Researchers at the University of Vienna aim to measure general relativistic time on a quantum scale by exploiting quantum interference and complementarity. They consider a single clock in a superposition of two locations, one closer and one further away from Earth, where gravity's effects are different.
Researchers developed a simplified lab technique for measuring polymer characteristics using magnets, validating decades-old Nobel-Prize-winning theory. The new method uses magnetic tweezers to measure the structure and other critical parameters of long polymer molecules like polyethylene glycol.
Researchers aim to double the time window for corneal transplants from one week to two weeks after donor death to increase donated cornea supply. The five-year study will compare outcomes of 1,330 corneal transplants to determine if second-week transplants are as effective and safe.
The AAN has released an updated guideline for treating essential tremor, recommending the use of medications such as propranolol and primidone to improve shaking in people with the disorder. The guideline also suggests that brain surgery may be a viable option for those who do not benefit from drug treatment.
Researchers established diffusion parameters for argon in jarosite, allowing them to measure the age of the mineral and surface conditions. This discovery provides a roadmap for studying Martian samples brought back to Earth, with implications for searching for potential habitats harboring life.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have made significant breakthroughs in understanding the dynamic intestinal ecosystem, suggesting new approaches to prevent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and viral infections. They found that certain bacteria can increase polio virus infectivity by activating it.
A study of nearly 20,000 patients found that low values in three medical measures - median arterial pressure, median anesthetic concentration, and bispectral index - correlate with increased mortality risk. The triple-low combination was associated with a 2.5-times higher risk of death during the first year after surgery.
A research team at Virginia Tech has discovered genetic mechanisms behind bed bug resistance to deltamethrin and beta-cyfluthrin. The study found multiple genes that enable the insects to detoxify these insecticides, making them less effective.
A study by Case Western Reserve University researchers suggests that the evolution of human vertebrae adapted for upright walking is the primary cause of backbone fractures, not osteoporosis. The team found that human vertebrae are larger and more porous than those in apes, but also thinner and less protected against cracks and breaks.
The Lemelson-MIT InvenTeam initiative inspires a new generation of inventors by engaging students in creative thinking and hands-on learning. This year's projects include a natural disaster emergency relief filtration station and a portable medical support system.
A US Department of Agriculture scientist identified a rare grass-like sedge as blue sedge, native to Asia and Australia, found growing near the gravesites of a royal Gypsy family in Mississippi. The plant's restricted distribution and invasive traits suggest it could cause problems in US lawn and turf systems.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 promotes a national comparative outcomes research project agenda to optimize evidence-based medicine. High-quality associations will identify research topics for pragmatic clinical trials, while systematic reviews of clinical trials provide optimal evidence-based medicine.
Researchers developed non-natural flavanones with broad activity against bacteria and fungi, but no toxicity to mammalian cells. The compounds showed promising activity against various pathogens, including E. coli and fungal species.
A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, m102.4, has been developed to protect against Hendra virus infection, showing promise as a potential treatment for severe illness and death in humans. The antibody attacks a critical component of the virus, preventing its infection of cells.
The University of Delaware will lead a consortium to develop new standards of care for warfighters with limb injuries, improving their quality of life. The BADER Consortium aims to advance post-injury treatment and bring evidence-based practices forward rapidly.
Researchers find that magnetic atoms are necessary for low-temperature superconductivity in heavy fermion compounds. This discovery sheds light on the delicate balance between magnetism and superconductivity, potentially leading to breakthroughs in high-temperature superconductors.
Research reveals VEGF's crucial role in regulating skin cancer stem cells, which are key to sustaining tumor growth. The study also identifies Neuropilin 1 as a critical receptor in this process, highlighting new targets for cancer therapy.
A collaborative research team has developed an effective therapy against Hendra virus, giving an anti-virus human monoclonal antibody therapy after exposure protected animals from lethal disease. The study demonstrates promising results and offers a real potential treatment for Hendra virus infection in people.
A randomized clinical trial found that breastfeeding in mature feeders reduced behavioral pain scores in preterm neonates. However, the study did not show significant benefits for all breastfed infants and raised concerns about potential negative effects on developing brains.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed TapSense technology that can differentiate between various parts of a finger when tapped on a touchscreen. This technology allows for richer touch interactions, such as customizing typing and painting apps, and even enables collaboration with different materials and tools.
