Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a protein in sensory cells of fruit flies that allows them to detect and avoid noxious chemicals. The discovery opens up new possibilities for controlling insect pests and protecting crops.
The International Barcode of Life (iBOL) project has received a significant funding boost, totaling $80 million from Canadian agencies. The new funding will support the expansion of DNA barcode data and informatics platforms to facilitate species identification and discovery.
A retrospective study found that complete revascularization significantly improved outcomes for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), with a 3-year mortality rate of 6.6% compared to 14.8% in those with incomplete revascularization. The study also revealed that advanced medical therapy may contribute to improved mortality rates.
Researchers warn that biometric logins may not be secure on the go due to mobile device limitations. Biometric technology uses fingerprints, voice recognition, or typing patterns for authentication.
USDA ARS scientists collaborated with NRC experts to model radioactive material movement in the vadose zone. They found that gaps in fine-material layers significantly affect tracer transport in soils and shallow groundwater.
Researchers present novel approaches to identify and treat congenital cardiovascular defects, which can lead to heart failure. Studies focus on molecular mechanisms and imaging techniques to diagnose and follow patients.
Researchers found that volunteers high in neuroticism traits had lower volumes of gray matter in the frontal and medial temporal brain regions compared to those high in conscientious traits. This association suggests that personality may influence the rate of brain aging.
Researchers investigate seismic activity in the Midwest US, shedding light on causes of intraplate earthquakes. The study reveals insights into stress within fault zones and the impact of glacial rebound on earthquake frequency. Key findings also highlight correlations between mantle density structures and topographic uplift.
Cyclone 24S was renamed Tropical Storm Sean as it matured, going through two numbered nicknames before receiving its human name. It showed strong thunderstorms with cloud tops as cold as -63°F, and forecasters predict further intensification over the next 12-24 hours.
Iain Buxton, a pharmacology professor at University of Nevada School of Medicine, received a share of $2.6 million in grants to study genetic variants contributing to preterm birth. His study aims to predict and prevent preterm births by identifying alterations in a specific gene.
A study published in Medical Decision Making predicts that adult US obesity rates will remain stable over the next 10 years. However, certain groups such as black young adults, children aged 6-9, and black children are projected to experience rising overweight rates.
The Lancet China special issue was launched at a joint event in Beijing, combining the inauguration of the China Center for Health Development Studies. The issue features various articles on healthcare reform, children's health, air and water quality, and more.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have created micro-supercapacitors with high energy storage densities, potentially replacing batteries in portable devices. The new technology integrates supercapacitors into microfabrication processes, enabling faster and longer-lasting energy storage.
A study on trembling aspen found that phenolic glycosides and extrafloral nectaries are distributed together in the same leaves, contradicting previous assumptions. The presence of extrafloral nectaries is positively correlated with higher levels of chemical defenses, suggesting a complex relationship between these defense mechanisms.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that individuals who received the 1976 vaccine mounted a stronger immune response against both the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus and a different H1N1 strain. The study suggests that routine vaccination against seasonal flu might confer broader-than-realized protection.
A new study reveals that even slight reductions in PTEN expression can significantly increase cancer susceptibility in specific tissues, implying that environmental factors like diet and carcinogens may drive tumor development. This finding has implications for the development of diagnostic tests targeted to these gene alterations.
Researchers found that men with multiple affected relatives have a substantially increased risk of developing prostate cancer. The study suggests that doctors should urgently recommend early detection screenings for men with several affected relatives, particularly if they have been diagnosed at a young age.
Researchers are developing a new chemical enhanced oil recovery technology to access the remaining oil in existing US reservoirs. The project aims to increase domestic oil production from marginal wells, reducing reliance on deepwater drilling.
Research finds that ozone and primary pollutants from traffic increase pediatric emergency department visits for asthma exacerbations. Low ozone concentrations as low as 30 ppb also show a dose-response relationship with increased hospitalizations.
The study provides genomic information that suggests possible intervention targets for further experimental investigation. The genome sequences of the two new bacterial strains will help researchers zero in on the molecular basis of citrus canker, shedding light on why one strain is more virulent than its counterparts.
Researchers used electronic medical records to coordinate care for marathon participants, finding benefits include real-time patient data sharing and improved preparation for future events. The study also showed potential for identifying trends in injury patterns.
