The Sandia study projects the net effect of climate change on US states' agricultural and industrial bases, with some states like California, Pacific Northwest, and Colorado benefiting from reduced water availability. The study concludes that uncertainty in climate change validates the need to act protectively and proactively.
A USC team has produced flexible transparent carbon atom films for low-cost and convenient electrical power from the sun. Graphene-based solar cells have significant advantages in physical flexibility, potentially enabling printed-on-fabric applications.
A multidisciplinary team of scientists, led by Caltech's Nathan S. Lewis, will partner with institutions like Berkeley Lab to develop a method to produce fuels directly from sunlight. The goal is to simulate nature's photosynthetic apparatus for practical energy production.
Rice University scientists have created an eco-friendly method for mass-producing graphene oxide, a crucial component in various industries. The new process uses common chemicals to produce the material, eliminating toxic gases and making it safer for large-scale production.
A recent study published in Psychological Science suggests that genetics may play a role in how sensitive we are to social drinking cues. Volunteers with a specific variant of the dopamine D4 receptor gene were found to drink more when others consumed three or four drinks, but not when they only consumed one.
A study by a University at Buffalo professor found that family chats about societal issues can help students develop better reasoning and math skills. However, these chats are uncommon, occurring less than once a month for most children worldwide.
The lack of access to scientifically proven interventions for key populations at risk and the lagging scale-up of treatment regimens threaten future progress on AIDS. Organizers call for an end to passive neglect and active denial of life-saving health services, information, and tools.
A recent study reveals that a warming climate may cause African apes to lose up to 50% of their habitats due to increased time spent resting. Researchers found that climate change alone can lead to significant habitat loss, making it crucial to ensure safe havens for conservation efforts.
Georgian leaders sign Vienna Declaration to strengthen call for science-based drug policy, emphasizing harm reduction and evidence-based treatment. The declaration aims to improve community health and safety by incorporating scientific evidence into illicit drug policies.
Rochester Institute of Technology scientist Don Figer is developing a new detector technology that can directly image and characterize exoplanets, potentially finding smaller, rocky planets like Earth. This technology could reduce detection time by one-third and overcome current limitations.
Research shows that IBS is associated with both decreases and increases in grey matter density in key brain areas involved in attention, emotion regulation, and pain inhibition. These findings suggest a 'brain-gut disorder' component and move beyond the traditional view of IBS as a functional syndrome.
Researchers have developed a new ultrathin cooling technology that can efficiently cool 'power electronics' in military and automotive systems. The miniature device uses copper spheres and carbon nanotubes to passively wick a coolant, handling up to 550 watts per square centimeter of heat.
Chanthu, a tropical storm, made landfall in southeastern China and began to weaken, according to NASA infrared imagery. The storm's cloud temperatures and convection are decreasing, indicating reduced intensity.
The NPP satellite will collect and distribute remotely sensed data on land, ocean, and atmosphere, providing atmospheric and sea surface temperatures, humidity, and ozone measurements. The CrIS instrument will combine with the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder to provide global atmospheric temperature, moisture, and pressure profiles.
Researchers found that over 50% of women terminated their pregnancy on or after the tenth week, with many waiting too long for the procedure. The study highlights the need for clinics and referring doctors to reduce waiting times and improve services.
The Frankencamera platform allows users to control photographic and computational hardware on cameras, creating new imaging applications. Researchers share six sample apps, including low-light imaging and lucky imaging, that demonstrate the platform's potential.
Scientists from KIT have successfully measured the chlorine compound ClOOCl in the ozone layer, confirming its role in stratospheric ozone destruction. This discovery disproves doubts on polar ozone chemistry expressed by American researchers.
Seven Northwestern graduate students will be 'resident scientists' at Chicago-area middle and high schools, integrating their research into the science curricula. The program aims to train graduate students in communicating complex research to people of all ages and bring computational thinking into the K-12 classroom.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center discovered that bone resorption plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. The study suggests that stimulating the release of insulin and improving glucose uptake in cells could be a new target for type 2 diabetes treatment.
A research team at Virginia Tech has discovered a fundamental entry mechanism for fungal microbes to infect plants and cause disease. Special disease-related proteins, known as effectors, bind to a specific lipid molecule found on the cell surface before entering the cell.
Researchers used an XFEL to probe nitrogen gas at up to 8 keV, a record-high X-ray energy. The study revealed the interaction between nitrogen gas and the XFEL beam, including electron dynamics and space charge effects. Understanding these dynamics will change our understanding of chemistry, physics, and materials science.
A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that insulin is required for normal bone development and may provide a link between bone health and metabolic diseases like diabetes. The study suggests that insulin action in bone provides a critical signal that links metabolism and metabolic disease with bone health.
