Scientists at the University of Rochester Medical Center have improved upon their previous efforts to isolate stem cells for treating multiple sclerosis and rare childhood diseases. The new method resulted in a four-fold increase in myelin coating, making these cells promising candidates for future clinical trials.
Researchers at the University of Southampton have made a significant breakthrough in understanding Chlamydia trachomatis genetics, enabling the development of new treatments and potentially a vaccine. This breakthrough could lead to improved treatment options for the disease, which is often left untreated due to its asymptomatic nature.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a method to build crystalline materials from nanoparticles and DNA, allowing for the creation of new materials with predictable physical properties. The design rules enable controlled crystallization, resulting in a variety of structures with unique properties.
Researchers found that red-bellied piranhas produce three distinct sounds: a barking noise, a drum-like percussive sound, and a softer 'croaking' sound. The fish's swim bladder vibrates in response to muscle contractions, producing these sounds.
Scientists call for increased awareness, global accounting, and technological innovation to address the potential social consequences of phosphorus scarcity. The element's pivotal role in fertilizer production and its impact on food security are highlighted as key concerns.
A study by Brigham Young University found that materialistic couples score lower on marriage stability and conflict resolution than non-materialistic couples. Couples where both partners are materialistic experience eroding communication and poor conflict resolution.
Archaeologists have discovered a 100,000-year-old ochre toolkit and workshop at Blombos Cave in South Africa. The findings suggest that early humans had the conceptual ability to source, combine, and store substances for social practices, demonstrating an elementary knowledge of chemistry.
A three-step strategy for healthy bones and strong muscles is promoted by the International Osteoporosis Foundation, involving vitamin D intake, adequate calcium and protein in diet, and daily weight-bearing and muscle strengthening exercise. These components work together to optimize bone health and reduce falls and fractures in seniors.
Researchers aim to develop rescue treatments within hours of exposure to toxic gases like mustard gas and chlorine gas. The goal is to prevent or limit progressive damage to airways and skin, as well as clear blockage of airways.
An international research project led by ONR aims to improve long-range weather forecasts and seasonal outlooks by studying the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Indian Ocean. The study will provide valuable insights into climate modeling and refine global climate computer models.
A new study by University of Miami researchers found that binge drinking increases with rising state-level unemployment rates, affecting all population subgroups. Additionally, employed individuals are more likely to experience problematic drinking due to psychological factors like job insecurity.
A new study published in Immunity reveals that preventing necroptosis in keratinocytes is crucial for preventing skin inflammation. The research found that sensitization of keratinocytes to RIP3-mediated cell death triggers skin inflammation, which could be linked to various chronic or acute skin conditions.
A 12-year study found that future forests can grow faster under elevated carbon dioxide levels, outpacing assumptions of reduced growth due to climate change. The increased growth is sustained by enhanced soil nitrogen cycling and a greater ability for trees to absorb nitrogen from the soil.
Post-menopausal women experiencing new onset breast tenderness after starting combination hormone therapy may have an increased risk of breast cancer compared to those without breast tenderness. Higher breast density is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer, with extremely dense breasts posing a four to six times higher risk.
A $9.8 million program led by the University at Buffalo will provide professional development opportunities for 48 teachers in Buffalo Public Schools, focusing on interdisciplinary research and inquiry-based curricula. The goal is to improve teacher retention and student success in science, technology, engineering, and math.
The American Physiological Society's conference highlights the importance of considering sex and gender in cardiovascular health. Research findings show that women accumulate plaque more evenly inside major arteries, making heart disease a significant concern for women.
In a cooperative breeding system, cichlid males who sire offspring defend more effectively against predators and stay closer to the breeding shelter. Subordinate males' helping behavior is linked to direct fitness benefits, including paternity and increased safety.
Researchers developed a brain scan method to quickly test whether drugs increase dopamine levels, alleviating attention deficits in mice with neurofibromatosis type 1. The technique may lead to matching specific treatments to patients with NF1 and attention deficit disorders.
A global team of scientists has identified a natural mutation in Clostridium difficile that causes the bacterium to produce hypervirulent strains resistant to antibiotics, leading to severe bowel infections.
Researchers found that nasal congestion is linked to sensory feedback from airflow, affecting temperature and humidity. Studies suggest using optimal conditions to restore nasal airflow may help alleviate congestion.