University of Missouri researchers have identified distinct differences in facial characteristics between children with autism and typically developing children. The study found that children with autism have broader eyes, a shorter middle face region, and a wider mouth, which may enable further study of the underlying causes of autism.
Two new studies advance the field of yttrium-90 radioembolization for liver cancer treatment. Researchers successfully modified blood vessels to maximize tumor-killing material delivery and simplify treatment. This technique allows for high local radiation doses with minimal risk to healthy tissues.
A new study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that the optimal time to integrate HIV treatment with TB therapy depends on a patient's immune status. Patients with advanced HIV disease who start antiretroviral treatment earlier show significant improvements in survival rates.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a self-templating material assembly process using a harmless virus to mimic the formation of complex structures from helical macromolecules like collagen. The technique allows for control over the type of pattern formed, enabling the creation of materials with diverse functions.
Dr. William E. Bunney, a renowned UCI psychiatrist, has been awarded the prestigious Institute of Medicine's 2011 Rhoda & Bernard Sarnat International Prize in Mental Health for his groundbreaking research on mood disorders. His work has significantly advanced our understanding of biological factors and treatment options for depression...
A study by U-M-led researchers found that internet message boards are increasingly used by women to cope with pregnancy loss, revealing significant disparities in support. The study revealed that only half of the women surveyed had experienced a recent loss, and those from African American backgrounds were underrepresented online.
Astronomers have captured a new image of a star's disk, revealing spiral-arm-like structures that could indicate the presence of hidden planets. The Subaru Telescope's advanced imaging capabilities have revealed these dynamic features for the first time.
The new superlattice cameras can detect multiple infrared wavelengths simultaneously, enabling real-time chemical spectroscopy and enhanced image processing. These advancements offer unique functionalities beyond color representation, making them an attractive technology for various applications.
Researchers have engineered a highly ordered version of a magnetic oxide compound, revealing the influence of electrons near additional lanthanum layers. The study provides crucial insights into the emerging field of oxide spintronics and its potential for fast memory devices with reduced power consumption.
A University of Rochester analysis found that older men are more likely to die from prostate cancer due to late-stage diagnosis. The study's lead author notes that overall health plays a significant role in life expectancy following a cancer diagnosis.
A novel system combines eye-tracking technology with CAD tools to recover intuitive design elements suppressed by digital technologies. The 'Designing with Vision' system allows designers to work fluidly with machines, combining human ingenuity and machine-based digital technology.
A human antibody given to monkeys infected with Hendra virus completely protected them from disease. The study results are cause for hope that the antibody may be developed into a possible treatment for people who become infected with these viruses.
Piglets exposed to anise flavor before and after birth exhibit improved behavior and reduced cortisol levels upon weaning. Smelling the familiar flavor alone is sufficient to elicit a favorable response, suggesting a positive effect on stress and adaptation.
A new treatment for the deadly Hendra virus has proven successful in primate tests, with all 12 treated animals surviving after infection. The antibody m102.4 has shown strong activity against both Hendra and Nipah viruses.
Researchers report using simultaneous techniques to reduce radiation exposure during cardiac testing, with results showing a 75-85% decrease in patient risk. The new high-definition CT scan method offers improved safety for patients concerned about radiation exposure.
Researchers from Italy and Germany created a model to predict friction on rough surfaces in wet conditions, shedding light on the flow of liquid at contact interfaces. The study confirms experimental findings and offers potential applications for creating microstructured tyres with improved grip in rainy weather.
A new analysis by University of Michigan researchers found that Olympic timing procedures don't accurately detect false starts by female sprinters, with some being able to anticipate the gun by up to 20 milliseconds. The researchers recommend lowering the force threshold for females to ensure fair racing.
Reinnervate has won the prestigious R&D 100 Award for its groundbreaking 3D cell culture technology alvetex. The company's technology enables genuine 3D cell growth, providing valuable insights into cellular function in real tissues.
A new study found that a topical gel formulation of tenofovir significantly reduces HIV-1 transmission while also protecting against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The researchers discovered that the drug's effectiveness against HSV was due to its ability to inhibit an enzyme needed for viral replication.
A study published in PNAS found a strong association between high levels of pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and an increased risk of spina bifida and anencephaly in newborns. The researchers collected placentas from 80 fetuses with birth defects and found high concentrations of endosulfan, lindane, and PAHs.
