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Infants exhibit stable patterns of attention during interaction, with gaze duration influenced by previous gazes. This finding suggests a building block of intentional action and may help understand human social interactions.
Science News for April 6, 2011
Physical health scores predict breast cancer outcomes
An observational study found that women with poor physical health scores had a 27% increased risk of cancer recurrence or new breast cancer. Physical health also impacted survival, with a 65% greater risk of death among those with poorer health scores.
UPCI, Pitt researchers present findings of cancer studies at AACR 102nd Annual Meeting
Researchers from UPCI and Pitt will present over 80 posters, talks, and tutorials on various cancer studies, including the effects of immunomodulatory derivatives on blood cell production pathways and the role of inflammatory mediators in immune system dysfunction. Additionally, they will discuss the development of vaccines targeting p...
Nano fit-ness: Helping enzymes stay active and keep in shape
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new method to boost enzymatic activity by confining enzymes in carefully engineered nanoscale holes. The study found that embedded enzymes exhibited significant increases in activity and retained their 3-D structure.
Brain development switch could affect schizophrenia, other conditions
Researchers at Duke University and Johns Hopkins University have identified a key brain switch that regulates neuron migration, which may help in early detection of schizophrenia and other conditions. The study suggests that up to 10% of psychiatric illnesses are driven by defects in this switch system.
Having trouble sharing or understanding emotions? MU researcher believes affection could help
A recent study suggests that affectionate communication, such as hugging, can help individuals with high levels of alexithymia form more fulfilling relationships and reduce anxiety. Researchers surveyed 921 people and found that sharing affection reduces the negative impact of alexithymia on relationships.
Chimpanzees' contagious yawning evidence of empathy, not just sleepiness, study shows
Research at Yerkes National Primate Research Center finds chimpanzees yawn more after watching familiar chimps, suggesting underlying empathy. The study proposes that contagious yawning can be used as a measure of empathy in both humans and animals.
The self-made eye: Formation of optic cup from ES cells
ES cells can differentiate into retinal precursors and form an optic cup-like structure in vitro without external signaling sources. The tissue undergoes a four-step morphological rearrangement to assume the optic cup shape, driven by cell division and epithelial expansion.
Researchers ID microbe responsible for methane from landfills
A new study from North Carolina State University has identified a specific microbe that is the key to methane production in landfills. This anaerobic bacterium, Methanosarcina barkeri, consumes acids and increases pH levels, making other areas habitable for more methanogens.
S.L.E. Lupus Foundation announces new grants to further NYC scientists' leadership in lupus research
The S.L.E. Lupus Foundation has awarded grants to three New York City-based researchers to explore potential treatments and causes of lupus. The foundation's investment has surpassed $17 million, making it a leader in lupus research and care.
Neuralstem ALS trial in multiple presentations at upcoming American Academy of Neurology meeting
The phase I safety trial of Neuralstem's human spinal cord stem cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting, featuring interim safety data on nine patients. The trial is designed to evaluate the safety of the cells and surgery procedure for ALS treatment.
Vegans' elevated heart risk requires omega-3s and B12
A review of vegetarianism's biochemistry suggests that vegans may be at higher risk for blood clots and atherosclerosis due to low levels of essential nutrients. Increasing dietary omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B12 can help mitigate these risks, particularly through sources like salmon, walnuts, and fortified milk.
New survey: 72 percent of Americans think health-care system needs major overhaul
A survey by the Commonwealth Fund found that seven in ten adults think the US healthcare system needs to be fundamentally changed. The concerns include access barriers, poorly coordinated care, and growing costs. Strong support was also shown for patient-centered care systems and innovative use of teams and information systems.
Healthy welders may be at increased risk for early brain damage
A study published in Neurology found that welders exposed to welding fumes had an average 11.7% reduction in dopamine levels in the brain, indicating potential neurotoxic effects. The researchers also discovered brain changes consistent with manganese deposits in welders.
