increasing the precision of protein and DNA injection into cells. This device achieves an 80% success rate in injecting Zebrafish embryos, enabling rapid preclinical trials and genetic engineering.
A two-year study found that pine needle mulch outperforms compost mulches in controlling weeds in highbush blueberry crops. The research team recommends continuing to topdress pine needles or similar mulches annually to maintain effectiveness.
Researchers have identified five common indoor plants that can effectively remove harmful VOCs from the air, reducing stress and symptoms of ill health. These plants, including purple waffle plant, English ivy, and Asparagus fern, have been shown to improve air quality and overall well-being.
Researchers found that manipulating light quality using photoselective films reduces plant height and conserves plant quality in poinsettias. The study suggests a viable alternative to chemical plant growth regulators for commercial growers, promoting sustainable production methods.
A recent survey of ISU horticulture graduates reveals that they are adequately to exceptionally well-prepared for the workforce. Employers rank personal skills such as communication, professionalism, and teamwork highly, while solid technical skills take a backseat.
Extended therapy for blood clot prevention yields greater benefits in hip/knee surgery, reducing venous thromboembolism events by three times. High incidence of VTE found in lung transplant recipients, with pulmonary fibrosis as a significant risk factor.
The symposium emphasizes the complex interaction of grape variety, viticulture, and soil to produce great wines. Experts will discuss factors such as soil surface color, drainage, and chemical composition to understand terroir, a term defined as vineyard site, soil, and climate.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed hybrid molecules that can regulate copper-induced amyloid-beta aggregation, disrupting clump formation and breaking up existing clumps. The new compounds also hold promise in treating Alzheimer's disease and may be able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
The K-State team is developing tools that can predict the consequences of water policy decisions on communities. The interdisciplinary study examines how changes in policy and water use practices affect everything from land use practices to population shifts.
A study of 2,477 people with MS found that those who experienced relapses within five years of onset had a higher risk of needing a cane for walking. However, the impact of these early relapses diminished over time. The study suggests that younger people with MS may benefit from timely treatment to change the course of progression.
A new weight control method called Health-At-Every-Size (HAES) has been found to be effective in reducing certain eating behaviors. HAES focuses on a healthy lifestyle rather than weight loss, with an emphasis on size acceptance and non-dieting.
Penn researchers identify a novel cellular source of atrial fibrillation, the most common type of abnormal heart beat, and suggest a more precise way to treat AF with reduced side effects.
A $3.45 million project is studying how bacteria degrade RDX and determining its potential for bioremediation. Bacteria like Rhodococcus and Gordonia have evolved to thrive on the contaminants left behind by high-energy compounds.
A team of ecologists highlights the importance of combining environmental conditions with climate models to predict species distribution. Paleoecological studies show that past climate variability has affected tree species distributions, and future changes in climate variability need to be considered when predicting species responses.
A new USC study estimates that heavy traffic corridors in Long Beach and Riverside contribute significantly to childhood asthma cases, with 9% of cases in Long Beach and 6% in Riverside linked to air pollution. Ship emissions from the Los Angeles-Long Beach port complex also exacerbate asthma symptoms.
Researchers have developed a less-expensive method to measure carotenoids in pumpkins and squash, which are rich in antioxidants. The study found strong correlations between colorimetric values and carotenoid content, enabling breeders to create new varieties with improved nutritional value.
The energy gap concept estimates the change in energy balance required to achieve and sustain reduced body weight outcomes. Researchers suggest that small changes of 100 kcal/day can prevent weight regain in most adults, but larger gaps of 200-300 kcal/day are needed for maintenance.
A new study found that postmenopausal women with higher testosterone levels are three times as likely to have coronary heart disease and the metabolic syndrome compared to those with lower testosterone levels. Insulin resistance is also more common in these women.
A shortened, more intensive course of radiation therapy has been shown to be as effective as traditional treatments for early-stage breast cancers, with no significant side effects. This accelerated hypofractionated whole breast irradiation option is more time-efficient and cost-effective.
Scientists studied primate finger ratios, finding a link between high prenatal androgen exposure and competitive social behavior. Great Apes showed lower androgen levels, which may explain their cooperative behavior and tolerance of males.
Researchers found that yoga significantly reduced pain intensity and pain medication use in minority populations with chronic low back pain. The study, which included 12 weeks of hatha yoga classes, showed promising results for this often underrepresented population.