A Stanford University School of Medicine study found that modifying proteins in a laboratory roundworm increases the life span of both the original animal and its descendants, even when the modification is no longer present. This suggests that longevity can be inherited in a non-genetic manner over several generations.
A new study published in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology suggests that delaying coronary stenting after a heart attack may improve patient outcomes. The research found that waiting several days to allow the artery to heal before inserting a stent may be more effective than immediate stenting.
A new field is taking shape, studying scientific thought and behavior, with applications in education and understanding human interest in science. Researchers examine brain correlations, cognitive processes, and developmental aspects of scientific inquiry.
Scientists propose 'Lance Armstrong effect' to overcome resistance in pancreatic and other cancers, with promising results in testicular cancer patients who beat metastatic disease despite low survival rates elsewhere. Researchers explore nanoparticle therapies to target tumors with high temperatures.
Excessive self-praise can have negative effects on mental health, according to new research published by the American Psychological Association. Accurate self-assessments and performance feedback are more beneficial for emotional well-being.
Researchers have developed a novel microfluidics system using magnetic switches to trap and transport magnetic beads. The technology offers random access control and a memory that lasts even with power off, making it suitable for biotechnology and medical diagnostics applications.
Research finds that IQ can increase or decrease significantly during adolescence, with changes linked to brain structure. Brain scans revealed correlations between improved verbal and non-verbal IQ scores and increased grey matter density in specific brain areas.
Dr. William Tierney, president and CEO of the Regenstrief Institute, is recognized for his work on implementing electronic health record systems and advancing clinical informatics. He has received numerous awards, including the Collen Award, which acknowledges his persistent efforts to advance biomedical and health informatics.
Researchers from Ruhr-University Bochum found a serious attack against XML Encryption, which is used by companies like IBM and Microsoft to protect data. The attack exploits a weakness in the CBC mode for chaining ciphertext blocks, rendering XML Encryption insecure.
The discovery of oxygen-breathing bacteria on land is now estimated to have occurred around 2.48 billion years ago. This finding pushes the Great Oxidation Event forward in time, suggesting that aerobic respiration evolved earlier than previously thought.
Researchers confirm the fundamental physical principle relating individual particle behavior to that of a multiparticle system. Using fluorescent molecules and high-resolution imaging, they measured diffusive behavior of ensembles and single molecules, providing the first experimental confirmation of ergodicity.
A Purdue University and NIST team developed a microring resonator that converts continuous laser light into numerous ultrashort pulses, enabling applications in advanced sensors, communications systems, and laboratory instruments. The device uses nonlinear interaction to generate frequencies with equal spacing.
Researchers propose a novel mechanism for bioluminescence in dinoflagellates, involving voltage-gated proton channels and luciferase activation. This discovery enhances our understanding of these organisms, some of which produce toxins harmful to the environment.
A large study of over 10,000 breast cancer patients found that radiotherapy significantly reduces the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality. The study found that radiotherapy almost halves the 10-year-risk of recurrence and reduces the 15-year-risk of mortality by a sixth
The Boston University School of Medicine is developing novel technologies to detect lung cancer early, using advanced imaging techniques and molecular biomarkers. The goal is to reduce mortality among high-risk individuals by identifying those at risk for future development of the disease.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B found that live stranded dolphins form gas bubbles in their tissues, but can often manage them and resume normal lives. The researchers suggest that marine mammals may be able to regulate bubble formation through routine management.
A Mayo Clinic study provides guidance for treating sudden cardiac arrest patients with therapeutic cooling, which slows metabolism and preserves cell health. The study found that both patient groups awoke within three days, supporting the use of hypothermia when indicated.
NASA has released a series of new satellite data visualizations showing tens of millions of fires detected globally from space. The data helps scientists understand the impact of fire on local, regional and global scales.
Future-Directed Therapy has been shown to significantly improve depression and anxiety symptoms in patients by teaching them skills to think positively about the future. The new treatment approach focuses on helping individuals set goals, problem-solve, and plan for future events, leading to improved overall quality of life.
Engineers and scientists at UC Berkeley developed a simple, single-step process to direct M13 phages to serve as structural building blocks. The resulting thin-film structures exhibit complex properties, such as bending light and guiding cell growth. The technique sheds light on the self-assembly of biological tissues in nature.