Vision loss in eye disease slowed using novel encapsulated cell therapy
A phase 2 clinical trial demonstrates the benefit of a neurotrophic factor to treat geographic atrophy, a severe form of age-related macular degeneration. The therapy, which delivers ciliary neurotrophic factor using encapsulated cell therapy, slowed vision loss and stabilized vision in patients with high-dose treatment.
SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 6, 2011
Tungsten may not be the best shot for making 'green' bullets
Scientists have found that tungsten accumulates in the spleen and bones of laboratory mice, raising concerns about its potential impact on the immune system. Further research is needed to determine the effects of tungsten on human health.
Researchers use novel methods to identify how cigarette smoke affects smokers
Researchers analyzed metabolites in blood and urine of smokers and non-smokers to understand how tobacco smoke affects human biology. The study found that nicotine-related metabolites varied among smokers, with overall metabolomic profiles differing between male and female individuals.
New prostate cancer test gives more accurate diagnosis
A new PSA test has been shown to detect aggressive prostate cancer more accurately than current tests and reduce unnecessary biopsies. The Pro-PSA test uses a specific PSA subform called (-2) Pro-PSA and can be analyzed with a mathematical formula to provide an overall Prostate Health Index.
Frailty not a factor in adverse drug reactions among seniors, study finds
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found no association between frailty and an increased risk of adverse drug reactions among elderly patients. Instead, researchers discovered that the greatest risk factor for adverse reactions was the number of new medications recently added to a patient's regimen.
SourceUniversity of California - San Francisco·JournalJournal of the American Geriatrics Society·DateApr 6, 2011
UCSD scientists receive prestigious Hartwell Biomedical Research Awards
Three UC San Diego researchers, Jack Bui, Pamela Itkin-Ansari and Adriana Tremoulet, receive $100,000 grants for their innovative research on improving childhood diseases. Their projects focus on immune system responses to cancer, Type-1 diabetes treatment and Kawasaki disease diagnosis.
Flexible schedules, results-oriented workplaces reduce work-family conflict and turnover
A recent study published in American Sociological Review found that flexible schedules and results-oriented workplaces can significantly reduce work-family conflict and turnover. The research, conducted at the University of Minnesota, involved over 600 employees and a company-wide initiative to introduce a 'Results Only Work Environmen...
Fatty liver -- how a serious problem arises
Research discovers TBL1 protein plays critical role in fatty liver development; higher triglyceride levels associated with lower TBL1 production. This finding may enable early identification of high-risk individuals and targeted dietary interventions.
Researchers find link between common dietary fat, intestinal microbes and heart disease
A new study discovered that specific intestinal microflora metabolize phosphatidyl choline, a common dietary lipid found in animal products, into compounds associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. The study found that higher levels of these compounds are linked to an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and death.
Regular retail therapy prolongs life
Research found that frequent shopping among the elderly increases survival rates, with daily shoppers 27% less likely to die compared to those who shopped less frequently. The study suggests that shopping may improve health by ensuring a good supply of food and promoting social connections.
Structure formed by strep protein can trigger toxic shock
Researchers at the University of California - San Diego discovered a structural basis for how strep protein can trigger toxic shock. The proteins form dense scaffolds that mimic blood clots, leading to widespread inflammation and organ failure. This breakthrough provides new insights into the pathogenesis of strep-induced toxic shock.
Some people's climate beliefs shift with weather
Researchers found that those who think it's warmer than usual are more likely to believe in and feel concern about global warming. The study suggests that weather may have influenced recent declining faith in climate science, but the results may vary depending on the poll.
Better treatment sought for blinding traumatic optic nerve damage
Scientists are investigating a novel treatment approach for traumatic optic nerve damage, with the goal of preventing permanent vision loss. By targeting an enzyme that regulates adenosine production, researchers hope to strengthen the body's natural anti-inflammatory response.