Researchers at University of Notre Dame engineer a new way to inhibit allergic reactions by introducing a special molecule that outcompetes allergens for mast cells. This approach prevents allergic reactions from occurring in the first place without suppressing the entire immune system.
A nationwide study of over 17,000 dogs and 6,000 cats found that including commercial dry food in their diet improved oral health compared to home-prepared alternatives. Daily tooth brushing or dental chews also showed significant benefits.
A new study found that patients who visited physical therapists directly had fewer visits and lower overall costs, while maintaining continuity of care. The study analyzed 62,707 episodes of physical therapy and suggested eliminating physician referral requirements for physical therapist services.
A new study proposes using a theory called awareness development to assess employees' responses to situations and help HR departments craft effective workplace violence policies. Most organizations fall into the intellectualization stage, indicating limited awareness of workplace violence issues.
Researchers have discovered that lab-grown embryonic stem cells express the protein Blimp1, which represses differentiation and enables them to form cells of almost any type. This finding could help inform the development of induced pluripotent stem cells, a new type of stem cell derived from adult cells.
A recent study by researchers at USC and other universities found that substantive efforts to repair trust, such as apologies and commitments to reform, are critical in regaining trust. The study showed that nothing beats showing true contrition in winning back trust.
Researchers successfully used induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to treat a mouse model of a rare genetic liver disease. The study demonstrates the potential for iPS cells to be used in human gene therapy to counter pathological effects and promote liver regeneration.
CONRAD will develop and test the safety and effectiveness of a combined contraceptive barrier and HIV-prevention product, supported by a $2 million USAID award. The study aims to provide women with non-hormonal, easy-to-use methods for preventing unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
Researchers have developed a method to grow cardiac muscle cells from human cord blood stem cells, which could lead to new treatment options for patients with damaged hearts. The study found that these cells can be expanded and differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells, overcoming the technical hurdle of deriving cardiac muscle-type...
A Stanford University study demonstrates that indigenous peoples can collect reliable environmental data through training and collaboration with scientists. The researchers trained over 340 villagers in methods of collecting field data, and found that the accuracy of their data was comparable to that of trained scientists.
The Murcian flower has been studied in detail for the first time in nearly a century. Researchers have found that it is critically endangered due to low reproductive success and high mortality rates during the seedling stage. A restoration plan is underway to preserve this unique species.
Researchers have corrected sickle cell disease in adult mice by activating the production of fetal hemoglobin, a protein that reduces the tendency of sickle hemoglobin to change red blood cells. This approach builds upon earlier studies and offers a new target for future therapies.
A Penn State University study analyzed tweets about the H1N1 vaccine to track vaccination rates and attitudes. The research found patterns that correlate vaccination rates with geographic location and sentiment trends over time. This analysis could be used strategically to develop targeted public health initiatives.
A new scheme, 'coherent photon conversion', offers a method for coherent conversion between different photon states using a strong laser field. This approach promises to solve open challenges in optical quantum computation and lead to the development of a nonlinear optical quantum computer.
Researchers discovered three bile acids produced by gut bacteria that influence statin effectiveness in lowering cholesterol. This finding supports the role of the gut microbiome in drug response and metabolism, opening new avenues for targeted therapies and diagnostics.
A Penn team has identified a key connection between genetic risk factors for schizophrenia and altered sound processing in the brain. By studying mice with a mutated dysbindin gene, they found reduced activity in specific nerve cells that control fast brain activity, leading to symptoms of schizophrenia.
The HybridSil Fire/Blast coating is a game-changer for military applications, offering blast- and fire-resistance to various surfaces. It was developed by ONR scientist Dr. Roshdy George S. Barsoum and can be applied like paint, with minimal surface preparation.
Researchers discovered that vitamin D is essential for triggering an effective immune response against tuberculosis, a potentially fatal lung disease. They found that T-cells release a protein called interferon-γ that requires sufficient levels of vitamin D to activate immune cells and kill the bacteria.
Geologists are sounding the alarm on metal shortages, citing a surge in demand for metals in consumer products. The inexorable increase in production and usage of metals such as copper, nickel, and neodymium is putting pressure on supply chains.