The American Society of Hematology will honor six scientists with significant contributions to the understanding and treatment of hematologic diseases. Volker Diehl, Sanford Shattil, David T. Scadden, Leonard I. Zon, Barry S. Coller, and Joel S. Bennett will receive awards for their pioneering research in Hodgkin lymphoma, platelet cel...
Tropical Depression 3 has formed in the Atlantic Ocean, triggering warnings for the Bahamas and Florida. The system strengthened into a tropical depression on July 22, with maximum sustained winds of near 35 mph and an estimated minimum central pressure of 1008 millibars.
Children with celiac disease are at risk for poor bone health, but adding vitamins K and D to their diets can reduce this risk. Incorporating physical activity into daily routines also boosts bone strength and Vitamin D intake through outdoor exercise.
A new study published in Appetite journal found that people who consume low-calorie sweeteners significantly reduce their caloric intake without overeating. The researchers noted a significant reduction in calories consumed and no difference in hunger levels among study participants.
Researchers are investigating how parkin protein can rescue certain neurons from injury induced by Parkinson's disease. The study aims to understand the steps underlying parkin's ability to promote neuron recovery and identify targets for therapies.
Researchers found that discontinuing epoetin was more effective than reducing dose in normalizing hemoglobin levels, but also increased risk of lower-than-recommended levels. Study results suggest a balance between administering epoetin and achieving target hemoglobin levels is necessary for kidney disease patients.
A study led by the University of Southern California found that SIRT1 protein is essential for recall in mice, but over-expression did not improve performance; instead, it raised questions about supplementing with sirtuin activators.
Researchers developed a biophotonic imaging approach to monitor cellular transformations during apoptosis, providing a dynamic mapping of molecular changes. This allows for precise targeting of chemotherapy and improved understanding of disease progression.
A study from American Cancer Society researchers found that more time spent sitting is associated with a higher risk of mortality, particularly in women. The association remained virtually unchanged after adjusting for physical activity level, suggesting that reducing sedentary behavior can help lower death rates.
A study found that high-dose radiation targeting the neural stem cell niche in brain cancer patients doubles their progression-free survival time. Patients who received higher doses experienced 15 months of progression-free survival, while those with lower or no doses had 7.2 months.
Researchers have confirmed an axiom in quantum physics by ruling out the existence of higher-order interferences experimentally. This confirms the accuracy of Born's law, a key principle in quantum mechanics that proposes interference occurs in pairs of possibilities.
Researchers plan to use FAIR facility in Germany to expose water molecules to heavy ion beams, generating extreme pressure conditions similar to Neptune's core. This will allow scientists to observe 'superionic' state of water, a hybrid phase with oxygen lattice and hydrogen liquid.
The mother-to-child HIV transmission rate has dropped significantly since the advent of powerful therapies, with fewer than 10 babies born with the disease annually in Florida. Despite progress, there are still missed opportunities for prevention, particularly among women with mental health issues or substance abuse problems.
Researchers have discovered a novel approach to ease chronic and acute pain caused by sickle cell disease, using cannibinoids that equally lessen pain in animals as opioids, but with much smaller doses. The treatment has great promise for patients with this genetic blood disorder.
Researchers discovered a set of seven genes in whole blood that can diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD) with high accuracy. This breakthrough could lead to unbiased diagnosis and reduce stigma associated with mental health problems, ultimately helping patients receive better treatment.
Biologists at Tufts University have discovered a novel 'two-body' system of locomotion in the crawling tobacco hawkmoth caterpillar, where its gut moves independently of the surrounding body wall. This finding may offer valuable insights for designing soft-bodied robots and re-examining the role of soft tissues in human biomechanics.
Researchers at MIT discovered a link between SIRT1 gene and amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's patients, finding that SIRT1 controls production of devastating protein fragments. Overproduction of SIRT1 in mice with Alzheimer's symptoms improved learning and memory deficits, while deletion exacerbated them.
A study published in the Journal of Pediatrics highlights the under-recognized problem of pharmaceutical abuse in children, with nearly 14% resulting in moderate to major consequences. The malicious use of sedatives and other medications has been linked to death and serious outcomes.
Researchers have confirmed the nucleolinus's role in cell division by associating it with structures required for separation of chromosomes. The discovery provides insight into recent studies suggesting a critical role for the nucleolus in cell cycle regulation.
Top academics from 58 countries meet to develop guidelines for promoting research integrity on a global scale. The conference aims to establish a 'Singapore Statement' as a benchmark for research integrity, with the goal of creating a standard for research practices worldwide.
Researchers will investigate why atopic dermatitis patients are susceptible to staph and other bacterial and viral infections, and evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D in reducing or preventing staph colonization. The study aims to contain drug-resistant MRSA infections and widespread viral skin infections.
