A study found that the rate of complex spinal fusion procedures for lower back issues increased significantly among Medicare recipients between 2002-2007, resulting in higher hospital charges and life-threatening complications. Decompression and simple fusion procedures saw a decline in rates during this period.
Researchers at UC Davis Cancer Center found that African-American women with advanced breast cancer have poorer survival rates than white and Hispanic counterparts, regardless of radiation therapy. Despite lower radiation therapy rates, black patients did not benefit from the treatment.
A PhD student at the University of Copenhagen has developed a molecular gauge that can measure DNA structure without disrupting it, using luminescent markers. This tool holds the potential to reveal new insights into DNA function and mechanism, as well as understand how new drugs work.
Physicists at Harvard University create an atomic-scale black hole by accelerating cold rubidium atoms towards a charged carbon nanotube. The experiment demonstrates the merging of cold-atom and nanoscale science, opening doors to new applications in materials and electronics.
A new study by the National Cancer Institute found that health care utilization, rather than biology, plays a more important role in colorectal cancer disparities among African Americans. The study revealed that blacks were less likely to receive follow-up colonoscopies after screening, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
The Semel Institute has established a new Integrative Phenotyping Center to study genetic and environmental factors in neuropsychiatric disorders. The center will enable large-scale phenotyping studies, including personality, cognition, and brain activity analysis.
A new mobile compression device has been shown to be as effective as medication in preventing blood clots after hip replacement surgery, with greater patient safety. The device reduces the risk of clot formation by maximizing blood flow and is comparable in cost to traditional blood thinners.
The Life Sciences Discovery Fund has awarded nearly $15 million to three Washington state-based health research programs. The programs aim to enhance cancer diagnosis and treatment through innovative approaches, including computational tools and ultrasound technologies.
A recent study found that blacks in the US are less likely to follow up on abnormal colon cancer screening test results, highlighting disparities in healthcare utilization. The study analyzed data from a large national trial and found that 62.6% of black participants went for a diagnostic colonoscopy, compared to 72.4% of white partici...
Scientists identified 20 sand fly species in Panama, including two carrying Leishmania naiffi, a parasite causing cutaneous leishmaniasis. The presence of Wolbachia bacteria in these flies may offer a strategy for disease control and prevention measures such as insect repellent and protective clothing.
Michigan State University is leading a global initiative to study the complex relationships between humans and the environment. With a $1.5 million NSF grant, MSU will build a global database of scholars and their projects, fostering collaboration and raising awareness about sustainability research.
A Carnegie Mellon student has created a technology called Skinput, which uses bio-acoustic sensors and machine learning to enable touchless control of smartphones and other mobile devices. The system can classify inputs with high accuracy, even when using different body parts.
Researchers discovered new pyrimidine compounds that target Src tyrosine kinases in medulloblastoma cells, showing reduced cell proliferation and tumor progression. These compounds may offer a more effective treatment option for childhood brain cancer, with potential synergistic effects when combined with chemotherapy.
Researchers have developed self-pollinating almond trees that can produce high-quality nuts without insect pollination. This breakthrough is crucial for almond growers facing rising costs due to honeybee shortages.
A new study by RAND Corporation and University of Michigan found a significant increase in middle-aged Americans reporting mobility-related disabilities. The proportion of people aged 50-64 who reported difficulties with daily activities increased significantly from 1997 to 2007.
A study found that Ontario's universal flu vaccine campaign reduces influenza illness attack rates, morbidity, and mortality at a reasonable cost to taxpayers. The campaign prevented an estimated 34,541 cases, 111 deaths, and $7.8 million in healthcare costs per season.
Convergent evolution of lignin synthesis in lycophytes reveals a novel pathway to engineer biomass composition. This discovery provides potential tools for improving digestibility and properties of biofuels, such as cellulosic ethanol.
