University of Illinois researchers have confirmed that amorphous silicon has two-state dynamics, a characteristic of glass. However, adding hydrogen robs the material of this property and introduces micro-crystalline structure, which significantly affects its behavior.
A new study from Harvard School of Public Health found that watching more than two hours of TV per day increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The researchers also found that prolonged TV viewing is associated with an increased risk of premature death.
The 100GET project successfully increased internet bandwidth capacity from 40GbE to 100GbE, demonstrating the importance of efficient data transfer in meeting growing demand. By leveraging partnerships and innovative technologies, companies involved in the project have created new products, jobs, and patent applications.
A study published in JAMA Network found that the number of paid malpractice claims for events resulting in paid malpractice claims in outpatient and inpatient settings were similar in 2009. The study also found that the rate of decline in malpractice claims was greater for inpatient settings compared to outpatient settings.
A new method developed by North Carolina State University researchers can accurately predict player behavior in online role-playing games, including World of Warcraft. The tool uses data-driven predictive modeling to identify groups of achievements that are closely related and can predict future behavior with up to 80% accuracy.
A recent study suggests that preschool-age children who get less sleep are more likely to exhibit hyperactive and inattentive behavior at kindergarten. The research, presented at SLEEP 2011, controlled for factors such as gender, ethnicity, and family income.
A new study by Taoli Zhang and colleagues found that Chinese people fluent in English quickly translate Chinese words into English without conscious thought. This suggests a strong connection between languages stored in the bilingual brain.
A University of Iowa study found that women who make their sexual debut as young teens are more likely to divorce, especially if the experience was unwanted or had mixed feelings. This link holds even for those who delay sex until adulthood.
A study of midshipman fish has identified two distinct groups of neurons controlling sound duration and frequency for social communication. The research provides a simplified wiring diagram for understanding how the brain allows vertebrates to produce sounds, revealing an ancestrally shared brain area that originated in fishes.
Researchers found that prostate cancer can adapt to hormone therapy by activating a survival cell signaling pathway, making it more effective. The study's findings suggest that targeting both the androgen receptor and PI3K pathways may be necessary to effectively treat these cancers.
A team of scientists found that solar minimums lead to geomagnetic effects on Earth due to the speed of the solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field strength, and coronal hole placement. Coronal holes caused a decrease in solar wind speed and southward magnetic components, resulting in lower geomagnetic effects.
Researchers found a nearly 20-year-old observation of the faint galaxy ESO 546-G34, which offers insights into the earliest galaxies in the universe. The discovery suggests that small low surface brightness galaxies may have more in common with the first galaxies formed after the Big Bang.
A Swedish study found that lifeguards can perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) effectively despite undergoing extreme exertion during a rescue. The study involved 40 surf lifeguards who carried out a simulated surf rescue and then performed CPR for 10 minutes on a manikin.
A recent study by the University of Edinburgh found that certain types of carbon nanotubes could cause cancer in the lining of the lung. Researchers discovered that longer nanotubes were more likely to get stuck in the lung cavity and ultimately cause mesothelioma.
African-Americans have a genetic predisposition to convert dietary PUFAs to inflammatory messengers, increasing risk for chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The research highlights the importance of personalized nutrition, emphasizing that nutrients may be healthy or harmful depending on individual ancestry.
Researchers found that Hessian flies can trigger strong defenses in wheat plants, causing them to release essential nutrients to the insects. However, avirulent larvae can sometimes survive by reversing these defenses, potentially extending the durability of resistance.
Researchers found that European alpine soils generally retain similar amounts of phosphate, ranging from 9-145 mmol kg-1, with aluminum oxide concentration being the key factor. Acidified soils retain more phosphate than non-acidified ones.
A new study provides experimental evidence supporting Darwin's phylogenetic limiting similarity hypothesis, where closely related species are more prone to extinction. The research found that competitive exclusion occurred more frequently and rapidly between closely related microorganism species.
