Researchers found that human breast cancer cells overexpress the alpha 9 subunit of the nAchR, promoting tumor growth. Reducing α9-nAchRs inhibited tumor growth in laboratory experiments.
A new analysis found that rectal cancer rates are rising among young people under 40, with a 3.8% annual increase between 1984 and 2005. The study suggests that endoscopic evaluation should be considered for individuals presenting with rectal bleeding or other signs of the disease.
A new study by University of Colorado Denver Business School researchers found that organizations learn more from failure than success and retain that knowledge longer. The study's findings suggest that managers should treat failures as invaluable learning opportunities, encouraging the open sharing of information about them.
The lack of vision at the federal level hinders public health protection and system support. The authors call for sufficient resources, evidence-based healthcare, and national pharmacare strategies.
Researchers have developed a new method for visualizing individual virus particles, enabling a more detailed understanding of these minute pathogens. The technique, known as surface plasmon resonance microscopy, allows for the detection and measurement of viral mass, with a detection limit rivaling conventional methods by three to four...
Researchers discovered that the OGF-OGFr axis controls entry from cytoplasm to nucleus, critical for cell proliferation. Nucleocytoplasmic transport involves karyopherin β and Ran, and is dependent on nuclear localization signals.
A study published in Pediatrics shows that a brief two-week course teaching children to be skeptical of media messages can help prevent substance use. The 'Media Detective' program boosted the critical thinking skills of third through fifth graders and reduced their intentions to use alcohol and tobacco.
Economists Santanu Roy and Lars J. Olson analyze the balance between controlling invasive species and free trade, finding that some restrictions may be necessary to prevent economic damage while allowing for entry when damages are low. Their study provides a qualitative framework for policymakers to determine optimal response strategies.
The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be traced to The World's Work magazine from November 1900. Arthur W. Page, editor of the magazine, advocated for sustainability, labor rights, and consumer education in his editorials. His actions as a vice president at AT&T further solidified CSR principles.
Researchers found that cranberry juice cocktail prevents E. coli from sticking to other bacteria and forming biofilms, which can lead to urinary tract infections. The study suggests that the beneficial substances in cranberry juice could reach the urinary tract within 8 hours after consumption.
Colin B. Macdonald received the 2010 Richard C. DiPrima Prize for his work on the Closest Point Method, advancing biology, materials science, and computer graphics applications.
The American Chemical Society hosted a symposium on science policy, focusing on the importance of scientists' involvement in shaping policy on global issues like climate change and security. The event aimed to equip young scientists with the necessary tools to become effective participants in policy debates.
Research by Penn State scientists found that certain polyphenols, such as grape seed extract and EGCG in green tea, inhibit iron absorption. The polyphenols bind to iron in intestinal cells, forming a complex that cannot be transported into the bloodstream.
A team of K-state researchers is conducting a three-year study funded by a $1.2 million NASA grant to understand the impact of microgravity on human physiology. They aim to develop simple tests that astronauts can use in space to assess their physical conditioning and determine if they have the capacity to perform lunar tasks.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) awards the Julian Cole Lectureship every four years to recognize outstanding contributions to mathematical characterization and solution of challenging problems. This year, Professor John King received the award for his work on mathematical modeling of tumor growth.
Astronomers have detected gamma rays from a nova, dispelling the idea that these explosions are not powerful enough to produce high-energy radiation. The newly detected explosion is equivalent to about 1,000 times the energy of the sun.
Researchers at Brigham Young University have uncovered evidence of a new diet in the North Creek Shelter, a 10,000-year-old archaeological site on the Colorado Plateau. The study reveals that early humans in the region consumed small seeds, including sage brush seeds, as well as deer and other game.
Researchers have identified a single dominant gene from the Colorado germplasm line that provides resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus. The Wsm2 gene was mapped to chromosome 3B and can be used to track its presence in wheat breeding programs.
The Novartis 2010 Immunology Prizes were awarded to Professor Michael Bevan and Charles Dinarello, and Juerg Tschopp, for their contributions to basic and clinical immunology. The prizes recognize individual achievement and provide financial support for further research.
A less intensive bortezomib-based regimen is as effective as the standard treatment for elderly patients with multiple myeloma, but with fewer serious side effects. The regimen resulted in a reduction in peripheral neuropathy and gastrointestinal symptoms while maintaining efficacy.
Researchers developed self-dusting solar panels using technology from Mars space missions, reducing dust impact on solar energy output. The new coating can remove up to 90% of deposited dust within two minutes, minimizing maintenance costs and increasing efficiency.
