A new screening test, Sweet 16, can detect dementia in elderly patients more rapidly, providing an alternative to the Mini-Mental State Examination. The tool has been shown to accurately characterize mental status without influencing patient education or sociodemographic factors.
A European Observational Study found low discontinuation rates and sustained virologic suppression with REYATAZ/ritonavir-based regimens over five years. The study, which included 1,294 ARV-experienced patients, showed that 75% of those with baseline HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies/mL remained suppressed after three years.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive technique using microwaves to measure vital signs, such as heart rate and stress levels. The system detects changes in reflected waves caused by body movements, allowing for near-real-time monitoring.
USDA researchers are developing constructed soils to build better, less-costly sports fields, raingardens, and lawns on degraded land. The most promising mixture includes quarry byproducts and composted chicken litter, which reduces rain runoff and erosion.
Researchers found that women treated with aromatase inhibitors experience a wide range of side effects, including hot flashes, fatigue, and breast sensitivity. The study suggests that addressing these side effects is crucial for improving treatment adherence and patient outcomes.
Kent State University geology professors Rodney Feldmann and Carrie Schweitzer report on the discovery of a 360-million-year-old fossil shrimp in Oklahoma. The ancient crustacean's muscles are remarkably well-preserved, providing valuable insights into its evolution.
A study reveals distinct brain development patterns between Neanderthals and modern humans, particularly after birth. The findings suggest that unique early brain development in modern humans may underlie cognitive differences.
A study by Diandong Ren finds that rising global temperatures decrease wind speeds, reducing the power output of wind turbines. This means that more wind turbines are needed to achieve the same amount of energy production, highlighting the need for a switch to renewable energy sources earlier.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have found a series of indicators associated with elderly depression beyond mood changes, including verbal aggression, urinary incontinence and weight loss. These findings suggest that timely diagnosis and treatment can improve quality of life for nursing home residents.
A survey of UK businesses found that they partner with researchers for service development, human resource management, training, and marketing. Academics also engage in a wide range of knowledge exchange activities, but face constraints such as lack of time and resources.
Researchers from Argentina have successfully created a new type of Foucault pendulum that is smaller and more efficient than traditional devices. The new pendulums, which are designed to be compact enough to fit in a lobby or classroom, use advanced techniques to reduce the elliptical drift of the pendulum and improve precision.
A NYU scientist concludes that Charles Darwin's theory of gradual evolution is not supported by geological history. Instead, Scottish horticulturist Patrick Matthew proposed a more accurate theory, highlighting the role of catastrophic mass extinctions in driving evolutionary changes.
A new University of California, Davis study suggests that the global oil supply will run dry within 90 years, far before replacement technologies are ready. The forecast is based on market capitalizations and dividend payments from publicly owned oil and alternative energy companies.
A study in England found that coronary heart disease mortality rates vary greatly between local populations due to factors such as low socioeconomic status, white ethnicity, smoking levels, and diabetes. The study suggests that programs to reduce mortality should target population characteristics rather than healthcare services.
Adults who drink 100 percent fruit juice have improved nutrient intake, exceeding recommended levels for calcium and potassium, while meeting vitamin A and C needs. The study supports the role of fruit juice as a nutrient-dense beverage, encouraging its inclusion as part of a balanced diet.
Research found that obese adolescents are more likely to develop severe obesity in adulthood, with higher risks for women and black women. The study tracked 8,834 individuals from adolescence to adulthood, finding a significant association between adolescent obesity and severe obesity in adulthood.
Researchers found Tuberous Bushcricket produces large testes but less sperm per ejaculate, defying traditional thinking. The study suggests males use larger testes to mate repeatedly without exhausting their sperm reserves.
A trial in Kenya found that using text messages to help patients adhere to their treatment improves absolute adherence rates by 12% and numbers achieving viral load suppression by 9%. Patients who received SMS support were more likely to report adherence to ART.
A majority of Americans supports increased spending on public health in general, but there is a partisan divide and divisions within specific areas. Meanwhile, most people believe the US is not spending enough on improving and protecting public health, and many see long-term savings from measures to improve health and prevention.
Elsevier will donate 10% of its revenue to MSF for all subscriptions to MD Consult, purchased between Nov. 15 and Dec. 31, 2010. This campaign aims to provide medical assistance and support to people around the world affected by war, natural disasters, and other crises.