NDM-1-positive multidrug-resistant bacteria found in public water supplies and urban effluent in New Delhi suggesting NDM-1 is widespread in the environment
The study found NDM-1-positive bacteria in drinking-water samples and seepage samples from urban New Delhi, highlighting the need for global action to limit the worldwide spread of NDM-1 producing bacteria. The gene was also detected in pathogenic species like Shigella boydii and Vibrio cholerae.
Mussel adhesive inspires tough coating for living cells
Researchers created a durable coating using polydopamine inspired by mussel adhesive to protect yeast cells from cell-digesting chemicals and slow down division. The coating could have applications in creating tiny chemical probes, single-cell factories, and cancer therapy armor.
Children relate to stepparents based on perceived financial, emotional benefits, study finds
A recent study by University of Missouri experts found that stepchildren build positive relationships with stepparents based on their evaluations of the stepparents' behaviors and treatment. Children also develop relationships influenced by biological parents and other family members.
NYU Cancer Institute experts present at the AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011
Researchers from NYU Cancer Institute presented several promising findings at the AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011. They developed a novel test to detect early-stage asbestos-related pulmonary cancer with high accuracy, and explored treatment strategies for glioblastomas. Additionally, they mapped genome-wide nickel-related cancer effect...
Study: Socioeconomics playing reduced role in autism diagnoses
A new study found that while socioeconomics no longer significantly impact autism diagnoses, poor children from low-income neighborhoods are still less likely to be diagnosed. The study suggests that disparities in diagnosis and treatment persist, particularly for less severe cases.
NIDCD research at AChemS Annual Meeting
Researchers from the NIDCD presented studies on the effects of chronic inflammation on taste tissues in the tongue, as well as the neural mechanisms underlying the anticipation of flavors. Their findings offer new insights into the progression of olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and potential strategies for treatment.
Substance in tangerines fights obesity and protects against heart disease
Researchers discovered that the flavonoid Nobiletin in tangerines prevents obesity and protects against metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Nobiletin stimulated genes involved in burning excess fat and inhibited those responsible for manufacturing fat, leading to improved insulin sensitivity.
New study solidifies role of DISC1 in risk for schizophrenia and other mental illness
Researchers discovered a molecular switch that regulates protein behavior, expanding biomarker possibilities for diagnosing and tracking mental illnesses. The study found a key modification of the Disrupted In Schizophrenia gene (DISC1) governs its functions in new neuron production and neural migration.
Major breakthrough in preventing premature birth announced by NIH/WSU
A new method for preventing premature birth has been announced, showing that treating pregnant women at risk with a low-cost progesterone gel can reduce the rate of early preterm delivery in women with short cervix by 45%. The study found that progesterone also reduced respiratory distress syndrome in premature babies.
SourceWayne State University - Office of the Vice President for Research·JournalUltrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·DateApr 6, 2011
Robotic surgery put to the test for bowel cancer
A worldwide trial is being conducted to assess the use of robotic-assisted keyhole surgery in removing bowel tumours. The study aims to evaluate whether this approach makes cancer less likely to come back and reduces complications for patients.
Biodiversity improves water quality in streams through a division of labor
A University of Michigan ecologist found that biologically diverse streams are better at removing nitrate, a nitrogen compound pollutant, than less rich waterways. Niche partitioning, where each species occupies a unique habitat, increases the stream's absorbent sponge-like ability to clean pollutants.
What the world needs now? More wisdom
Research from Concordia University reveals that wisdom has an impact on how people cope in situations and whether they are more or less satisfied with life. Hallmarks of wisdom include knowledge, deep understanding of human nature, empathy, and the flexibility to see issues from others' perspectives.
New mobile app gives a voice to those with communications challenges
MyVoice, a mobile app and server system, introduces location-aware vocabulary that suggests useful words and phrases based on a user's location. The device is dramatically more affordable than traditional speaking aids, with a $30-monthly subscription cost.