Ancient oceanic microbes produced oxygen through photosynthesis, altering Earth's atmosphere billions of years ago. The discovery sheds light on the emergence of oxygen in the oceans, which eventually led to the development of complex life forms.
Two research teams discovered life-saving medications, JANUVIA for type 2 diabetes and CHANTIX for smoking cessation, enhancing people's ability to regulate blood sugar levels and reduce nicotine cravings. These treatments have helped millions worldwide, with CHANTIX being approved in 86 countries and over 7 million prescribed in the US.
Researchers used whole exome sequencing to discover a single gene at the root of several types of childhood brain disorders, including malformations of cortical development. The study found six unique mutations in the WDR62 gene among 30 families, highlighting its crucial role in human cortical brain development.
A study by American Chemical Society found that many bottled tea beverages contain extremely low levels of polyphenols, with some containing virtually no antioxidants. In contrast, a single cup of home-brewed green or black tea can contain 50-150 mg of polyphenols.
A global shortage of medical isotopes, used in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, poses a threat to patient care and may force doctors to use less accurate tests. The shortage is attributed to the unexpected shutdown of major isotope production facilities, leaving only 10-15% of isotopes produced domestically.
A study published in The Lancet Neurology found that memantine showed significant benefits for patients with mild to moderate dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), with improvements in global clinical status and behavioral symptoms. However, no significant differences were found in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD).
Researchers discovered two methods to increase antioxidants in potatoes, including electric shocks and ultrasound treatment, resulting in up to 50% more phenols and chlorogenic acid. The process could have widespread commercial application for functional foods with potential health benefits.
Researchers developed novel antisense therapies that protected monkeys infected with deadly Ebola or Marburg viruses, with survival rates over 90%. The treatments were administered up to one hour after exposure and showed promise for treating accidental infections in laboratory or hospital settings.
A new hepatitis E vaccine has demonstrated 100% efficacy in preventing infection, with protection offered across all age and sex subgroups. The vaccine is safe and can be used in both rich and poor countries, as well as for tourists, making it a crucial development in outbreak control.
Researchers have purified the protein produced by the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2, opening new possibilities for understanding, diagnosing, and treating breast cancer. The protein plays a role in repairing damaged DNA, acting as a mediator to help another protein associate with a single strand of DNA.
Young salmon and trout seek refuge in shallow waters due to competition from older fish, which can be mitigated by preserving such habitats. The study suggests that restoring shallow parts of watercourses with low-velocity flow is essential for the survival of young fish.
Scientists at MIT have developed a new synthetic surface that allows human pluripotent stem cells to stay alive and continue reproducing themselves for at least three months. This breakthrough enables the growth of large quantities of cells, necessary for treating diseases such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord injuries.
A study by the University of South Florida found that the rheumatoid arthritis signaling protein GM-CSF reduces AD pathology and eliminates memory loss in mice. The researchers suggest that GM-CSF boosts immune cells to remove Alzheimer's plaques, improving memory decline.
A study of egg cell division has revealed an 'inside out' mechanism for chromosome separation, which could help explain reproductive problems like Down syndrome and infertility. The researchers used time-lapse microscopy to observe egg cell meiosis with high precision, discovering that chromosomes move apart by being pushed in the middle.
The Discovering the Science of the Environment (DSE) program transforms school ground natural areas into outdoor laboratories, allowing students to explore and learn about their environment. Through interactive technology tools and computerized mapping capabilities, DSE aims to inspire future leaders in science, technology, and environ...
The adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) technique has been shown to reduce the radiation dose associated with coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) by 27 percent. This novel method allows for a reduction in tube current while maintaining diagnostic image quality, demonstrating an additive effect on existing te...
A study of opioid detoxification patients found that 31 out of 75 patients first got hooked on prescribed painkillers. The majority continued using street drugs due to lower costs and greater effectiveness, with comments revealing the role of 'pill parties' in their initial use.
Researchers found that oxytocin levels in fathers were not different from those in mothers, suggesting that other aspects of parenthood stimulate oxytocin release in fathers. Oxytocin was also linked to parent-specific styles of interaction, with mothers showing more affectionate parenting and fathers exhibiting more stimulatory contact.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have identified two FDA-approved drugs, decitabine and gemcitabine, which, when combined, may be an effective treatment for HIV. The drug combination forces the virus to mutate itself to death, a phenomenon dubbed 'lethal mutagenesis.'