A recent study published in JAMA found that withdrawing methotrexate treatment after 12 months of remission does not reduce the risk of relapse in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The study also identified a biomarker, MRP8/14, that can predict flares and suggests adjusting treatment intensity to individual patient needs.
A new 4,000-year study reconstructing fire history in the southern Appalachians supports the use of prescribed fire to reduce wildfire risk and restore forest health. The study found that fires became more frequent about 1,000 years ago, coinciding with the arrival of Native Americans.
A team of archaeologists has uncovered new clues about a prehistoric society that formed the foundation of urban life in the Middle East prior to the invention of the wheel. The site, Tell Zeidan, reveals evidence of trade, copper metallurgy, and pottery production.
Chronic mouth breathing can lead to abnormal facial and dental development, poor sleeping habits and academic performance. Treatment options are available, including surgical removal of tonsils and adenoids, and orthodontic intervention.
Theoretical physicist Nikodem Poplawski proposes that our universe could be born from the interior of an Einstein-Rosen bridge (wormhole) within a black hole, potentially resolving issues with the Big Bang theory and black hole information loss. This model may also explain cosmic inflation.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet finds that the limbic striatum, an evolutionarily old part of the brain, is involved in implicit learning of motor sequences. This discovery sheds light on fundamental learning systems shared with primitive vertebrates and has implications for developing treatments for diseases like Parkinson's.
A pattern connecting changes in Earth's orbital cycle to climate fluctuations has been discovered by UCSB geologist Lorraine Lisiecki. She found a correlation between the timing of climate change and eccentricity, as well as glacial cycles, which suggests internal instability within the climate system.
A study by Pitt/Magee research team found that women with preeclampsia have reduced numbers of endothelial progenitor cells, which are thought to help grow and maintain blood vessels. This adaptation didn't happen in patients with preeclampsia, a pregnancy disorder characterized by high blood pressure.
Hospitalizations for prescription opioid, sedative, and tranquilizer poisoning increased by 65% from 1999-2006. Unintentional poisonings by these drugs increased by 37%, while intentional overdoses rose by 130%.
A national study by Queen's University researchers has found a strong correlation between Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and a high prevalence of epilepsy. Six percent of participants had epilepsy, while twelve percent experienced one or more seizures in their lifetimes.
A new study estimates that up to two million sea turtles may have been caught in commercial fishing gear since 1990, highlighting the need for guidelines to reduce turtle bycatch. The study suggests that using circle hooks and Turtle Excluder Devices can significantly reduce losses.
A Saint Louis University doctor found no evidence supporting the use of natural treatments like St. John's wort for anxiety, instead recommending selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as a safe and effective first-line treatment option.
A new study of 43,596 Danish individuals found no statistically significant link between specific genetic variants and an increased risk of Crohn's disease. The study suggests that the effect of these genetic variants on disease risk is likely to be low, challenging personalized medicine approaches.
A large study of over 400,000 men and women found that high fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a small reduction in overall cancer risk. However, the findings suggest that any potential cancer-protective effect is modest at best.
A Mount Sinai study of over 400,000 people found that high fruit and vegetable consumption reduces cancer risk by only 3%, with benefits limited to certain populations. The researchers concluded that the association is weak and may not justify increased dietary recommendations.
A new study from the University of Michigan Health System found that doctors who own a surgery center operate on average twice as many patients as those without such financial ties. This increased caseload may be due to lowered treatment thresholds, suggesting potential conflicts of interest among physician owners.
The South East Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network emphasizes the importance of laboratory improvement for generating reliable data in resource-constrained settings. Local experts and scientists are vital to research, requiring active participation in scientific activities and continuing education programs.
Research suggests that including both strains of influenza B in the seasonal flu vaccine could improve its effectiveness in preventing the disease. Studies found that vaccines containing only one strain of influenza B were less effective in protecting against the flu, particularly in children.