A clinical study found that cutting back on processed and fried foods, high in AGEs, reduces inflammation and restores natural defenses. The 'AGE-less diet' reduced blood AGE levels and improved biomarkers of vascular function by 60%, even in people with kidney disease.
Research reveals that broccoli contains abundant levels of the carotenoid lutein, an antioxidant linked to improved eye health and reduced risk of cancer. Lutein levels are influenced by genetics, not environment, making it a promising target for breeding programs aimed at producing higher-lutein broccoli varieties.
The Journal of Dairy Science, the official journal of the American Dairy Science Association, has been selected as a new publisher by Elsevier. With an Impact Factor of 2.486 and 5-year Impact Factor of 2.978, it ranks first in agriculture, dairy and animal science category.
Scientists confirm ultra-thin coating of carbon on neutron star using Chandra's X-ray spectrum and theoretical models. The discovery resolves a ten-year mystery surrounding the object, explaining its lack of pulsations.
Most central US small earthquakes are aftershocks of magnitude 7 New Madrid quakes in 1811 and 1812. Aftershocks continue due to slow fault movement, unlike faster-moving faults like San Andreas.
Researchers at the Genome Institute of Singapore have made a significant breakthrough in understanding gene expression and regulation by developing a novel technology called ChIA-PET, which successfully mapped long-range chromatin interactions throughout the human genome.
A team of researchers has identified a promising drug candidate for treating spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a genetic disease that affects approximately 1 in 6,000 babies born in the US. The tetracycline-like compound boosts SMN protein levels by fixing an RNA splicing error, resulting in increased functional protein production.
A recent study by the University of Cincinnati reveals that relationship with father plays a significant role in adult family responsibilities among homeless veterans. The research found that those with high father involvement reported more nurturing and supportive parenting styles.
A study of floral consumption values reveals that consumers prioritize emotional conditioning and sensory hedonics in flower purchases. Heavy users of flowers are more likely to be emotionally stimulated and seek product variety, presenting a marketing challenge for retailers.
A recent study published in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that eating quickly can lead to overeating by curbing the release of hormones that signal fullness. Researchers discovered that subjects who took their time consuming a meal had higher concentrations of appetite-regulating hormones,...
Curcumin, found in turmeric, shows promise in treating colon cancer, psoriasis, and Alzheimer's. The nano-size capsule boosts curcumin absorption, increasing antioxidant levels in the blood.
Researchers found that increased ambient particulate matter levels are associated with increased ER visits for respiratory illness, while a new lung age formula more accurately calculates a smoker's 'lung age.' Pulmonary rehabilitation programs also showed higher abstinence rates among smokers with COPD.
Researchers have uncovered a complex heteromeric structure of the essential enzyme PPCDC in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, composed of non-identical proteins. The discovery sheds new light on CoA biosynthesis and presents potential targets for antifungal therapy.
Scientists at UNC and UCSF developed a computational method to compare drug structures with naturally occurring ligands, predicting potential new uses and unexpected side effects of approved drugs. The approach has been validated in wet laboratory experiments.
Studies reveal an increasing number of ICU patients discharged home, while tele-ICUs reduce carbon footprint and costs. Excessive propofol use may lead to high omega-6 exposure, posing safety concerns. Abnormal sleep habits among ICU nurses may increase errors, but remote teleintensivist programs improve hospital mortality.
A new therapeutic approach targets proliferation of cancer cells without affecting normal cells, showing promise for selective eradication of human cancers. Researchers developed a phenanthridine derived polyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that efficiently kills breast cancer cells while leaving healthy cells untouched.
Researchers at Fox Chase Cancer Center found that radiation therapy for women with early-stage breast cancer can be shortened from six to seven weeks to four weeks using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The study showed acceptable side effects and similar cure rates and cosmetic results as traditional treatment.
A study found that cancer patients value honesty from their oncologists about treatment outcomes, with prostate cancer patients showing a stronger preference for candor. The study also reveals that patients prefer casual clothing and informal communication styles, such as being called by their first names.
A new lung age formula more accurately calculates a smoker's 'lung age,' which researchers hope will help persuade patients to quit the habit. Pulmonary rehab programs also show promise in improving smoking cessation rates, with higher abstinence rates among participants.
Astronomers have identified the youngest neutron star ever discovered, located 11,000 light years from Earth. The star was born in a violent supernova explosion 330 years ago and features a unique carbon atmosphere just 10 centimeters thick.
The University of Oklahoma has received over $10 million in federal stimulus grants to support 33 research projects across various disciplines, including archaeology, weather, and genetics. The funding will enable OU researchers to tackle important problems with practical benefits for Oklahoma and the nation.
