Research published in BMC Medicine reveals children with low self-esteem and emotional problems are more likely to gain weight over 20 years. Early intervention strategies may help improve long-term physical health.
A new study found that bean plants' natural defenses against bacterial infections cause the bacteria to exchange DNA, potentially leading to the emergence of more pathogenic strains. This process could have significant implications for understanding the relationship between pathogens and their hosts.
The booklet summarizes a Public Policy Seminar discussing ways to capture the value of culture, media and sport. Experts highlight the need for more comprehensive methods to understand the impact of these sectors on society. The seminar aimed to develop a strategic evidence base for policy-relevant research.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health have found a mechanism that makes human pathogens like MRSA and anthrax resistant to numerous antibiotics. By eliminating the oxidative stress caused by many antibiotics, NO can be neutralized, rendering existing antibiotics more potent at lower doses.
A study published in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs found that 18 US colleges with significant student drinking problems showed little change in their alcohol habits over a decade. Persistent high levels of binge drinking and unhealthy behaviors, such as drunk driving and unprotected sex, were also unchanged.
A 70% vaccination rate in the US population, targeting children and high-risk groups, could slow pandemic H1N1 spread. Vaccination is more effective than social distancing measures in controlling the epidemic.
Research by the Universities of Exeter and Queensland shows that membership of social groups has a positive impact on health and well-being. Studies have found that people who maintain valued group memberships recover more positively after a stroke, are happier in care homes, and experience improved mental health.
Researchers at Weizmann Institute discovered a new protein partnership between TrkA and CCM2 that leads to pediatric tumor regression. This finding may lead to the development of drugs that induce tumor regression. The study found that TrkA and CCM2 are always expressed together in tumors with high regression rates.
A study by WCS field scientists found that a single road in the park can change how indigenous communities use their resources, leading to commercial hunting and wildlife depletion. The researchers recorded over 11,000 kilograms of wild meat moving through markets between 2005-2007, with prices increasing by up to 60%.
A new study found that 5% of Spanish waiters have stopped smoking, and those who continue to smoke consume fewer cigarettes. The law banning smoking in public places has significantly reduced nicotine exposure among workers.
Researchers have discovered that Fanconi anemia and breast cancer proteins are controlled by replication at DNA damage sites. This finding highlights a new paradigm for understanding the repair of DNA crosslinks in both FA and BRCA cancer proteins.
A new study uses genome sequencing to profile genetic diversity among M. ulcerans isolates, showing clonal relationships but distinct single nucleotide polymorphisms. The findings suggest a focal transmission pattern for Buruli ulcer, with local genetic variants not quickly spread over long distances.
Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) claim an estimated 1.2 million child lives annually. Effective vaccines exist but their use is limited in low-income countries. Implementing pneumococcal vaccine could save over 440,000 children's lives by 2015.
Researchers at Uppsala University have discovered that cellulose nanostructure from green algae can serve as an effective coating substrate for environmentally friendly batteries. The new material enables the production of lightweight batteries with high charge capacities.
Researchers have developed genetically modified pea seeds that produce antibodies against coccidiosis, reducing treatment costs and making it easier to use in commercial settings. The study found that chickens fed these antibody-containing pea seeds were significantly less likely to contract the disease.
A Barrow scientist has received a $400,000 grant to investigate Von Economo Neurons (VENs), cells potentially linked to quick decision making and social disabilities in autism. The research aims to understand the neural basis for human awareness and VENs' role in species evolution.
Researchers at UC Riverside found that second-hand cigarette smoke exposure can lead to fat accumulation in liver cells, causing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study highlights the potential for targeting molecular regulators SREBP and AMPK to develop new treatments for NAFLD.
Researchers found that the endothelin receptor plays a role in vaso-occlusive pain in sickle cell disease, with males more sensitized to pain. Females have more of the ETB receptor, which may explain better pain control and reduced sensitivity.
The Purdue-led NEEScomm Center will connect 14 research equipment sites and the earthquake engineering community through cyberinfrastructure, education, and outreach efforts. The center aims to develop better ways of reducing earthquake damage through improved materials, construction techniques, and monitoring tools.
Researchers found ancient flax fibers in a Georgia cave dated to around 34,000 years ago, providing evidence of an early human invention. The discovery suggests that early humans used these fibers for clothing, ropes, and baskets to aid survival and mobility in harsh conditions.