Using an electronic medical record (EMR) tracking system can improve follow-up after an abnormal Pap test, leading to increased diagnostic resolution and faster treatment times. The study found that physicians who used this tracking system had significantly shorter times to diagnosis compared to traditional methods.
A study found that whole-body MRI can detect soft-tissue injuries in infants with suspected child abuse. However, its effectiveness in detecting skeletal injuries is limited. The imaging modality may still be useful as a supplement to skeletal surveys in selected cases.
A new ASIR technique can reduce the radiation dose associated with abdominal CT scans by 23-66 percent. The study found that patients with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 20 experienced an average dose reduction of 66 percent.
Researchers used computer simulations to predict the impact of mitigation policies on ocean acidification. A peak year of emissions and post-peak reduction rates significantly influence ocean acidity increases by 2100. The study suggests that substantial emission reductions need to occur as soon as possible.
Researchers have revealed the mechanisms of the DNA-regulating enzyme PcrA, which controls recombination by removing recombination proteins from the DNA. By combining structure-specific binding and motor function, PcrA reels in DNA and kicks off recombination proteins.
Researchers at Juelich have developed a method to study the inner structure of molecules using a scanning tunneling microscope, revealing detailed information on atomic irregularities and charge distribution. The technique uses a small molecule with deuterium atoms to enhance sensitivity for organic molecules.
A new study found that even low levels of secondhand smoke and infrequent smoking can cause harmful genetic changes in the lungs, leading to an increased risk of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The research suggests that no level of smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke is safe.
The Weierstrass Institute at Berlin has been selected to host the permanent office of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), ending a years-long moveable office. A Committee reviewed proposals from institutions worldwide and recommended the Weierstrass Institute as the ideal location for the stable office.
Research found that unselfish workers who volunteer for tasks and take on details are also among those most wanted to be voted off a team. This phenomenon occurs because others perceive these individuals as setting an unrealistic standard, making themselves appear worse by comparison.
A research project at the Peninsula Medical School in Exeter has won a £140,000 grant to study the effect of hydrogen sulfide as an anti-inflammatory agent. The study found that slow and sustained delivery of H2S reduces inflammation by increasing levels of the body's own anti-inflammatory molecules.
The 2010 International Mathematical Union prizes were awarded to four mathematicians: Elon Lindenstrauss, Ngô Bảo Châu, Stanislav Smirnov, and Cédric Villani. Lindenstrauss received the Fields Medal for his work on measure rigidity in ergodic theory and its applications to number theory.
A recent study by UC Irvine researchers reveals that large ruptures have occurred on the Carrizo Plain portion of the San Andreas fault every 45 to 144 years. The findings contradict previous reports and suggest a more complex earthquake recurrence pattern along the 810-mile fault.
Hydrogen sulfide has been found to be present in the fluid inside human knee joint synovial fluid and may play a role in reducing inflammation. The study found higher levels of hydrogen sulfide in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, associated with lower inflammation and disease activity.
Researchers have developed a web portal that allows seismologists to study noise for analyzing the Earth's structure, leading to better understanding of earthquakes. The system enables smaller groups to perform complex analysis previously limited to large organizations.
Biophysicists create model to describe nucleosome distribution around transcription start sites, showing that stop signals prevent nucleosome formation. The Tonks model explains the characteristic packing of DNA in cells, shedding light on gene expression and chromatin code.
Researchers identified a novel protein called SNARK, which plays a key role in regulating glucose transport during muscle contraction and exercise. The study shows that SNARK mediates contraction-stimulated glucose transport, providing an alternative pathway for increasing glucose uptake in individuals with insulin resistance.
A pay-for-performance program at Massachusetts General Hospital improved radiology report turnaround times, with reports completed in approximately two-thirds the time. The study suggests that such incentives can motivate radiologists to expedite report completion.
Iowa State University researchers will develop an instrument to reveal single molecules, test food contamination technology, and design taller wind turbine towers. The grants aim to grow the state's economy through commercialization of university technologies.
A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers finds that street outreach workers are a crucial tool for preventing and intervening in youth violence. The program, run by the United Teen Equality Center (UTEC), incorporates elements like peacemaking, resource provision, and community partnerships to achieve success.
This article highlights various scientific discoveries in September 2010 Geology, including a study on Neoproterozoic ice ages and their impact on the environment. Researchers also investigate stress-driven failure during fracture array growth and explore the relationship between Antarctic glaciation and tropical rain belt migration.