A national survey found that nearly four in 10 Americans who want to repeal the law also support its core provisions, including insurance mandates. The public option was surprisingly popular, with 59% of respondents supporting it when framed as a choice between government and private health insurance.
A new study by Tel Aviv University researchers reveals that pollution can significantly alter thunderstorm intensity, leading to changes in local weather patterns and rainfall. The study used lightning patterns as a quantitative measure of the impact of air pollution on cloud development over large areas.
A Johns Hopkins study suggests that a commonly used bypass surgery technique may impair the brain's ability to regulate blood flow, increasing the risk of stroke. Researchers found that seven patients experienced strokes after cooling and rewarming, highlighting the need for improved monitoring to prevent such incidents.
Researchers at Scripps Research and GNF identify a region of TRPV1 protein that enables temperature sensitivity, shedding light on how temperature receptors work in the human body. The findings could lead to new therapies for conditions such as inflammatory pain.
Researchers identified 158 human genes targeted by herpesvirus miRNAs, which regulate host gene expression and evade the immune system. The study provides insights into viral miRNA functions and suggests potential targets for innovative antiviral agents.
Researchers found that variations in STX1A expression account for 15.6% of cognitive variation in WS patients, a high level of confidence compared to prior genetic studies.
A team of experts has embarked on a groundbreaking project to develop sustainable aviation fuels in Australia and New Zealand. The Sustainable Aviation Fuels Road Map aims to accelerate the development of bio-derived jet fuels that can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the aviation sector.
Research found that extremely preterm infants have abnormal lung function and are twice as likely to have asthma. Lung function impairment persists into middle childhood, especially those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Early monitoring and treatment can minimize long-term respiratory problems.
CSIRO researchers have developed a salt-tolerant durum wheat that yields 25% more grain than the parent variety in saline soils. This breakthrough will enable wheat farmers to achieve higher yields of durum wheat in salty areas.
A Florida State University study suggests that teacher quality has a direct impact on students' reading achievement, with better teachers allowing children to reach their optimal learning trajectory. The research used data from identical and fraternal twins to estimate the genetic and environmental influences on reading variability.
Richard Goldstein, a professor at Boston University School of Medicine, has been awarded an Individual Biomedical Research Award for his project on developing a vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae. The proposed vaccine targets highly conserved surface proteins across all pneumococcal strains.
A recent review found that approximately 25% of breast cancers and 60% of prostate cancers detected by screening tests may not be destined to cause symptoms or death due to overdiagnosis. This phenomenon leads to unnecessary treatment and other harms, emphasizing the need for strategies to address it.
The EAU Congress ended its 25th anniversary meeting in Barcelona with awards for outstanding research in urology. Despite volcanic eruptions disrupting travel plans, the congress proceeded and recognized excellence in cancer and non-cancer research.
Joël Bellaïche has been awarded the American Mathematical Society's (AMS) Centennial Fellowship, a prestigious award recognizing his excellence in mathematical research. The fellowship provides a stipend of $77,000 and an expense allowance, allowing him to pursue his research interests in the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.
The UCLA engineer has created a miniature microscope, the world's smallest and lightest for telemedicine applications. The lensless microscope can deliver health care in resource-limited settings by analyzing blood samples or fluids instantly.
Researchers found that vaccinated birds can shed vaccine virus to infect other birds, and live vaccines do not always protect against infection from other viral strains. The use of modified live virus vaccines may be increasing the diversity of Newcastle Disease viruses circulating in wild birds.
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology will present 10 scientists with various awards for their outstanding contributions to the field. This year's awardees include Phillip Sharp, Sarah Keller, David Russell, James Wells, John Tesmer, Lisa Gentile, Susan S. Taylor, Douglas Rees, and Ruedi Aebersold.
Researchers have linked diabetes to a 40% greater risk of developing atrial fibrillation, with the risk rising for longer duration of diabetes and less controlled blood sugar levels.
Scientists used DNA barcoding to identify 25% of 'cod' and 'haddock' samples as genetically different species, highlighting a need for transparency in the seafood industry. The study found that smoked fish samples were incorrectly labeled at an 82.4% rate, with some species masquerading as cod or haddock.
A new study published in The Lancet found that injected liraglutide is more effective than oral sitagliptin at controlling blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate control on standard treatment metformin. Liraglutide was well tolerated with minimal risk of hypoglycaemia.