A recent study found that mothers' brains process pup odors and sounds differently than non-mothers, enabling them to detect distress calls. The integration of olfactory and auditory cues is linked to maternal behaviors, suggesting a rapid adaptation in the primary auditory cortex.
Scientists at Case Western Reserve University create an electrochemical cell with a stable plasma electrode, allowing for controlled electron transfer and reducing losses. The technology has the potential to improve battery and fuel cell efficiency and enable new applications such as hydrogen production and nanomaterial synthesis.
A new study suggests that Rituximab treatment can lead to significant improvement in CFS symptoms, potentially revealing a new direction for CFS research. The anti-CD20 antibody depletes B-lymphocytes, which are thought to be crucial in the disease's progression.
Astronomers discover how blue stragglers, old stars appearing younger than expected, are created through mass transfer. The study reveals that these stars eat up the mass of their giant-star companion, allowing them to continue burning and living longer.
SMU scientists are collecting water samples in UNHCR camps, analyzing them in the lab, and training workers to test water supplies. The team will develop a worldwide database to identify contaminants and track water quality over time, addressing issues such as iodide and fluoride contamination.
William M. Tierney, Regenstrief Institute president and Indiana University School of Medicine associate dean, will receive the AMIA Morris F. Collen Award for his efforts to advance biomedical and health informatics. He has implemented and studied electronic health record systems globally, including in Africa.
Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is an accurate predictor of colorectal cancer, but it remains inferior to colonoscopy for prevention. Yearly FIT screenings may allow treatment to follow closely on the heels of discovery, but practices with repeat testing over time perform poorly.
Acrylic paints, famous for their fast-drying properties, pose significant challenges in cleaning due to their additive-rich composition. Researchers are exploring ways to rejuvenate these artworks without compromising their integrity.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a new model that simulates the seismic fallout of a giant meteorite strike, showing that the impact's effects are scattered and unfocused, resulting in less severe ground displacement and tsunamis. The model also provides new insights into the surface and interior details of other plan...
The Boston University School of Medicine has been awarded a five-year, $316,875 training grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to investigate inflammatory disorders. The program will provide students with a solid academic background in immunology and multi-disciplinary approaches.
Researchers at Disney Research and Carnegie Mellon University have developed a new side-by-side projection system that enables interactive mobile device interaction. The system allows users to project images from two handheld devices onto the same surface, facilitating communication, gaming, education, and data transfer.
Researchers used mathematical models to assess knee replacement implants and found that older patients or those with multiple conditions may not benefit from incremental gains in implant durability. This highlights the need for personalized approach to medical device development and evaluation.
In the study, men edged out women by 0.11 points on a theoretically perfect score of 5.0, but only excelled with other male raters, highlighting that men's humor prowess is largely driven by social dynamics rather than inherent traits.
Researchers discovered a complex cell mechanism that makes breast cancer cells resistant to radiation treatment. The mechanism is activated by the protein HOXB9, which accelerates DNA repair and increases radiation resistance.
Researchers at the University of Bristol identified a probiotic strain that can thrive in high-iron environments and reduce inflammation associated with IBD. The discovery offers hope for developing novel treatments for active intestinal disease.
Researchers have found that a membrane protein interacts with a single soluble protein to anchor the subunits of light-harvesting complexes in the membrane. The new model proposes the formation of a pore for protein transport, supporting the integration into the membrane.
Scientists have developed two new Bt toxins, Cry1AbMod and Cry1AcMod, to overcome resistance in pest insects. These novel toxins are effective against five resistant species, including the diamondback moth and European corn borer.
Starting HIV therapy two weeks after TB treatment increases survival by 33 percent, according to a recent study. The study suggests that immunosuppressed patients should be started on ART rapidly at two weeks after beginning TB therapy.
Astronomers have discovered a planet-sized object, dubbed WD 0806-661 B, that is as cool as the Earth's surface. This brown dwarf has a mass similar to Jupiter but orbits a white dwarf companion at a vast distance of 2500 AU.
A new study found that low-income women with children who move from high-poverty to lower-poverty neighborhoods experience notable improvements in their health, including reductions in diabetes and extreme obesity. The study suggests that environments in low-income neighborhoods can contribute to poor health.