A study by the American Association for Cancer Research found that 90% of children exposed to a smoker at home had detectable levels of tobacco carcinogens in their urine. The researchers also discovered a direct correlation between cigarettes smoked per day and tobacco metabolites in the children.
A study by the University of Leicester found that undetected high blood pressure is associated with a higher risk of dying from coronary heart disease. The research reveals that areas with greater deprivation, more smokers, and more people with diabetes have a higher mortality rate from coronary heart disease.
Cyclone Jal's remnants have been spotted in the Arabian Sea, with NASA monitoring their movement. The low-pressure area showed signs of circulation and convection on Nov. 9, indicating a potential for regeneration.
A study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders suggests that depression is associated with increased activity of the Clock gene, which regulates circadian rhythm. This finding could lead to personalized treatment approaches for people with depression, such as light therapy or antidepressants targeting melatonin.
Edo Waks and Ian Spielman, JQI fellows, receive PECASE awards for innovative research in nanophotonics and quantum simulation. The prestigious award recognizes their commitment to scientific leadership and community outreach.
Researchers have developed a new type of heart pump to improve the survival rate for infants undergoing surgeries to correct univentricular circulation. The innovative 'viscous impeller pump' can be inserted through a catheter and expands to form two cones, spinning at 10,000 rpm to efficiently pump blood.
A recent genetic study has overturned current thinking on the origins of European farming populations. The research, published in PLOS Biology, found that these early farmers were more closely related to populations living in modern-day Turkey, Iraq, and other parts of the Ancient Near East than to local hunter-gatherers.
A new initiative by Oregon State University aims to enhance science literacy among rural Americans through free-choice learning opportunities. The program seeks to tap into local scientific expertise, organize events, and create adult 'science clubs' across the nation.
A novel lab-on-chip device has been developed to screen sensitive membrane proteins in parallel, utilizing a nano-fabricated chip with 50,000 nanopores. This technology preserves protein structure without organic solvents or solid support, enabling simultaneous analysis and preserving fragile protein function.
A new study found that infants with cystic fibrosis have reduced IGF1 levels compared to healthy infants, suggesting that IGF1 deficits begin early in the course of CF disease. This could lead to new therapies for growth defects in people with CF.
A new Cochrane systematic review found that changing family behavior can help prevent relapses in people with schizophrenia. The study analyzed data from 53 trials involving over 4,700 patients and showed significant benefits of family interventions, including reduced hospital admissions and improved social functioning.
Presenteeism, a measure of productivity loss due to health issues, may be overreported. The University of Michigan's School of Kinesiology suggests a three-year moratorium on studies due to inaccurate calculations and limited data collection methods.
A new study by University of Rochester Medical Center found that children with high blood pressure are four times more likely to have cognitive problems. Among the study's 201 patients, 101 had hypertension and 18% had learning disabilities, compared to 9% among those without hypertension.
A recent study found that fewer than 30% of eligible young women choose to receive the HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer. The majority of those who start the vaccination process fail to complete the recommended three doses. African-American women are less likely to complete all three doses compared to white women.
A new study suggests that multidetector computed tomography (CT) can pinpoint the causes of ischemic strokes, potentially reducing treatment delays. The technique detected cardiac sources in 18 of 25 cases and facilitated stroke classification in 83% of patients.
A study of over 46,500 prostate cancer patients found that long-term androgen deprivation therapy increases the risk of fractures, especially among older men with pre-existing conditions. The therapy was associated with a 20% increase in first fracture risk and a 57% increased risk of second fractures.
Researchers have developed an algorithm to predict breast cancer patients with little risk of disease recurrence, potentially eliminating unnecessary chemotherapy. The tool uses gene expression signatures and achieves 87-100 percent accuracy in different patient groups.
A randomized trial found that mycophenolate mofetil was less effective than azathioprine in preventing relapses of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. The study involved 156 patients with newly diagnosed AAV and followed them for a median of 39 months.
Scientists are exploring the therapeutic potential of (+)- pentazocine in treating diabetic retinopathy. The study aims to determine if the drug can block or promote sigma receptor action and improve retinal health in patients. Researchers also want to know if the drug is effective when given later in the disease process.