Older age memory loss tied to stress hormone receptor in brain
A recent study by the University of Edinburgh has shed light on how older people experience memory loss, revealing a stress hormone receptor's role in this process. The research found that high levels of cortisol, a stress hormone, activate brain processes contributing to memory impairment.
Amount of AIDS virus in genital secretions predicts risk of heterosexual transmission
Researchers found that higher levels of HIV-1 in genital secretions are associated with a greater risk of transmission between opposite-sex couples, independent of blood levels. The study's findings offer insight into the biology of infection spread and suggest new strategies for prevention.
Neural guidance gene regulates liver development
Scientists have discovered that a gene regulating neuronal cell migration also plays a crucial role in liver organogenesis. The navigation gene nav3a optimizes cytoskeletal modulation, guiding cells to form the liver. Dysregulated expression of nav3a may be involved in human liver diseases.
Chimpanzees' contagious yawning evidence of empathy, not just sleepiness, study shows
Scientists discover chimpanzees yawn more when watching familiar chimps than strangers, suggesting an underlying mechanism for empathy. The findings support the idea that contagious yawning is a measure of empathy and may be influenced by social biases.
New drug shrinks cancer in animals, U-M study shows
Researchers developed small-molecule MDM2 inhibitors that activate p53 protein, killing cancer cells while avoiding DNA damage. These new drugs shrank tumors in animal models of human cancer without significant side effects.
Most recent mammography recommendations confuse public
A study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that US women were confused by recent mammography screening recommendations, with 30% more confused than helped. The majority of media coverage was unsupportive, and women aged 40-49 years were most likely to be confused.
Sniffing out lymphoma by turning dogs into humans
Researchers at North Carolina State University used a genetic model of dogs to identify genes involved in human non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The study found that only a few genes were shared between dogs and humans, suggesting that the genetic changes associated with the cancer are much less complex in canines.
Refusal skills help minority youths combat smoking, study finds
A University of Missouri study found that teaching refusal skills can help minority youths resist tobacco use, particularly those from American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. These skills are crucial in countering the high rates of smoking among AI/AN youths, who have a greater lifetime smoking rate than other racial groups.
High levels of toxic compounds found on coasts of West Africa
Research reveals high concentrations of carcinogenic PCBs in West Africa's coastal regions, with possible sources including illegal waste dumping and ship graveyard pollution. The study collected air samples from ships and land-based stations, pointing to the large ships' graveyard in Mauritania as a significant source of contamination.
SourceSpanish Foundation for Science and Technology·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology·DateApr 6, 2011
CMU's Takeo Kanade wins ACM/AAAI Award for career contributions to computer vision, robotics
Takeo Kanade has been honored with the ACM/AAAI Allen Newell Award for his career contributions to computer vision and robotics. He is being recognized for bridging computer science and other disciplines through his groundbreaking work, including the development of face recognition systems and robotic technologies.
Reliance on medical journals, deadlines can predict journalists' attitudes toward press releases
A study found that health journalists who regularly read medical journals are more open to covering stories based on corporate press releases, while those covering strokes tend to have negative views. Deadline pressure also plays a role in shaping journalists' attitudes toward press releases.
Some diabetes drugs are better than others, according to new study
A large study of over 107,000 people in Denmark found that certain insulin secretagogues (ISs) were associated with a higher risk of death from any cause and heart attacks compared to metformin. Metformin was found to be the most effective treatment for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
Fox Chase researchers report that naproxen reduces tumors in a mouse model of colon cancer
Researchers at Fox Chase Cancer Center found that naproxen and its derivative NO-naproxen reduce tumor formation in mutant mice. The data also suggests that naproxen blocks a key step in colon cancer formation, which could lead to the development of new chemopreventive agents.
Breast cancer patients' persistent fatigue is real, may actually speed up aging
A recent study suggests that breast cancer patients experiencing persistent fatigue may have an imbalance in their autonomic nervous system, leading to accelerated aging. Researchers found that fatigued patients showed higher levels of stress hormones and lower parasympathetic activity compared to non-fatigued patients.