Scientists have identified how E. coli O157:H7 colonizes fresh-cut lettuce, providing new insights for food safety. The bacteria breaks down leaf cells, releasing carbohydrates and antimicrobial compounds that can be used as energy sources.
Researchers have developed a new method called ExpertLens to gather and analyze opinions from experts and laypeople, leveraging online and social media technologies. The system has performed well in early tests and could have wide application across various fields such as public policy, healthcare, finance, and marketing.
New research by UC Berkeley scientists reveals that fear and emotional experiences lead to stronger memories through the activation of newborn neurons in the hippocampus. The amygdala induces the generation of new neurons, which provide a 'blank slate' for imprinting fearful memories.
Researchers at UCLA have discovered a sugar-binding protein called galectin-9 that traps PDI on T-cells' surface, making them more susceptible to HIV infection. This finding may lead to the development of new anti-HIV therapeutics by inhibiting PDI or galectin-9.
Researchers analyzed data from over 30,000 individuals to identify four phases of blood pressure changes throughout life. The study found that midlife acceleration in blood pressure was more pronounced in men than women due to menopause-related effects, and body mass index had a strong link with blood pressure.
A study found that perceived racism is associated with an elevated risk of self-reported sleep disturbance, increased by 61% after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. This link may contribute to negative impacts on mental and physical health, highlighting the importance of addressing social environmental stressors.
Researchers used time-lapse video microscopic technology to observe early stages of ovarian cancer metastasis. The study identified the force-dependent processes necessary for tumor cells to attach to and proliferate on organs in the peritoneum.
A new study published in Development and Psychopathology found that quality parenting skills by dads significantly reduces the incidence of risky sexual behavior in their daughters. The study, led by Bruce J. Ellis, showed that girls who receive lower quality fathering tend to engage in more risky sexual behavior in adolescence.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health discovered that Wnt signaling, a biological process controlling many processes, is essential for coordinated actions of hair follicle stem cells and melanocyte stem cells. This study suggests manipulating Wnt signaling may be a novel strategy to target graying hair.
A new study reveals archaeobotanical evidence of beer brewing in Mediterranean France, dating back to the 5th century BC. The findings suggest that the French had an early passion for beer brewing, alongside regular wine making.
Watching TV for 2-3 hours per day or more increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease, and all-cause death. A meta-analysis of 8 studies found a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes and a 15% increased risk of fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease with each additional 2 hours of TV viewing.
This observational cohort study found HAART markedly improves the survival of HIV-infected children in a severely resource-deprived country. The treatment's effectiveness was comparable to that seen in more affluent settings, addressing a significant need for information on its impact in low-income countries.
A recent study suggests that pressure to have a thin body may lead to sleep deprivation among white adolescent girls. The pressure from girlfriends and media was found to be significantly predictive of sleep duration for these girls, with the strongest predictor being pressure from girlfriends.
A meta-analysis of data from 63 countries found that societal values of individualism are the best predictors of well-being. Higher income and social equality also contribute to higher well-being, but the effect of money on happiness plateaus once basic needs are met.
A new study suggests that people using mist inhalers to deliver the commonly prescribed COPD medication tiotropium may be 52% more likely to die. The findings raise concerns not only about the device but also about the drug itself, particularly its potential link to cardiovascular disease.
A recent study found that E. coli bacteria are more likely to develop resistance to antibiotics when exposed to low levels of these medications, rather than high concentrations. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the safety of using antibiotics in food animals and highlights the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.
Researchers at MIT and UMass have developed a system to protect medical implants from attack by jamming unauthorized wireless signals. The system uses a small transmitter that can be worn like a necklace or watch, and allows authorized users to communicate with the implant while blocking malicious signals.
A study by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine found that people who get 6-9 hours of sleep per night have higher self-reported scores for quality of life and lower scores for depression severity. Optimal sleep duration is associated with better mental health outcomes.