Researchers have collected rare boninite lava at the West Mata volcano, providing valuable insights into the formation and evolution of subduction zones. The discovery offers a unique opportunity to study the chemical and mineralogical variations of this ancient rock type in a pristine specimen.
Researchers find that people's economic decisions change when survival or reproduction is on their minds. This contradicts the idea of humans making rational choices in finance, suggesting biases developed millions of years ago still affect us today. The study suggests these ancient biases can profoundly alter financial decisions over ...
A new RAND Corporation study found that the US Department of Veterans Affairs provides high-quality mental health care to its veterans, comparable to privately insured and Medicare/Medicaid populations. The study highlights areas for improvement, including increasing evidence-based treatments and addressing regional variations in care.
A new issue of The Counseling Psychologist discusses the contributions of counseling psychologists to disaster research and response. The article highlights the need for a multisystem analysis and response, which counseling psychologists can provide.
Scientists developed a new tool to identify cancerous and healthy brain tissue, allowing for more precise tumor removal and reduced risk of recurrence. The tool, combining an ultrasonic aspirator with a mass spectrometer, proved successful on human brain samples in half the time previously needed.
Researchers developed a ten-point Aggressive Behaviour Risk Assessment Tool (ABRAT) to predict violent hospital patients, with high accuracy rates. The study found that patients over 70 and males were more likely to become violent, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
A balanced amount of spare time is crucial for happiness in a consumer society. Materialistic teenagers with compulsive buying issues need just the right amount of leisure time to feel happier. Moderate time affluence alleviates negative side effects of material values and compulsive buying on adolescent happiness.
The University of Louisville and Frazier Rehab Institute have been awarded a $2.2 million grant to establish a Spinal Cord Injury Model System, which aims to provide comprehensive rehabilitative care and advance research into treating spinal cord injuries. The program will serve the states of Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee.
A study found that amino acid supplements can significantly reduce protein degradation in horse muscles after intense exercise. This could lead to an advantageous effect on muscle mass and improved training efficiency in sport horses.
Researchers found significant amounts of carbon in US streams and rivers, releasing into atmosphere before reaching coastal waters. This discovery could change how scientists model carbon movement among land, water, and atmosphere.
A new brain stimulation technique has been developed that makes real-time adjustments in response to Parkinson's disease dynamics, potentially improving symptoms. The study found that this approach alleviated motor symptoms and reduced abnormal neural activity more efficiently than standard deep brain stimulation.
Andrew J. Dannenberg, M.D., is recognized for his seminal contributions to understanding the inflammation-cancer connection and developing strategies to prevent breast cancer. His work has provided key insights into the role of prostaglandin biology in cancer prevention.
A new UCSF-led study reveals that premature infants exposed to steroids after birth have 10% smaller cerebellar volumes, associated with impaired brain growth and motor development. The findings challenge the American Academy of Pediatrics' policy statement on low-dose glucocorticoids.
A study by Rice University biochemist Michael Stern suggests a possible link between Type 2 diabetes and autism due to impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia. This common underlying mechanism may lead to the development of new treatments for autistic children, including low-carbohydrate diets.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered that OPHN1 plays a crucial role in mediating long-term depression at synapses, a phenomenon linked to cognitive disorders. The study reveals that OPHN1 interacts with EndophilinA2/3 to remove AMPA receptors, leading to persistent removal of receptors and onset of LTD.
Researchers have sequenced the DNA of a potent marijuana strain and compared it to hemp, revealing the genetic differences that lead to marijuana's psychoactive effects. The study found that domestication and breeding of marijuana strains resulted in the loss of an enzyme responsible for producing non-psychoactive compounds.
A new study reveals that the albedo effect plays a crucial role in the climatic significance of forest disturbances, with some cases providing cooling while others magnify concerns about warming. Forests can either act as carbon sinks or sources depending on the disturbance type and severity.
A Durham University-led project has won a £760,000 grant from the Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) to support teachers in using peer tutoring to boost Maths attainment among younger pupils. The project will train teachers and produce materials for 80 schools.
Researchers used a combination of MRI, cerebrospinal fluid, and neuropsychological testing to improve predictive accuracy for near-term dementia conversion. The test results were found to be almost perfect in predicting those who would not develop Alzheimer's disease in three years.