GOLFIG increased progression-free survival in colorectal cancer patients
A Phase III study found that GOLFIG increased progression-free survival to 16.5 months, compared to 7.5 months with FOLFOX regimen. Researchers added gemcitabine and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor to boost immune system.
Placing value, price on new drugs: The challenge facing new UK policy, say Hopkins bioethicists
A UK policy aims to assess drug value using factors beyond clinical and cost effectiveness, including therapeutic innovation and societal benefits. The proposed 'value-based pricing' policy could change the way drugs are offered through Britain's National Health Service.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center to lead Immunotherapy Clinical Trials Network
The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center will lead the Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network (CITN), a multicenter research network on promising new agents that boost patients' immune systems. The CITN aims to develop treatments for cancer by selecting, designing and conducting early-phase trials using priority agents.
Birds must choose between mating, migrating, study finds
A University of Guelph study found that male birds that stay behind gain better breeding sites and are more attractive to females, leading to increased mating success. In contrast, migrating birds are often in poorer condition and less likely to survive the heavy rains.
Quality health care delivery key election issue, says CMAJ
CMAJ states that Canada's federal election should prioritize quality health care delivery over sustainability. The six aspects of high-quality care include safety, effectiveness, patient-centred care, timeliness, efficiency, and equity. A national electronic health record system is vital to ensuring quality care.
SourceCanadian Medical Association Journal·JournalCanadian Medical Association Journal·DateApr 6, 2011
New Caltech research suggests strong Indian crust thrust beneath the Tibetan Plateau
Researchers at Caltech propose that an entirely different mechanism is at play in Tibet, with a strong lower crust originating from India. This new understanding of the processes shaping the Himalaya Mountains and Tibet improves our knowledge of tectonic activity and earthquakes in the region.
Shopping online, privacy, data protection and third-party tracking
Researchers emphasize the need for legislation to regulate online behavioral advertising, as third-parties collect and share consumer data without transparency. This raises concerns about consumer privacy and data protection in e-commerce.
Precedent-setting evidence of the benefits of biodiversity
A new study verifies that biodiversity helps remove excess levels of nutrients from streams, degrading water quality. The study reveals how biodiversity increases the removal of pollutants through a process called niche partitioning, where each species occupies a unique habitat and removes specific forms of pollution.
Georgia Tech faculty share prestigious computing award
Guzdial and Ericson's Georgia Computes! program enhances computing instruction in primary and secondary schools, increasing participation among women and under-represented minority groups. The program has led to significant increases in Advanced Placement Computer Science courses and students from these groups
Progesterone reduces rate of early preterm birth in at-risk women
A NIH study found that progesterone reduced the rate of preterm birth before 33 weeks of pregnancy among women with a short cervix. Infants born to these women were also less likely to develop respiratory distress syndrome.
SourceNIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development·JournalUltrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·DateApr 6, 2011
Livermore researchers develop battery-less chemical detector
Lawrence Livermore researchers have developed a nanosensor that relies on semiconductor nanowires to detect various molecules quickly and selectively responds to different types of solvent molecules. The device is simple, highly sensitive and could be the first step in making an easily deployable chemical sensor for the battlefield.
Seeing rice with X-rays may improve crop yields
Researchers used X-ray CT scanners to analyze rice plant traits, improving measurement accuracy and reducing costs. This technology aids in selecting plants with the best tillers, crucial for crop success.
Fox Chase researchers find that fish oil boosts responses to breast cancer drug tamoxifen
Researchers found that fish oil increases expression of genes related to cellular specialization, differentiation, and immune defenses against tumors. However, it also triggers counterproductive immune responses like inflammation and allergic reactions.
