Researchers have developed an algorithm to predict breast cancer patients with little risk of disease recurrence, potentially eliminating unnecessary chemotherapy. The tool uses gene expression signatures and achieves 87-100 percent accuracy in different patient groups.
A randomized trial found that mycophenolate mofetil was less effective than azathioprine in preventing relapses of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. The study involved 156 patients with newly diagnosed AAV and followed them for a median of 39 months.
Scientists are exploring the therapeutic potential of (+)- pentazocine in treating diabetic retinopathy. The study aims to determine if the drug can block or promote sigma receptor action and improve retinal health in patients. Researchers also want to know if the drug is effective when given later in the disease process.
Jacob Hooker, a Brookhaven National Laboratory assistant chemist, received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. He was recognized for his research on radiochemistry and biomedical imaging, as well as his efforts to mentor and outreach to the community.
A new cognitive assessment tool with 16 items could be useful for identifying thinking, learning and memory problems among older adults. The Sweet 16 scale correctly identified 80% of individuals with cognitive impairment.
Researchers found that polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) used in food packaging are breaking down into perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), including PFOA, and being ingested by people. This study provides valuable evidence to inform policy on the use of PAPs in food contact applications.
David Barker's theory, the 'Barker Hypothesis,' links low birthweight to chronic diseases like coronary heart disease and obesity. His work has guided prenatal care for over two decades, emphasizing the importance of a mother's nutritional needs throughout her lifetime.
Researchers have identified markers associated with breast cancer outcomes and found a protein linked to tumor spread. Additionally, a new therapeutic target for tumor suppression has been discovered, while gene therapy shows promise for improving wound healing in diabetic patients.
A study of over 11,500 male physicians found that long-term use of vitamins E and C had no significant impact on the development or extraction of age-related cataracts. The researchers concluded that high-dose supplementation with these vitamins has little effect on rates of cataract diagnosis and extraction.
Professor Matthew Oehlschlaeger at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute has received the PECASE award for his research on combustion chemistry of aviation fuels. He aims to understand fuel combustion chemistry for alternative and traditional aviation fuels.
A new study demonstrates that magnetic forces correctly explain the motion of erupting plasma clouds, resolving a long-standing challenge in understanding coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The research uses data from the STEREO twin-satellite mission to validate a theoretical model of CMEs as giant 'magnetic flux ropes'.
A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers reveals a large burden of syphilis infection and high-risk behaviors among male clients of female sex workers in Sichuan province. The study found that 30% of these males practiced consistent condom use, highlighting the need for effective interventions to prevent HIV transmission.
A study found that starting dialysis earlier in advanced kidney disease was associated with a greater risk of death. Patients who began dialysis early had a higher mortality rate compared to those who started later, especially those with lower albumin levels.
A new study found that African Americans are three times more likely to have corns or flat feet than whites, with twice the likelihood of having bunions and hammer toes. The study, led by Yvonne M. Golightly, suggests a real racial difference in foot disorders beyond obesity.
The collaboration aims to increase readiness against underwater threats by developing an integrated system for harbors. Initial experimental results presented at the Waterside Security 2010 Conference demonstrate the potential of passive acoustic detection technology.
Research reveals that morbidly obese people's fat cells reach a storage limit, leading to changes in metabolism that may increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. SFRP1 protein production is linked to these changes, which may trigger metabolic syndrome and other health problems.
A new study published in Cancer found that women with silicone implants after a double mastectomy reported higher satisfaction levels compared to those with saline implants. Radiation therapy and time also negatively impacted breast satisfaction in both groups.
A recent study found that the brains of newborn humans and Neanderthals are similar in size and appearance, but differ significantly in shape after birth. The differences reflect changes in brain circuitry and may underlie cognitive differences between the two species.
Scientists have successfully created an optical analogue of Hawking radiation using a laser beam and glass target. This experiment confirms the theoretical predictions of Hawking radiation, which is emitted by black holes but difficult to detect.
A survey found that physicians' relationships with industry decreased since 2004 but remain common, with 83.8% of physicians reporting ties in 2009.
The Canadian medical journal criticizes Canada's military for insufficient privacy safeguards, citing recent breaches and the need for clearer rules. The authors urge General Walter Natynczyk to develop recommendations for improving military privacy protocols.
The DARPA Ubiquitous High Performance Computing (UHPC) initiative aims to revolutionize computing power and energy efficiency. Georgia Tech researchers are supporting key components of the $100M challenge, developing new approaches and technologies to redefine the future of computing. The goal is to make computing systems more reliable...