A recent study by the Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute found that up to 49% of physicians interpreting screening mammograms could benefit from additional training. The study identified criteria for low-performance measures, targeting ranges of accuracy and potential overuse of tests.
Researchers found 7.3% of children aged 0-18 years in the UK are reported as being disabled, leading to higher levels of poverty and personal disadvantage. Families with disabled children experience reduced career progression and increased financial burdens due to caregiving responsibilities.
A Caltech-led team has engineered a simple yet versatile material that bends light in the 'wrong' direction, making it ideal for efficient light collection in solar cells. The novel negative-index metamaterial can handle light with any polarization over a broad range of incident angles.
A recent study found that family caregivers with dementia experience a wide range of stressors, including behavior issues and financial strain. While existing interventions focus on specific stressors, research suggests that a one-size-fits-all approach is insufficient, highlighting the need for personalized interventions.
Scientists at TUM developed a novel biosensor chip that can detect specific proteins with high sensitivity, enabling early disease diagnosis. The chip can analyze multiple parameters, including protein concentration and alterations caused by diseases or medications.
Researchers identify a mechanism to turn developmental genes on and off as an embryo matures, involving the SUMO/SENP2 system. The study provides new insights into epigenetic control and its role in development, cancer, and neurological diseases.
Researchers at King's College London have discovered a new biochemical test that can accurately diagnose osteoarthritis earlier than existing methods. The test measures 163 chemical signals in a single blood sample and has been shown to be highly effective in identifying metabolite ratios associated with the condition.
Researchers from UBC have developed a mathematical model that unravels the generation of biological diversity within and between species. The model suggests that multiple traits acting in concert can generate diversity even with weak interactions, mirroring the complexity of reality.
A new technique combining gentle tapping and emotional focus has been shown to significantly reduce food cravings in people who are overweight or obese. After just four two-hour sessions, participants experienced a long-lasting reduction in cravings, with some even forgetting their previous struggles.
Research reveals that pathogenic strains of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) cause urinary tract infections by binding to bladder cells and triggering high levels of interleukin, an inflammatory cytokine. GBS infection may be more common than previously thought due to lack of clear risk factors.
Researchers found that human brains, nematode worms and computer chips have a Russian doll-like architecture and exhibit Rentian scaling. This discovery challenges the notion that the human brain is unique and highlights the importance of studying simple organisms like the worm to gain insights into our own evolution.
A four-year grant supports the development of updated growth charts based on data from 600 children with Down syndrome. The charts will better represent growth patterns and body mass index changes, enabling healthcare professionals to plan treatment and design preventive health programs.
A new decades-long study will investigate the health impacts of mobile phone use on at least 250,000 participants in five European countries. The COSMOS study aims to identify any possible health effects from long-term mobile phone use and will monitor participants' health for up to 30 years.
Scientists have characterized a general mechanism that controls transcription elongation in bacteria, revealing the active ribosome's role in adjusting transcriptional yield. This finding could lead to novel ways to interfere with bacterial gene expression and develop new antimicrobial therapies.
Researchers at Boyce Thompson Institute have discovered a complex sequence of events that create distinction between protoxylem and metaxylem cells. MicroRNA 165/6 moves out from its source cells to dissolve target messenger RNAs, leading to specific cell types developing in plants.
Researchers have captured the 3D atomic models of a single transporter protein in its three main structural states, revealing the 'alternating access' mechanism. This discovery offers a detailed understanding of the function of essential chemicals entering cells and creates opportunities for developing new drugs.
The study reveals the crystal structures of two key fluorescent proteins, blue and red, allowing for rational design of new proteins with specific colors. This breakthrough enables researchers to explore biological processes in normal cells versus cancer cells.
A study published in Experimental Biology and Medicine reports the discovery of periodic heart rate decelerations in premature human infants. The researchers developed a mathematical model based on Hopf bifurcation theory to describe the dynamics of these decelerations, which are statistically correlated with impending sepsis in neonates.
Tropical Cyclone 24S has strengthened to tropical storm strength with maximum sustained winds near 35 knots, located 570 nautical miles north of Learmonth, Australia. TRMM's rainfall rates indicate areas of light to moderate rainfall, with the storm forecast to intensify before weakening due to increased wind shear.