Simple chemical cocktail shows first promise for limb re-growth in mammals
Researchers developed a chemical cocktail to convert mouse muscle fibers into cells that form the first stages of regenerating limbs. The methods have implications for regenerative medicine and stem cell biology, potentially speeding wound healing and creating new tissues.
Under pressure: Germanium
Researchers discovered germanium undergoes structural changes to become metallic under high pressure, exhibiting superconductivity caused by phonons. The findings matched theoretical predictions, confirming the element's potential applications in electronics and materials science.
Hypothermia proven to improve survival and outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
A new journal, Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management, explores the use of therapeutic hypothermia to improve survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The therapy has been shown to reduce brain injury risk in approximately 400,000 people who suffer from cardiac arrest annually.
SourceMary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News·JournalTherapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management·DateApr 6, 2011
Genetic variants associated with caffeine intake identified
Researchers have discovered two genes linked to caffeine consumption, revealing a genetic basis for individual differences in caffeine intake. The study found that individuals with specific genetic variants consumed significantly more or less caffeine than others, highlighting the importance of genetic factors in shaping daily habits.
Development of protocols for future disasters urgently called for
A recent review article highlights the urgent need for protocols to deal with disaster-related health effects. The study reports on the toxicologic consequences of exposures in the Gulf Oil Spill and notes the complexity of assessing full effects due to multiple sources and underlying disease burdens.
SourceLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateApr 6, 2011
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Indian public water supply
A Cardiff University-led team discovered antibiotic-resistant bacteria carrying the NDM-1 gene in New Delhi's drinking water supply, including strains that cause cholera and dysentery. The findings highlight the need for urgent action to tackle the spread of resistant bacteria worldwide.
2 dying stars reborn as 1
Astronomers have discovered a binary system consisting of two white dwarfs orbiting each other every 39 minutes. The stars are expected to collide and merge in 37 million years, resulting in the formation of a single star. This discovery marks the first time such an event has been observed.
SourceCenter for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian·JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·DateApr 6, 2011
2 new studies link hunting to lead in scavenger birds
Two new studies by UC Davis researchers found a direct link between lead ammunition and lead poisoning in scavenger birds like eagles and turkey vultures. The studies suggest that hunting with lead ammunition can have devastating effects on these bird species, causing inability to fly, starvation, anemia, blindness, seizures and death.
New fusion gene plays role in some stomach cancers
A newly discovered hybrid gene is found to play a role in some stomach cancers, potentially fueling tumor growth and survival. The CD44-SLC1A2 fusion gene may be at work in up to 2 percent of stomach cancers and could lead to improved therapies.
Gene linked to severity of autism's social dysfunction
Johns Hopkins scientists have identified a gene, GRIP1, associated with autism that affects social interaction deficits. The study found that variants of the gene contribute to the severity of social behavior in individuals with autism.
Adolescent body mass index can predict young adulthood diabetes and heart disease
A large cohort study found that normal-range body mass index in adolescence significantly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in young adulthood. Elevated BMI was associated with a 10% to 12% increased risk for these diseases.
SourceAmerican Associates, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateApr 6, 2011
New discovery proves cause of weight problems in Huntington's disease
Researchers at Lund University have discovered a causal relationship between mutated Huntington's protein and weight gain in mice. The study shows significant changes in the brain's hormone control centre, leading to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.
An international study in China finds strawberries may slow precancerous growth in the esophagus
A new international study suggests that consuming strawberries may help protect against esophageal cancer by slowing precancerous growth. Six months of daily strawberry consumption decreased histological grade and reduced cancer-related molecular events in patients with esophageal precancerous lesions.
MIT biologists pinpoint a genetic change that helps tumors move to other parts of the body
Researchers at MIT have identified a genetic change that helps lung tumors metastasize, with reduced NKX2-1 activity associated with higher death rates for lung-cancer patients. Understanding this gene's role may help scientists develop drugs to counteract its loss.