A new study found that plants that can self-pollinate have higher extinction rates than those relying on external pollinators. This is because they often lack the genetic diversity needed to adapt to changing environments, making them more vulnerable to extinction.
Researchers found distinct DNA alterations in lung tumors from smokers and never-smokers, suggesting two possible disease pathways. The study suggests that lung cancers in never-smokers require further investigation to improve detection and treatment strategies.
A University of Michigan Health System study reveals that younger adult cancer patients experience more pain flares and emotional issues compared to older adults. Younger adults also reported smaller incomes and struggled more with paying healthcare bills, affecting their overall well-being.
Scientists model vacuum breakdown to understand its implications for applications, including particle accelerators and fusion reactors. A new model reveals that the breakdown arc is triggered by an electric field tearing apart the metal surface, leading to extremely damaging effects.
Researchers discovered that dendritic cells trigger the immune system's defence against invading parasites in mice infected with snail fever. The breakthrough could lead to new treatments for chronic illness caused by this condition.
US Department of Agriculture researchers have created strong yet pliable films made from a blend of gelatin from Alaskan pollock skins and polylactic acid. These films may be used in tissue-engineering labs to produce semi-synthetic tissue for bone and cartilage repair, potentially speeding up recovery times.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed nanogenerators that can harness mechanical energy from the environment to power small electronic devices. The devices, which use an array of tiny nanowires, can generate up to three volts and 300 nanoamps, enough to drive commercial displays, light-emitting diodes, and laser diodes.
Research suggests that children with learning difficulties can develop an understanding of arithmetic by using their own intuitive strategies such as number blocks and drawings. This approach has been shown to benefit nearly all pupils, including those with learning difficulties.
Anna R. Brandon, PhD, was honored by the March of Dimes for her research on ethical barriers to perinatal mental health research. Her work aims to improve access to evidence-based treatment for pregnant women, ensuring they receive safe and effective care during pregnancy.
A study by Roman Perez-Fernandez and colleagues found that high levels of Pit-1 expression in breast tumors with lymph node involvement are associated with tumor spread to distant sites. This discovery may help predict patient outcomes for those with lymph node-positive breast cancer.
Researchers are tracing electromagnetic signatures back to the impact of colliding black holes to detect them with ordinary visible light. They're creating a detailed blueprint for future scientists and simulating mergers to aid in gravitational wave discovery, proving general relativity.
Researchers linked hundreds of approved drugs to M. tuberculosis proteins, identifying new anti-tuberculosis targets and repurposing potential. The study provides a promising computational strategy for novel drug discovery.
A new solar-powered device accurately measures systolic blood pressure with high accuracy, ideal for rural areas. The device costs $32 and has significant savings on battery usage, making it a promising tool to slow the rise in cardiovascular disease.
Researchers found that allopurinol reduced levels of Ki67 biomarker in normal tissue but not in adenoma tissue. The study suggests allopurinol may have some activity against colon carcinogenesis, providing a potential background for a large trial to reduce adenoma recurrence.
Researchers from Penn State College of Medicine found that vapor rubs containing menthol, camphor, and eucalyptus oils effectively relieve night-time cough and congestion symptoms in children, improving their sleep quality. The study also showed significant relief for parents' sleep, with no reported side effects.
Research found a seven-fold increased risk of undescended testicles in sons born to women taking multiple painkillers during pregnancy. The study suggests that exposure to certain chemicals, including mild analgesics, can disrupt testosterone production and lead to poor semen quality and testicular cancer.
A new study found that iron from natural or artificial sources can stimulate rapid growth of toxin-producing algae, such as diatoms producing domoic acid, in the open ocean. This discovery adds to concerns about proposals for iron fertilization to combat global warming.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center are exploring the mechanisms of stroke recurrence in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease. The MoSIS trial aims to identify causes of strokes in these patients, which is estimated to occur in 25% within two years of initial stroke.
Physicists at UC Santa Cruz are developing a new particle detector called the Insertable B Layer (IBL) to upgrade the ATLAS detector at the LHC, improving sensitivity in Higgs boson searches and enabling new physics discoveries. The IBL will be installed in 2015 and use advanced technology to withstand higher radiation doses.
A team of scientists from Kiel University, along with international colleagues, has identified interleukin-27 as a key player in counteracting inflammation. This discovery could lead to new treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases.