Concordia University professors have been awarded Canada Research Chairs for their work in linguistics, gaming, and cancer research. The funding will support the acquisition of new equipment and infrastructure for seven years.
Researchers at NYU have developed a self-replication process using artificial DNA tile motifs, capable of producing complex structures with varying patterns and functions. The breakthrough could lead to the creation of new materials with unique properties.
Researchers at Duke University propose harnessing gold nanoparticles' unique optical properties to flag brain tumors. The team synthesized rod-shaped nanoparticles with varying sizes, which displayed different optical properties and could be tuned to scatter specific light frequencies.
Scientists have sequenced the entire genome of the Black Death, revealing a direct ancestor that causes modern plagues worldwide. The study provides insights into the evolution of human pathogens and historical pandemics.
Researchers found that successful communication in virtual environments requires nonverbal feedback from listening partners, with dynamic avatars improving performance. The study's findings have implications for fields like medical training, urban planning, entertainment, and telecommunication.
The Entomological Foundation recognizes outstanding contributions to integrated pest management, including the ECB Team Award for areawide suppression of the European Corn Borer. The foundation also awards research grants to postdoctoral scientists working on pest insects, such as Christelle Guédot.
A new study suggests that patients with certain types of abdominal pain may benefit more from gallbladder surgery. Researchers found that episodic pain occurring during the evening or at night, lasting less than 24 hours, and having a specific pattern of symptoms can predict improved relief after surgery.
A recent study found that children under 3 with a nasolacrimal duct obstruction are at increased risk for developing amblyopia, with an 8-fold increase compared to the general population. Early treatment is crucial, as poor vision becomes permanent if left untreated.
An expert at the University of Missouri has identified employment resources for adults with autism, including state vocational rehabilitation programs and job seekers' recommendations. These resources aim to improve workplace accommodations and hiring processes, enabling individuals with autism to succeed in the workforce.
A study funded by the Department of Defense aims to understand the long-term effects of traumatic brain injury on soldiers. The researchers hope to develop better treatments for post-traumatic epilepsy and headache, two conditions often occurring together after TBI.
Researchers found most college students using only one or two technology devices to support single activities, such as coursework and communication. Despite being 'heavy multitaskers', they employ self-styled strategies to limit technology use during exam periods.
Pediatric researchers found that higher SNAP benefits were associated with a 15% increase in young children being classified as 'well children'. The benefits protected against major health impacts and supported healthy development. The study highlights the importance of adequate nutrition for early childhood development.
Recent efforts by the US Department of Energy have analyzed remediation technology projects, technical reviews, and communication models to address nuclear waste management. The development of new tools and approaches is crucial to ensure continued safe and secure storage and disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level wastes.
Scientists analyzed polymorphisms in the MIF gene to identify its role against bacterial infections. The study found specific variants that protect against meningitis and increase mortality.
A study found that mothers who took folic acid supplements from 4 weeks before to 8 weeks after conception reported a significantly lower prevalence of severe language delay in their children at age 3. Researchers analyzed data from the Norwegian pregnancy cohort MoBa, which included over 38,000 children.
Researchers at Caltech have directly determined the surface temperature of early Mars for the first time. They found that carbonate minerals formed at about 18 degrees Celsius, consistent with a warmer and wetter Martian past. This finding provides crucial evidence for understanding Mars' history and climate.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a key molecular pathway responsible for the decrease in insulin-producing cells with age. Activating this pathway may lead to a new treatment for diabetes, and recent studies have shown promising results in mice.
The selected studies will evaluate the effectiveness of promising behavioral and medical treatments for core symptoms and associated medical issues in children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Three pilot projects focus on social engagement and language development in non-verbal individuals, while three o...
A massive research project, LIPID MAPS, has identified the complete complement of lipids within cells and gained insight into their role in cellular functions. The new knowledge may have significant implications for understanding diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
A study published in Gut found that specific types of mouth bacteria are associated with pancreatic cancer. The researchers identified two key species - Neisseria elongata and Streptococcus mitis - which were significantly less present in cancer patients' mouths, while Granulicatella adjacens levels were higher.
Scientists discover critical protein NPH3 modifies phototropin 1 based on light conditions, allowing plants to move towards or away from light. The finding has implications for understanding molecular signaling pathways and potential applications in fields beyond agriculture.