Novel association between Parkinson's disease and prostate cancer
Researchers found a significant association between Parkinson's disease and an increased risk of prostate cancer and melanoma. The study, using the Utah Population Database, also identified a reciprocal risk for PD among individuals with these two cancers and their relatives.
Control the cursor with power of thought
A team of researchers from Washington University used electrocortiography (ECoG) to control a computer cursor using words spoken out loud and in their head. The study showed up to 90% accuracy, even without prior training, and has huge potential for patients with speech disorders or limited movement. Future operations may use small, mi...
Female deer confirm bigger is not always better when choosing a mate
A recent study found that female fallow deer tend to mate with younger, lower-ranking males rather than the dominant ones. This 'indirect mate choice' may be due to factors such as inexperience or difficulty carrying larger offspring. The research has important implications for understanding sexual selection and evolution.
Using MRI, researchers may predict which adults will develop Alzheimer's
A study published in Radiology used MRI to analyze brain atrophy and identify individuals with mild cognitive impairment at risk of progressing to Alzheimer's disease. The researchers found that patients with MCI had a one-year risk of conversion to AD ranging from three to 40 percent.
Replacing batteries may become a thing of the past, thanks to 'soft generators'
Researchers have developed a low-cost, soft generator that can convert movement into battery power using dielectric elastomer technology. This innovation has the potential to create light, flexible, and silent energy harvesters with excellent mechanical properties.
Common nanoparticles found to be highly toxic to Arctic ecosystem
Researchers at Queen's University discovered that silver nanoparticles can be highly toxic to microbial communities in Arctic soil, compromising the ecosystem's ability to fix nitrogen. The study's findings highlight the need for further consideration of innovation's impact on the environment.
Strawberries may slow precancerous growth in esophagus
Researchers found that eating six months of freeze-dried strawberries decreased histological grade of precancerous lesions and reduced cancer-related molecular events. The study suggests that strawberries may be a safe and effective chemopreventive agent for esophageal cancer prevention.
Tufts engineering professor wins NSF Career Award
Assistant Professor Tom Vandervelde of Tufts University has been awarded a $400,000 NSF Career Award to continue his research on thermophotovoltaics. His goal is to make these cells more efficient at lower temperatures, enabling applications in medical devices and sustainable energy solutions such as cooling data server farms.
New device promises safer way to deliver powerful drugs
Researchers have developed a new drug delivery device that uses optical fibers to target specific areas of the body, reducing toxicity and side effects. The device is designed to deliver high-powered photosensitive chemicals directly to tumors or infected areas, potentially killing cancer cells and bacteria.
Researchers develop golden window electrodes for organic solar cells
The University of Warwick team has created a rapid method for preparing robust, ultra-thin gold films on glass, offering a viable alternative to ITO-coated glass. The resulting electrodes are chemically well-defined and can be scaled up for large area applications.
Research identifies on-off switch for key 'factor' in heart disease and cancer
Scientists at the University of Hull have identified a cellular mechanism controlling tissue factor inclusion in endothelial microparticles, which may help treat cardiovascular disease and cancer. The on-off switch, involving tandem amino acids, regulates phosphate molecule addition to control tissue factor release.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Third dimension of specific cell cultivation
Researchers at KIT have successfully cultivated cells on three-dimensional structures with precise control over adhesion and cell shape. The team developed a special polymer scaffold using the Direct Laser Writing Method, which allows for the growth of individual cells in specific locations.
Body mass index in adolescence associated with early occurrence of diabetes and heart disease
A 17-year study of 37,000 Israeli teenagers found that normal-range adolescent BMI can predict type 2 diabetes and heart disease risk in young adults. Elevated BMI at any age was associated with increased disease risk, especially at ages 17 and 30.
Human taste cells regenerate in a dish
Researchers at the Monell Chemical Senses Center have successfully maintained human taste cells in culture for seven months, providing a valuable tool for understanding the sense of taste. The breakthrough enables scientists to test drugs to promote recovery from taste loss due to infection, radiation, or chemotherapy.