A study of 3,015 individuals found that corneal arcus is associated with higher intraocular pressure and thicker corneas. Participants with corneal arcus were more likely to have high eye pressure but not glaucoma.
A study analyzing data from the Women's Health Initiative found that statin use did not lower the risk of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women. Researchers identified no association between statin use and reduced risk for colorectal cancer, tumor location, stage, grade or histology.
A study published in Cancer Prevention Research found that gefitinib reduced pancreatic tumor incidence by 77% in mid-dose group and 100% in high-dose group. The compound also showed potential in preventing precursor lesions, with 67.6% of mice free of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms at 100 ppm dose.
A University of Michigan study found that children with low vitamin D levels accumulated fat around the waist and gained weight more rapidly than those with sufficient vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency was also linked to slower growth in height among girls but not boys.
Researchers at Northwestern University have found that a soy-based drug can prevent the movement of prostate cancer cells from the prostate to the rest of the body. The experimental treatment, genistein, has shown beneficial effects on human subjects with localized prostate cancer in a recent phase II study.
A study found that high soy isoflavone intake was associated with a 30% decreased risk of invasive breast tumors and a 60% decreased risk of grade 1 tumors. In premenopausal women, the highest isoflavone intake reduced the risk of stage I disease, tumor size, and stage 2 breast cancer by significant margins.
Health Canada's decision to cancel plans for new cigarette warning labels may result in increased smoking rates and a surge in smoking-related illnesses and deaths. Warning labels are an effective communication strategy that deter smokers and non-smokers alike, with international guidelines recommending large pictorial warnings.
The study reveals the discovery of superficial interneurons, a type of inhibitory neuron that blocks communication about large stimuli, allowing small prey to be detected. The findings provide insights into the neural basis of tracking prey and offer new perspectives on brain function.
Research suggests that patients with stroke experiencing improvement within one hour of receiving clot-dissolving medication are more likely to have favorable outcomes three months later. This improvement is associated with reduced risk of death and better recovery rates.
A Hebrew University-developed insect control method, applied in Mali, demonstrates a significant decline in malaria-bearing mosquitoes. The Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait Method (ATSB) significantly reduced mosquito populations and is considered a powerful tool for controlling malaria vectors.
A new study found that food-insecure adults with diabetes have higher body mass indexes and greater financial constraints on food choices. However, after receiving nutrition education via telemedicine, both groups reported improved diet adherence and similar lab values associated with diabetes care.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have found that social interactions can impact an individual's sensitivity to physical pain. Participants who experienced indifferent social interactions reported less pain sensitivity, while those with positive social experiences showed no change. This discovery has significant clinical implica...
Tropical Cyclone Jal made landfall in east central India, bringing heavy rainfall and flooding. The storm's remnants are now moving into the northeastern Arabian Sea, prompting forecasts of possible regeneration.
Researchers at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory have made significant progress in reducing thermal plasma-wall interaction challenges for fusion energy devices. A new 'snowflake' divertor concept successfully reduced plasma-material interface heat load and erosion, extending component lifetime.
A study by LSU Health Sciences Center researchers found that Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fish oil component, can protect brain tissue and promote recovery in acute ischemic stroke even when treatment is delayed. DHA treatment reduced swelling and facilitated neurobehavioral recovery.
Scientists have engineered plants to accumulate high levels of desired compounds that could be used to make plastics. The research uses a new metabolic pathway in plants to produce a type of fatty acid that could serve as a source for chemical building blocks.
A new study suggests that spending quality time with children, such as reading and teaching organizational skills, can foster better psychological health in adulthood. The study's findings support the importance of strong interpersonal connections and social skills developed during childhood.
Shear Alfvén waves are important in plasma stability and heating, while also contributing to aurora formation and solar corona acceleration
Scientists successfully generated plasma current using Coaxial Helicity Injection, producing 1 million amperes of current with 40% less energy. This method eliminates the need for a solenoid in tokamaks, simplifying the device and optimizing its efficiency.
Adolescents are more likely to engage in unprotected sex, despite early education promoting safe practices. Research also finds a decrease in age at contraction of sexually transmitted diseases among younger individuals.
A large randomized clinical trial found FGF-2 to be effective in regenerating human periodontal tissue destroyed by periodontitis. The study showed substantial restoration of tissues with positive outcomes over the long term, making it an attractive approach for restoring lost tissues.