Hurricane Linda is expected to weaken due to cooler waters and wind shear, with a 10% opening in her eyewall revealed by NASA's Aqua satellite. The storm's maximum sustained winds near 85 mph are weakening, and tropical storm force winds extend out 140 miles from the center.
Studies estimate that pneumococcal disease caused about 826,000 deaths in children aged 1-59 months, while Hib disease caused around 371,000 deaths. These figures highlight the importance of effective interventions and vaccines to reduce child mortality and attain Millennium Development Goal 4
In a preliminary study, intravenous ketamine was found to acutely reduce suicidal thoughts in treatment-resistant depression patients. The reduction in suicidality was maintained when patients received repeated doses over two weeks, suggesting potential as an attractive treatment option for high-risk suicidal patients.
Research teams need more focused investigation into Arctic effects of global warming, particularly in early spring and winter.
Researchers highlight the need to study the indirect effects of climate change on plants, animals, and humans in the Arctic. The authors emphasize the importance of understanding the ecology of Arctic winters, conservation of ecosystems, and the impact of extreme events.
A study led by MSU researcher Kimberly Fenn found that sleep helps reduce false memories and improve performance in individuals with poor memory, including seniors. This suggests that sleep strengthens the source of the memory, allowing for better recall and recognition.
The TCT 2009 symposium will feature a discussion on Electronic Health Records (EHR) and Personal Health Records (PHR), considering selection, implementation, and economics of these solutions. National experts will also address the implications of ARRA and healthcare reform on EHR.
Johns Hopkins researchers find two force-sensitive proteins, myosin II and cortexillin I, cooperate to sense cell shape disturbances and resculpt cells for smooth division. This discovery could lead to new targets for diagnosing and treating diseases like cancer.
The Arctic is experiencing dramatic biological responses to global warming, with many iconic species facing extinction due to loss of polar ice habitat. However, some species are adapting, such as reindeer that benefit from melting snow, while others, like caribou, are declining in numbers.
A new biomarker test has been developed to predict the effectiveness of antidepressant medication in patients with major depression, allowing for quick switching to more effective treatments. The test measures changes in brain-wave patterns and showed an accuracy rate of 74%.
The study reveals that nearly two-thirds of adolescent deaths in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia occurred, despite these regions containing only 42% of the global 10—24-year-old population. Traffic accidents and violence were among the leading causes of death, with more than half of all deaths due to injuries or violence.
The International Conference on Endothelin presented promising results for new endothelin receptor antagonist drugs, which may benefit conditions like kidney disease and pulmonary hypertension. However, challenges in determining the best treatment approach and addressing potential side effects must be overcome.
A University of Washington Seaglider achieved a record-breaking 9-month, 5-day mission in the Pacific Ocean, covering over 3,050 miles under its own power. The vehicle, propelled by its shape and dive maneuvers, surpassed previous endurance records for autonomous underwater vehicles.
Researchers found that obese children with larger waists are more likely to develop risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including high triglycerides and low HDL levels. Routine waist measurements may help identify which children are at a greater risk of developing the warning signs of cardiovascular disease.
Researchers have found RNA interference (RNAi) in budding yeast species, including Saccharomyces castellii and Candida albicans. The discovery opens up new possibilities for studying RNAi and its potential applications in human diseases, research, industry, and pharmaceuticals. This breakthrough also highlights the importance of collab...
Researchers at Cornell University created a simple solar cell using a single-walled carbon nanotube, which converts light to electricity in an extremely efficient process. The device produces more electrical current with higher levels of photon energy.
The global average annual rate of reduction in under-5 mortality has increased from 2000-2008 compared to 1990-2000. However, the world is still far from achieving Millennium Development Goal 4, with many regions not on track to meet the target.
Researchers from the University of Leicester have shown that exchange of DNA occurs between the X and Y chromosomes, potentially giving the Y chromosome a way to fix mutations. The study challenges scientific theory that the X and Y chromosomes did not communicate at all.
Dr. Orly Lahav's BlindAid software tool uses a joystick and 3-D haptic device to provide tactile feedback, allowing the blind to navigate and explore virtual environments. The tool is connected to real-world maps, enabling users to build cognitive maps and take control of their lives.