A 3-year study by University of Copenhagen researchers found that soccer training has significant cardiovascular, metabolic and musculoskeletal adaptations, comparable to or even better than running. Soccer also provides broad-spectred health benefits, reduces risk of cardiovascular diseases, falls, and fractures.
Researchers in Canada investigated whether seasonal flu vaccination increased the risk of getting pandemic H1N1 flu. Four studies involving over 2,700 people found that prior vaccination was associated with a 68% increased likelihood of pH1N1 illness, but not with hospitalization.
Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital found that electronic health record systems have limited ability to improve measures such as patient mortality and surgical complications. The study suggests that hospitals need to pay special attention to how they implement these systems to achieve significant improvements.
Researchers at Hebrew University and CSHL found a single gene that boosts yield and improves taste in hybrid tomato plants, working across various environmental conditions. The discovery has potential to transform the billion-dollar tomato industry and agricultural practices.
A recent study found two genetic regions associated with lower birth weight, one of which is also linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The research analyzed over 38,000 Europeans and showed that individuals with a specific gene variant were 25% more likely to develop diabetes if they had low birth weight.
Scientists found that ancient rocks from Greenland show evidence of a vast global ocean keeping water wet despite low solar energy. The team proposes that oceans absorb more sunlight due to their darker color and cloud formation, eliminating the need for high greenhouse gas levels.
A recent study on the zebra finch genome suggests that smell may be involved in bird communication, contrary to earlier assumptions. The research found that around 200 genes can potentially produce functional smell receptors, supporting the idea that some birds rely on their sense of smell.
Researchers developed a new test that uses CT scans to measure blood flow in the lungs, identifying smokers most at risk of emphysema. The study found subtle differences in blood flow patterns between smokers with normal lung function and those with early signs of emphysema.
A new study found that community-based organizations can effectively implement an evidence-based HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention with adolescents. The intervention increased condom-protected intercourse without reducing the frequency of sexual activity.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a computer program that enables cars to stay within their lane, opening the door to new safety features and military applications. This technology can detect traffic and lanes, allowing cars to avoid accidents caused by driver fatigue or distraction.
A new study published in JAMA found that four out of ten people treated for sickle cell disease are readmitted within 30 days, highlighting the need for improved care. The study also revealed higher rates of rehospitalization and emergency department visits among younger patients with Medicaid or public insurance.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology have demonstrated using a new animal model that nerve cells do not begin to die until three conditions are met in Parkinson's disease. This finding is an important step forward in understanding this illness and may offer a potential new direction for therapy.
A new fossil turtle species, Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki, was found in the Cerrejon coal mine in Colombia, dating back to 60 million years ago. The thick shell may have protected it from predators like the Titanoboa, a snake thought to be the world's biggest.
A study published in Biological Psychiatry compared the effects of medication, motivation, and a combination of both on response inhibition in children with ADHD. The results showed that stimulant medication tends to normalize brain function, while motivational incentives also play a role in improving performance.
A University of Oregon study of 585 elementary school students found that students' willingness to take intellectual risks in science decreases with age. However, students who were interested in science and felt supported by their teachers were significantly more likely to engage in intellectual risk-taking. The study suggests that tea...
A new study found that eating protein-rich eggs for breakfast significantly reduces hunger and decreases calorie intake throughout the day. The study showed that men who consumed an egg-based breakfast ate fewer calories at lunch and overall compared to those who had a carbohydrate-rich bagel breakfast of equal calories.
A recent study published in JAMA has identified a significant association between gene variation in kidney donors and increased risk of graft failure. The researchers found that donors with certain genetic variants had poorer graft survival rates, highlighting the potential for genetic biomarkers to predict transplant outcomes.
A study by Claire Williams found that long-distance dispersal of transgenic pine pollen is a potential problem due to its viability. Viable pine pollen was found as far as 2000 feet in the air and 25 miles offshore, with over 50% still germinating after drifting those distances.