A team of researchers from Harvard University discovered that army ant colonies can be cooperative instead of combative when they lose their queen. The lost workers are absorbed by neighboring colonies and integrate quickly, often losing their distinct colony odor within days.
A recent study published in HortScience found that Indiana's farmers' markets have grown at twice the national rate, with factors like paying fees, customer numbers, and WIC vouchers influencing vendor participation. Cooking demonstrations also boosted customer traffic, attracting up to 200 more customers per week.
A team of researchers found that community-based education and awareness programs minimized the death toll from the recent Samoan tsunami. The study suggests that tsunami education, awareness, and evacuation exercises played a crucial role in containing the death toll, with most people evacuated after experiencing an earthquake.
A new study by Henry Ford Hospital found that a patient's socioeconomic status has no effect on their outcome following curative radiation therapy for prostate cancer. The study analyzed data from 788 patients and found that all patients, regardless of race or income, had similar survival rates and biochemical control rates.
Australian scientists have achieved world-leading oil production rates from algae grown in open saline ponds, paving the way for commercial quantities of clean biofuel. The multi-million dollar pilot plant will test the whole process on a larger scale and aims to produce biofuel at less than $1 a kilo.
Researchers at OHSU Knight Cancer Institute have found a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy given before prostate removal to be safe and potentially reduce cancer recurrence rates. The treatment regimen resulted in improved outcomes, with clean cancer margins and undetectable PSA levels in patients.
A new initiative aims to sequence the genomes of 10,000 vertebrates, including whales, dolphins, and porpoises, to gain better understanding of species diversity, evolution, and conservation. The project, called Genome 10K, has the potential to revolutionize our knowledge of cetaceans and inform effective conservation strategies.
Scientists developed a fast and affordable paper-based test strip that can detect minute amounts of pesticides in food and beverages. The test, which produces results in under 5 minutes, has the potential to improve pesticide testing in developing countries.
Researchers found a significant link between osteoporosis and bronchiectasis, as well as a new formula to calculate 'lung age' in smokers that may help with quitting. Low muscle mass and high body fat are also associated with poor lung function in the elderly. Additionally, vitamin B12 deficiency may be linked to chronic cough.
A study published in Geology has used InSAR to detect signs of activity in four volcanoes in Kenya's Rift Valley, showing episodic pulses of magma arriving at the crust. The findings highlight the geothermal potential of the region and pose a challenge for human hazard risk management.
Aging population faces limitations with technology due to age-related changes such as vision and hearing difficulties, motor control issues, and cognitive decline. Psychologists propose web design improvements like larger fonts, navigation aids, and instructional support to alleviate stress and improve usability.
A long-forgotten fossil skull has provided crucial clues to the early stages of tyrannosaur evolution. Proceratosaurus, an ancient ancestor of Tyrannosaurus rex, shares many features with its famous descendant, including powerful biting apparatus and a bulky skull.
Men with prostate cancer who experience PSA rise within 18 months of radiotherapy are at higher risk of developing spread and dying from their disease. The time between treatment and PSA recurrence has been shown to be a significant predictor of cancer-specific mortality.
Scientists from Tufts University have proposed a link between cholera outbreaks and fluctuating water levels in the region's three principal rivers. The researchers found two distinctive epidemic patterns associated with seasonal cycles of low river flows and floods.
Gordon is a powerful supercomputer that will use flash memory to speed solutions to critical science and societal problems overwhelmed by the growing amount of data generated by digital devices. The system will feature 245 teraflops of compute power, 256 TB of flash memory, and four petabytes of disk storage.
Researchers have created a new colloidial fluid model that mimics the behavior of glasses, including common window glass and sugars like honey. The improved model uses soft particles to delay solidification, resulting in a more glass-like behavior.
The EMBO Young Investigators Programme identifies top European young life scientists, offering academic and financial help to set up independent research labs. The selected 17 young group leaders work in nine countries, with an average age of 36 and four women, and will benefit from various activities including mentorship and networking.
Researchers have detected distinct molecular disparities between induced pluripotent stem cells and their parental cells, including differences in epigenetic signatures. These findings provide new insights into the fundamental nature of stem cells and may inform therapeutic applications.
Researchers in Belgium successfully differentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into major cell types of lung epithelial tissue using an air-liquid interface. The technique could provide an alternative to lung transplants for patients with chronic pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis.
The Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Singapore joins an international effort to sequence the genomes of 10,000 species, enabling comparisons between animal and human genomes. This will help scientists understand evolutionary changes and predict responses to climate change, pollution, and disease.
Researchers found that scheduling irrigation according to daily water use (DWU) substantially reduced irrigation application compared to control methods, while maintaining or improving plant growth. The study categorized woody ornamental plants into low, moderate, and high water users, allowing for more efficient watering strategies.
Research at CHEST 2009 found that patients who have undergone a liver transplant are at an increased risk for developing cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Additionally, Asian Indians experience heart attacks at an earlier age than Caucasians, suggesting potential disparities in ...
According to new research, background images in charts and graphs can actually enhance one's ability to read them. When presented against a contrasting background, design elements such as rectangles or circles make the graph pop out, allowing viewers to focus on individual components more effectively.
Researchers tested 'Thermal Blue' and 'Dura Blue' hybrids for optimal seeding rates, seed timing, and mowing height requirements. Both hybrids showed promise in the transition zone, with 'Thermal Blue' performing well in seeding trials and requiring frequent mowing.
A study by Boston Children's Hospital researchers suggests three optimal scenarios for school closures: single-day absentee rate of 5%, consecutive days of 4% or more absenteeism, and three consecutive days of 3% or more. Scenario #2 is preferred for its balance between sensitivity and specificity.
Pediatric physicians tend to pragmatically consider religion and spirituality in family decision-making and end-of-life situations, but view them as barriers when they conflict with medical decisions. The study found that pediatricians often welcome patients' religious beliefs when medicine has failed or all options are exhausted.
Researchers at Florida Atlantic University's Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute develop novel seeding techniques to produce beaded and non-beaded cultured pearls from the queen conch. The breakthrough enables more efficient and environmentally sustainable culturing of this commercially threatened species.
Scientists support abiotic synthesis of methane, a main ingredient in natural gas, through chemical reactions. The study suggests that extreme conditions deep below Earth's surface can lead to hydrocarbon formation.
A study found that children's networks show 76% more food commercials per hour compared to other networks, featuring unhealthy foods like sugary cereals and fast food. The ads are often targeting Hispanic viewers, who are facing an increasing obesity rate.
Researchers developed a dynamic tool, Trellis Tension Monitor (TTM), to estimate grape yields in trellised crops. The system detects weight change on trellised grapevines, enabling growers to create more efficient timetables for grape-picking operations.
A study found that teen girls diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease who watched a short educational video were three times more likely to discuss their condition with partners and ensure partner treatment. Despite this, adherence to medication and follow-up remained poor, highlighting the need for in-depth counseling.
A study found that left- and right-handed individuals have distinct body maps in the brain, influencing how they perceive their physical bodies. Left-handers estimated both arms as equal length, while right-handers consistently perceived their right arm as longer.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has renewed a five-year, $56 million contract to study asthma in children living in lower-income, inner-city environments. The Inner-City Asthma Consortium (ICAC) will evaluate promising new therapies to reduce asthma severity and prevent disease.
Scientists have observed the emergence of a new adaptation strategy in bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, where variable offspring can survive in different environments. This bet-hedging strategy allows for species survival under rapidly changing environmental conditions.
A study found that on-demand chest radiographs for mechanically ventilated patients resulted in a third fewer radiographs without compromising patient care. The on-demand strategy was associated with significant cost savings and decreased radiation exposure.
Researchers found that readers better understood, remembered and emotionally responded to material found through searching compared to surfing. Information was also better retained when individuals conducted specific searches for information.
Researchers have developed a quantum gas microscope that allows them to observe single atoms at extremely low temperatures, exhibiting bizarre behavior. The device enables the study of novel quantum materials and simulations of condensed matter systems.
The Genome 10K Project aims to sequence the genomes of 10,000 vertebrate species to understand evolutionary changes and inform conservation efforts. The project will analyze genomic data to reveal evolutionary changes and annotate experimental findings related to specific sites of change.
A recent study published in HortScience has confirmed that a high diversity of historic apple genotypes remains in homestead orchards in the US Southwest. The research identified 144 genotypes, including 34 cultivars brought to the region by Stark Brothers Nursery and USDA agricultural experiment stations.
Research at CHEST 2009 reveals that CPAP therapy may be associated with a slight weight gain in patients, while large tonsils in children may predict sleep apnea. Oral appliances offer an effective alternate treatment for military service members, and abnormal sleep habits among ICU nurses may increase errors