A new study led by the University of Miami Rosenstiel School suggests that ocean acidification could compromise coral recruitment, impacting recovery from disturbance. The research reveals a new threat to already struggling Caribbean and Florida reef Elkhorn corals.
A large prospective cohort study found that smoking significantly increased the risk of breast cancer progression and overall death among multiethnic women. Current or past smokers had a 39% higher rate of dying from breast cancer.
Researchers at UCI studied postmortem brain specimens from 33 individuals aged 71-105 and found cerebral microbleeds in 22 cases. The incidence rate is higher than previously reported MRI studies, suggesting age-related changes in blood vessel leakiness.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have been awarded a $100,000 grant from the W.W. Smith Charitable Trust to investigate why African-Americans respond poorly to common chemotherapeutic agents used to treat pancreatic cancer.
Researchers found that Fat Sand Rats exhibit symptoms of depression when exposed to short light hours, similar to those experienced by humans with Seasonal Affective Disorder. The rats responded well to common SAD therapies, including bright light exposure and medications, suggesting a viable animal model for studying affective disorders.
Duke University researchers identified a possible biomarker to measure breast cancer chemoprevention trial progress, allowing for smaller trials with fewer patients. This biomarker could indicate increased risk of breast cancer and be prevented by drugs targeting specific molecular signals.
Neonatal mice separated from their mothers for a prolonged period developed mammary tumors twice as fast as those with short or no maternal separation. Estrogen receptor alpha levels were also significantly higher in mice exposed to prolonged separation, increasing breast cancer risk.
The new system will provide more accurate loss adjustment, better policy service, and lower costs to taxpayers. It will consider multiple factors such as weather, location, elevation, and other issues for precise analysis.
A recent study by Innsbruck glaciologists and climatologists reveals regional differences in the contribution of glaciers to water supply, with high-mountain communities dependent on glacier melt but relatively low population density. The research highlights the need for a differentiated discussion on climate change's impact on water a...
Scientists have observed relativistic transparency in plasma, allowing it to act as a fast optical switch. This phenomenon enables the flow of light through previously opaque material in less than a tenth of a picosecond.
Researchers at MIT have made a major step forward in fusion energy by studying the plasma edge. By reducing the steady-state power conducted to the wall, they have found that redistributing exhaust power through impurity radiation is a viable option for future fusion reactors.
Researchers identified advanced stage cancer as the key factor predicting joint pain in breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitor therapy. The study also found that tenosynovitis, inflammation of tendon sheaths, was present in some symptomatic subjects, but no correlation with depression or autoimmune markers was observed.
UC Davis researchers have identified a new inducible pathway for repairing DNA damaged by oxygen radicals, which could lead to a better understanding of the causes of some cancers. The discovery involves an enzyme called NEIL1 that detects and repairs aberrant bases before changes in the genome become permanent.
A gene-based test for lung cancer risk assessment motivates smokers to quit or cut down, according to a clinical study. The test, Respiragene, resulted in 32% of smokers quitting altogether and another 48% reducing their cigarette intake.
Researchers at UNC identify cellular communicators for cancer virus, revealing a new mechanism by which the Epstein-Barr virus manipulates cells and induces uncontrolled growth. The study shows that infected cells can produce altered exosomes that enter recipient cells, changing their growth patterns.
A study of 28 pregnant women with MS found that lower vitamin D levels during pregnancy and breastfeeding were not associated with an increased risk of relapse after childbirth. However, women who breastfed exclusively had lower postpartum vitamin D levels, which may be related to the duration of breastfeeding rather than a causal link.
A recent study by Indiana University found that the state spends significantly more on health care-related consequences of substance abuse compared to its prevention initiatives. This means that for every dollar invested in treatment and intervention programs, only a small fraction is dedicated to preventing substance abuse.
Research shows that consuming in-shell pistachios slows consumption, allowing hunger cues to be activated, reducing overall calorie intake. Pistachios are a great snack for weight management due to their high protein and fiber content, making them a green and sustainable choice.
A recent study found that patients with non-STEMI heart attacks often experience long delays to hospital arrival, with a median delay time of 2.6 hours. Despite efforts to improve timely care, many patients still wait over two hours before seeking medical attention.
A study of adolescents found that less than 2% met annual preventive care visit recommendations, highlighting the need for better access to care. Meanwhile, a survey of family physicians revealed that many refer patients elsewhere for vaccines due to inadequate payment and lack of participation in federally-funded programs.