Newborn mortality in low-income countries is a significant concern, with many infants going unseen by health services. Community-based approaches, such as community mobilization and home visits by community workers, can improve newborn survival rates, according to a study published in PLoS Medicine.
A study found that patients with sickle cell disease experience a high rate of acute care utilization, with 18- to 30-year-olds at the highest risk for rehospitalization. The analysis included data from eight states and revealed significant disparities in healthcare usage among different age groups.
The excavation of Tell Zeidan reveals the emergence of an elite that possessed political power to facilitate trade and acquire luxury goods. The site also shows high-ranking elites sharing a common set of symbols and ideology across a broad region.
Scientists discovered that beta-interferon inhibits tumor growth by blocking its connection to the blood circulatory system and reducing the production of growth factors. This effect was seen in mice where tumors grew slower and formed fewer metastases, highlighting a new potential target for cancer therapy.
A study published in Molecular and Cellular Proteomics identified 57 proteins that change during diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction, including those involved in cell death, fat metabolism, and sex hormone transport. These findings may lead to new diagnostic tools and drug targets for treating ED in diabetic patients.
Professor Benoît Marsan's research solved two long-standing issues in solar cell development: a corrosive electrolyte and expensive platinum cathode. His innovative solutions use new molecules and cobalt sulphide, increasing photovoltage and stability.
Researchers created a mouse model with a genetic change associated with depression to study the link between stress and disease. The study found that this mutation impairs the removal of signaling protein from brain areas regulating memory and emotional responses.
A new oral anti-cancer drug, vorinostat, is safe to combine with short-term palliative radiotherapy in patients with advanced pelvic cancer. The therapy may enhance the effect of radiotherapy and could become a component of long-term curative treatment. Patients showed tumor response and reduced side effects when treated with vorinostat.
A large study found that walking at a brisk pace (3 miles per hour) or for two hours a week significantly lowers the risk of stroke in women. The study followed 39,315 female health professionals over 11.9 years and found lower risks for total, clot-related, and bleeding strokes.
Researchers analyzed 70,000 patients and found no difference in quality of care between normal-weight and obese/overweight individuals. In fact, obese patients had higher rates of recommended diabetes care, vaccinations, and cancer screenings.
A recent study found that nearly one in five adults aged 40+ with known COPD risk factors are undiagnosed, highlighting the need for early screening and intervention. The study's authors recommend targeting high-risk patients in primary care settings to reduce mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs.
Group Health's patient-centered IT approach results in high patient satisfaction and efficient communication with providers. Evaluations show patients value secure e-mail, phone, and online services for better care.
A universal influenza vaccination program in Ontario, Canada, reduced influenza cases by two-thirds and deaths by more than a quarter. The program's economic attractiveness was found to be comparable to targeted programs, with an estimated cost-effectiveness of Can$11,000 per quality-adjusted-life-year gained.
The study supports the utility of Chronix's serum DNA tests to predict clinical status and monitor disease activity in multiple sclerosis. The findings show that the approach can differentiate periods of active disease attacks from stable periods, providing a real-time measure of disease activity.
Scientists have successfully synthesized element 117, a superheavy element with 117 protons, by fusing calcium and berkelium. The short-lived atom is unstable but lives longer than many lighter elements, confirming theories of an island of stability on the periodic table.
A new study published by the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science found that 20 major US streams and rivers have experienced statistically significant long-term warming, with increases averaging 0.02-0.14°F per year. This trend is most pronounced in urbanized areas, posing a threat to aquatic biodiversity and ecosyst...
A new study found that middle-aged Americans aged 50-64 reported a significant increase in mobility-related difficulties, with over 40% citing health problems as causes. The trend is concerning, as it may lead to increased need for long-term care and societal costs.
A recent study reveals Toxoplasma gondii is prevalent among Iberian Lynx, with 81 of 129 sampled felids testing positive for antibodies. The parasite was also found in captive breeding centers, highlighting the need for prevention measures.