The Beach Museum of Art at K-State is receiving $20,000 in grants to support its programming for children, including arts-in-education tours and early childhood classes. These grants will enable the museum to provide arts integrated tours for school children and Growing up ARTSmart programs.
The fisheries industry's pursuit of consumer-friendly fish products is impacting fish populations worldwide. Scientists have found that repeated selective harvesting is causing changes in fish morphology, development, and behavior.
The University of Texas at San Antonio has received a $2.7 million grant from the National Science Foundation to study nanomaterials and their biomedical applications. The research will focus on six areas, including rare earth-based nanoparticles, medical applications, and new materials in biology and neuroscience.
Researchers studied historical DNA samples to track the evolution of a species of tropical butterfly infected with the bacterium Wolbachia, which kills males. The study found that the male-to-female ratio in populations fluctuated rapidly due to the interaction between the species and the bacteria over time and geographical space.
The CSIRO has chosen 10 major science projects for its Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope, which will tackle astrophysical issues and advance the field of astronomy. The projects include a deep survey for star-forming galaxies and a survey for galaxies containing neutral hydrogen gas.
Researchers at Medical College of Wisconsin identify genetic region on chromosome 13 responsible for cardiovascular collapse during anesthesia, similar to Michael Jackson's death. The study uses a rat model to understand the mechanism and potential gene involved, which could lead to preventing deaths and accidents in humans.
A University at Buffalo researcher has found that people who live through traumatic experiences can bounce back and even grow stronger, thanks to certain qualities such as emotional expression, social support, and a positive outlook. These factors are crucial in predicting levels of distress and resilience among trauma survivors.
Researchers apply brain imaging techniques to create efficient and fair solutions to the public-goods provision problem. By analyzing fMRI data, individuals are incentivized to truthfully value public goods, reducing free-riding behavior.
The study emphasizes the importance of including plastic surgeons in disaster-relief efforts, particularly in medical cases involving physical scarring and nerve damage. Plastic surgeons bring expertise in soft tissue trauma, facial trauma, burn management, and other areas that can be made worse by lack of quick attention.
A new study found that personal connections can lead to further investment in failing programs, even to one's own financial detriment. Business leaders and organizations should carefully consider integrating a true outsider to make more decisive decisions.
A study by Harvard University researchers estimates that China's electricity demands projected for 2030 can be met by wind power. The switch from coal to greener energy would reduce carbon emissions, but requires an investment of around $900 billion dollars.
University of Missouri researchers create a new type of blast-resistant glass that is thinner, lighter, and less expensive than current options. The glass features a layer of glass fibers embedded in plastic, increasing its strength and resistance to small-scale explosions.
The Iowa Power Fund supports a three-year project to develop new, low-cost manufacturing systems that could improve wind energy production by up to 35 percent. The laboratory will focus on automation, quality control, and nondestructive inspection of turbine blades.
Dr. Dentcho Genov's research, published in Nature Physics, explores the link between metamaterials and celestial mechanics to investigate phenomena like black holes in a controlled laboratory environment.
A new study published in Current Biology found that a parasite killing male butterflies caused a rapid shift in the sex ratio of a tropical butterfly species, from 2:1 to 10:1. The researchers used museum specimens and modern tools to analyze the changes, providing insight into evolutionary processes.
Researchers found that pandemic H1N1 influenza binds weakly to receptors in the lungs compared to the upper respiratory tract. This may explain why people infected with the pandemic strain experience more severe symptoms. The study suggests monitoring changes in the virus's ability to infect cells to minimize its impact.
A longitudinal study of over 1,000 New Zealanders from birth to age 32 found that people underreport mental illness, and the actual rate of anxiety, depression, and substance dependency may be higher. The study's findings challenge current diagnostic standards and suggest that mental illness may be more common than previously thought.
Researchers found that enlarged fat cells and a higher waist-to-height ratio are key indicators of future diabetes in women. The study, published in the FASEB Journal, provides a simple tool for identifying women at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Endothelin receptor antagonists have shown benefits in treating pulmonary hypertension, resistant arterial hypertension, and proteinuric renal disease. These drugs work by blocking the effects of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor that can contribute to various diseases.
Plant scientists at the University of Montreal have discovered a key mechanism that enables plants to prevent dangerous gene alterations, ensuring their survival. This finding has implications for understanding gene repair mechanisms in humans and preventing devastating diseases.