Researchers studied the closest living relative of tetrapods, the African lungfish, and found that they lack sensitivity to airborne sound. The inner ear's structure suggests a high vibration sensitivity but limits hearing to very low frequencies, implying that early tetrapod ancestors were probably deaf to airborne sound.
Scientists have captured the first 2-D visualization of Alfvén waves and the energetic particles that ride them to fusion reactor walls. These images show a torus-shaped plasma with spiral waves and particles arriving at the wall in synchronization with the waves.
Researchers used a novel imaging system to track the movement of near-infrared fluorescent nanoparticles from the lungs into the body and out again. The study found that non-positively charged nanoparticles smaller than 34nm in diameter appeared in lung-draining lymph nodes within 30 minutes.
Researchers studied zebra finch brain activity while singing to understand the neural basis of syntax and timing in songbird communication. The study found that specific neurons fire at precise moments to produce a musical-like sequence, similar to human speech.
The mangrove killifish uses its skin to maintain ion balance, exchanging ions through the skin cells called ionocytes. The fish can also adapt to varying salinity levels, with skin ionocytes getting bigger in response to saltwater and returning to normal size when returned to water.
A study found that Mexican-American women with breast cancer experienced an earlier onset of menopause, potentially reducing their risk due to shorter estrogen exposure. Weight gain during adulthood also reduced breast cancer risk, regardless of menopausal status.
A new survey finds that physician-industry relationships are still prevalent, with most physicians maintaining such relationships. The study suggests a significant association between these relationships and the use of more expensive drugs.
The study found that while the second wave was substantially larger, with 4.8 times more hospital admissions and 53% of deaths, fewer patients had severe outcomes due to public health interventions. The percentage of severe outcomes decreased in the second wave compared to the first.
Researchers at MIT identified a new cancer drug target by shutting down an enzyme that controls DNA repair, which can enhance the effectiveness of traditional chemotherapy drugs. The findings suggest that inhibiting this enzyme may help treat difficult cancers resistant to ordinary treatments and prevent drug resistance.
Researchers at King's College London found a correlation between VGLUT1 protein levels and cognition scores in individuals with and without dementia. Preserving VGLUT1 artificially after a stroke may reduce the risk of developing vascular dementia.
A recent study identified factors that increase the risk of falls among orthopedic inpatients, particularly those undergoing total hip replacements. The study found that THR patients are more likely to have serious falls earlier in their stay, highlighting the need for close monitoring and vigilance.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have created fluorographene, a one-molecule-thick material similar to Teflon with chemical inertness and thermal stability. The team hopes to use it in electronics, such as LED devices and ultra-thin tunnel barriers, while retaining mechanical strength.
A study reports on UCLA's experience with new techniques combining catheter ablation with minimally invasive surgical methods to access hard-to-reach areas of the heart. These procedures significantly improved accuracy in applying ablation therapy, offering more treatment options for high-risk patients.
A systematic analysis found that clinical management research lacks representation of sex and gender-specific design and analysis. The study suggests significant imbalances in outcomes due to lack of knowledge about gender differences in healthcare provision.
The GOES-13 satellite is monitoring a cold front approaching the remnants of Hurricane Tomas, which has lost its tropical characteristics and now resembles a nor'easter. The satellite imagery shows the cold front as a line of clouds east of the US East coast, with Tomas' remnants appearing as a tight swirl of clouds near Bermuda.
A study published in Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience found that a specific genetic variant, COMT-Val, is associated with an increased willingness to donate. Participants with this variant donated twice as much money to charity compared to those with the other variant, COMT-Met.
A study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that door-to-balloon time has dropped dramatically for heart attack patients, from 113 minutes in 2003 to 76 minutes in 2008. However, despite the quicker hospital care, mortality rates remained unchanged at around 4%.
Concomitant use of PPIs and antiplatelet drugs is recommended for patients at high risk of GI bleeding who require antiplatelet therapy for heart disease. The balance of risk and benefit favors the use of PPIs together with antiplatelet drugs.
A Canadian research team found that bilingual individuals experienced a delay in the onset of Alzheimer's symptoms by as much as five years. The study analyzed clinical records of over 200 patients and found that bilingualism contributed to cognitive reserve, delaying symptom onset.
A new study by UC Davis researchers reveals that silent vascular disease is common among healthy, active older adults and can lead to subtle deficits in mental functioning. The study found that white matter hyperintensities are associated with greater declines in global cognition over time.