The 2011 Pew Scholars will advance research leading to medical breakthroughs and treatments, covering human diseases like Alzheimer's and diabetes. The program, investing over $125 million, recognizes early-career scientists with innovative ideas.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have figured out how copper induces misfolding in the protein associated with Parkinson's disease. This finding has implications for both the study of Parkinson's progression and future treatments. The researchers used computer simulations to ferret out the most likely binding scenario, re...
Two Johns Hopkins researchers argue that many hospital quality measures contain surveillance bias, which can lead to misleading data. They propose standardized methods for surveillance and focus on processes rather than outcomes to get a clearer picture of hospital quality.
Research at Queen's University found that stressed birds have higher reproductive success and offer better care to their young. Female tree swallows with increased stress hormones fed their nestlings more frequently.
The Wilderness Medical Society has published evidence-based practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite. The guidelines emphasize preventing frostbite through measures such as maintaining blood flow to extremities, exercising, and minimizing exposure and heat loss. Treatment options include field-thawing followed ...
UBC researchers used an innovative method to uncover the molecular mechanism behind some anti-arrhythmia drugs, which control irregular heartbeats. The study found that variations in electrostatic interactions between the drugs and amino acids in the cardiac sodium channel affect their binding and effects.
A study found that treating insomnia with cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly reduced suicidal thoughts and feelings in individuals with sleep disorders. Group therapy sessions, conducted weekly and bi-weekly, resulted in a post-treatment reduction of suicidal ideation.
Researchers emphasize the importance of educating the public about the value of research on newborn blood samples and obtaining parental consent for specimen use. The government guidelines published today fall short in addressing public concerns about privacy and misuse of samples.
The National Institutes of Health has awarded Penn State a $27.3 million grant to support the Clinical and Translational Science Institute, which aims to improve public health through collaborative research and outreach expertise. The grant will focus on children's health, cancer, and behavioral health.
Researchers discovered four genomic regions that control the photoperiod response in maize, with varying effects from different tropical varieties. This study sheds light on the genetic variation controlling day length response, revealing unexpected diversity and potential for improving maize yields.
A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet has been shown to slow the growth of tumors and reduce the risk of cancer in mice. The study found that restricting carbohydrate intake can limit blood glucose and insulin, promoting tumor growth. A low-carb diet also boosted the immune system's ability to kill cancer cells and prevented obesity.
African-American middle school students are more likely to consent to mental health screening and access school-based services. The study found that 71.7% of African-American students referred for screening accessed recommended services, compared to 76.2% of white students.
Dr. John Rogers has developed revolutionary products in human health, fiber optics, semiconductor manufacturing, and solar power, with many currently in commercial use. He is also a mentor to students at University of Illinois, encouraging future inventors to think ingeniously and pursue solutions to grand challenges.
LA BioMed will receive $4.17 million from the NIH grant to fund inpatient clinical research unit at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. The UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute aims to accelerate scientific discoveries and clinical breakthroughs for improved health.
The study highlights the potential health risks associated with migration interception practices, including immigration detention and visa restrictions. Health professionals must engage in discussions about migration and humanitarian protection to consider the broader impact on health and welfare.
The award will help WPI partner with schools and organizations to double the number of students using ASSISTments, a web-based system that integrates student learning and assessment. The goal is to establish a technology and professional development plan that will enable the system to scale to over a million users by 2015.
Patients on online rating sites tend to avoid low-rated physicians and overstate their negative experiences. The study suggests these biases can provide more accurate information about low-quality doctors but are less reliable for high-quality ones.
A new study found that non-invasive liver tests can accurately predict the five-year survival rate of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Liver stiffness measurement and the FibroTest were shown to have high predictive values for overall survival and survival without liver-related death.
Rogers' groundbreaking research combines soft, stretchable materials with micro-and nanoscale electronic components to create devices with diverse practical applications, including solar power and biocompatible sensor arrays. He is recognized for his ability to bridge incongruent fields of work and translate science into products.