Jacob Hooker, a Brookhaven National Laboratory assistant chemist, received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. He was recognized for his research on radiochemistry and biomedical imaging, as well as his efforts to mentor and outreach to the community.
A new cognitive assessment tool with 16 items could be useful for identifying thinking, learning and memory problems among older adults. The Sweet 16 scale correctly identified 80% of individuals with cognitive impairment.
Researchers found that polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) used in food packaging are breaking down into perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), including PFOA, and being ingested by people. This study provides valuable evidence to inform policy on the use of PAPs in food contact applications.
David Barker's theory, the 'Barker Hypothesis,' links low birthweight to chronic diseases like coronary heart disease and obesity. His work has guided prenatal care for over two decades, emphasizing the importance of a mother's nutritional needs throughout her lifetime.
Researchers have identified markers associated with breast cancer outcomes and found a protein linked to tumor spread. Additionally, a new therapeutic target for tumor suppression has been discovered, while gene therapy shows promise for improving wound healing in diabetic patients.
A study of over 11,500 male physicians found that long-term use of vitamins E and C had no significant impact on the development or extraction of age-related cataracts. The researchers concluded that high-dose supplementation with these vitamins has little effect on rates of cataract diagnosis and extraction.
Professor Matthew Oehlschlaeger at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute has received the PECASE award for his research on combustion chemistry of aviation fuels. He aims to understand fuel combustion chemistry for alternative and traditional aviation fuels.
A new study demonstrates that magnetic forces correctly explain the motion of erupting plasma clouds, resolving a long-standing challenge in understanding coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The research uses data from the STEREO twin-satellite mission to validate a theoretical model of CMEs as giant 'magnetic flux ropes'.
A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers reveals a large burden of syphilis infection and high-risk behaviors among male clients of female sex workers in Sichuan province. The study found that 30% of these males practiced consistent condom use, highlighting the need for effective interventions to prevent HIV transmission.
A study found that starting dialysis earlier in advanced kidney disease was associated with a greater risk of death. Patients who began dialysis early had a higher mortality rate compared to those who started later, especially those with lower albumin levels.
A new study found that African Americans are three times more likely to have corns or flat feet than whites, with twice the likelihood of having bunions and hammer toes. The study, led by Yvonne M. Golightly, suggests a real racial difference in foot disorders beyond obesity.
The collaboration aims to increase readiness against underwater threats by developing an integrated system for harbors. Initial experimental results presented at the Waterside Security 2010 Conference demonstrate the potential of passive acoustic detection technology.
Research reveals that morbidly obese people's fat cells reach a storage limit, leading to changes in metabolism that may increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. SFRP1 protein production is linked to these changes, which may trigger metabolic syndrome and other health problems.
A new study published in Cancer found that women with silicone implants after a double mastectomy reported higher satisfaction levels compared to those with saline implants. Radiation therapy and time also negatively impacted breast satisfaction in both groups.
A recent study found that the brains of newborn humans and Neanderthals are similar in size and appearance, but differ significantly in shape after birth. The differences reflect changes in brain circuitry and may underlie cognitive differences between the two species.
Scientists have successfully created an optical analogue of Hawking radiation using a laser beam and glass target. This experiment confirms the theoretical predictions of Hawking radiation, which is emitted by black holes but difficult to detect.
A survey found that physicians' relationships with industry decreased since 2004 but remain common, with 83.8% of physicians reporting ties in 2009.
The Canadian medical journal criticizes Canada's military for insufficient privacy safeguards, citing recent breaches and the need for clearer rules. The authors urge General Walter Natynczyk to develop recommendations for improving military privacy protocols.
The DARPA Ubiquitous High Performance Computing (UHPC) initiative aims to revolutionize computing power and energy efficiency. Georgia Tech researchers are supporting key components of the $100M challenge, developing new approaches and technologies to redefine the future of computing. The goal is to make computing systems more reliable...
A new study found that plants that can self-pollinate have higher extinction rates than those relying on external pollinators. This is because they often lack the genetic diversity needed to adapt to changing environments, making them more vulnerable to extinction.
Researchers found distinct DNA alterations in lung tumors from smokers and never-smokers, suggesting two possible disease pathways. The study suggests that lung cancers in never-smokers require further investigation to improve detection and treatment strategies.