A five-year study found significantly lower death rates from all causes and cancer in Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant workers compared to the US population. However, death from lymphatic and bone marrow cancers was slightly above national rates. Security workers had higher overall death rates than other employees.
Researchers have identified a gene that regulates the disassembly of primary cilia in living organisms, leading to defects in left-right asymmetry and organ function. The study provides new insights into the molecular basis of ciliary diseases, which affect multiple organ systems and can lead to severe clinical symptoms.
Researchers found that African women are more likely to develop triple-negative breast cancer, a condition characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors. The study suggests that African ancestry may be associated with a higher risk of hereditary predisposition for breast cancer related to BRCA1 gene mutations.
A University of Minnesota study found that kids can easily consume more whole grains through after-school snacks like graham crackers. Researchers served snacks with varying levels of whole-grain flour content to elementary school children, discovering they ate just as many crackers with higher whole grain content.
A new study reveals that regional variation in health-care spending and utilization is two to three times more pronounced in Medicare than the private sector. Adopting private-sector utilization management models could help improve efficiency in the Medicare program.
The International AIDS Society launches a new report recommending a science-based approach to scaling up treatment and prevention of HIV amongst Injecting Drug Users (IDUs). The 'Seek, test, treat and retain' model advocates for expanding outreach, testing, treatment, and retention services within the criminal justice system.
A new study by Jorge Contreras explores the 15-year struggle over data-release decisions in human genome research, highlighting a balancing act between researchers' needs and data users' rights. The study's findings have implications for various scientific fields beyond genomics, including climate change and chemistry.
African Americans with hypertensive nephrosclerosis have a higher rate of developing end stage renal disease (ESRD) than dying prematurely, according to a new study. The study analyzed data from the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) trial and cohort phase, finding that ESRD rates exceeded mortality rates ...
A new study published in Gastroenterology highlights the risk of hepatitis B and C virus transmission through contaminated anesthesia. Reuse of syringes and medication vials without proper sterilization can lead to viral transmission, emphasizing the need for strict adherence to sterile techniques in healthcare settings.
A team of divers has been mapping freshwater pools in Cara Blanca, Belize, which were important to the ancient Maya. The divers found fossilized animal remains, bits of pottery, and an enormous underwater cave in the largest pool explored.
A novel approach detects genetically abnormal cells in the blood of non-small cell lung cancer patients, increasing with disease severity. The study suggests that these circulating cells could be used to diagnose lung cancer earlier and monitor response to therapy.
Two new studies reveal a key molecular link between bone remodeling and metabolism, finding that osteocalcin levels are tied to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Osteocalcin treatment improves symptoms in mice with diabetes-like conditions.
Research on giant pandas in China's Xiaoxiangling and Daxiangling mountains shows physical barriers can isolate genetic groups. Gene flow is crucial for maintaining genetic diversity and is negatively affected by habitat fragmentation. Reconnecting habitats could restore population viability of the endangered species.
The GRB7 gene is found to drive an aggressive form of breast cancer and acts independently of the HER-2 gene. Isolating its role could help fine-tune treatment and enable accurate prognoses.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have created a mathematical model of colon inflammation that identifies pro-inflammatory macrophages as key culprits for unregulated inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. The model allows scientists to explore cellular and molecular changes underlying chronic inflammation, identify intervention points...
A clinical trial in Cambodia found that starting anti-HIV therapy two weeks after beginning TB treatment boosts survival rates for HIV-infected adults with weak immune systems. This approach, compared to waiting eight weeks, shows a significant difference in mortality rates among participants.
A new study published in The Lancet found that women who underwent radiation therapy as children are more likely to experience stillbirths or baby deaths when attempting to conceive. In contrast, no increased risk was found for men exposed to similar levels of radiation. The authors suggest that uterine damage may be the primary factor...
Researchers have discovered a genetic variation that moderates whether victims of bullying develop emotional problems. The study, published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, found that a specific gene variant affects the severity of emotional distress in bullied children.
A study published in the Journal of Consumer Research found that consumers witnessing employee incivility, even when it's directed at another employee, form negative impressions of the company. The researchers suggest that promoting employee civility through training and setting zero-tolerance expectations can enhance customer behavior.
A new study suggests that adult circumcision would have a very small effect on reducing HIV incidence in the US. The study found that only 500 out of 65,700 gay and bisexual men in San Francisco would potentially benefit from circumcision.
Research team discovers unique gut sliding movement in caterpillars, which inspires design of soft material robots. These 'softbots' can move without visible leg translations and are suitable for search-and-rescue operations and space applications.
A multidisciplinary team of scientists led by California Institute of Technology will receive funding to develop an integrated solar energy-to-chemical fuel conversion system. The goal is to produce fuels directly from sunlight, reducing dependence on oil and enhancing energy security.