Van Andel Research Institute scientists found a protein that predicts the spread of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a deadly head and neck cancer common in southern China and Southeast Asia. Higher levels of serglycin correlate with poor prognosis and increased metastasis, suggesting it as a therapeutic target to stop disease progression.
A study of college students found that attending classes with later start times led to delayed sleep schedules, resulting in poorer sleep, increased binge drinking, and lower grades. Students who preferred staying up later were more likely to engage in heavy drinking and experience negative academic consequences.
The National Institutes of Health has awarded $200 million over five years to five health research centers to speed scientific discoveries into treatments for patients. The grants support the innovation and partnerships necessary to bridge basic research and medical practice.
Research at the University of Chicago found that preschool children grasp counting only if they understand the value of groups greater than three. Children who are exposed to higher number words acquire an understanding of the cardinal principle before those with limited exposure.
Patients with elevated FGF-23 levels had a higher risk of end-stage renal disease and death, even at early stages of chronic kidney disease. The association was found across different estimated glomerular filtration rates (GFR) categories.
New HIV incidence assays have the potential to revolutionize AIDS prevention efforts by offering accurate and efficient methods for tracking recent HIV infections. These innovative tests could help target high-risk populations more effectively, ultimately reducing the spread of HIV.
A team of researchers has made a breakthrough in understanding the assembly of centromeres in human cells, revealing an essential division of labor among specific proteins. By visualizing these proteins in living cells, they discovered that certain proteins like CENP-A play a crucial role in carrying genetic information to the centromere.
A record-sized Gulf of Mexico 'dead zone' is expected, driven by massive amounts of nutrients from the Mississippi River. The predicted size could surpass 8,500 square miles, threatening major fisheries and ecosystems.
A new JAMA study reveals that adverse events, including major injury and death, occur frequently in private physician offices and outpatient clinics. The researchers found that errors in diagnosis and surgery are increasing in the outpatient setting, driven by advances in minimally invasive surgical techniques.
Researchers block PlGF to increase life expectancy in CML mice, even those resistant to imatinib. Chronic myeloid leukemia's uncontrolled white blood cell production is disrupted by a disruption in maturing process.
The University of Kentucky has received a $20 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to enhance its clinical and translational science programs. The funding will support research initiatives, educational programs, and community engagement, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes for Kentuckians and beyond.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has named 10 outstanding early-career Latin-American scientists as Pew Fellows in the Biomedical Sciences. The program provides $60,000 in salary support and additional funding to establish research laboratories in their home countries.
Researchers have found that ovarian cancer cells use brute force to invade surrounding tissues and organs. The study identified key proteins involved in this process, providing a potential target for future treatments.
Dental implant technology could be improved by studying the surface structure at both micro and nano levels. Researchers found that increasing the active surface area and changing conductivity can speed up healing, reducing discomfort for patients.
A study of college students found that sleep helps retain and integrate new information to solve complex problems. After 12 hours of sleep, performance improved on novel integration problems without affecting basic trained problems.
Researchers found that when people use summary perception to perceive general properties of objects, they are unable to learn relationships between the objects. On the other hand, when there are relationships to be learned, people are worse at perceiving general properties.
The European Society of Cardiology is urging more research into vulnerable plaques and their stabilization. Studies have shown that therapies like statins and anti-platelet drugs can reduce cardiovascular events, while imaging tools and biomarkers may help identify at-risk patients.
Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine discovered a cellular signaling pathway governing fat tissue and vascular smooth muscle differentiation. Elevated PDGFRβ signaling inhibits the formation of fat cells, offering new therapeutic targets for preventing obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers in Singapore and Norway have created a 'perfect eavesdropper' that exploits an overlooked loophole in quantum key distribution (QKD) to obtain a shared secret key. This discovery highlights the importance of identifying imperfections in QKD implementation to ensure its security.