A survey of UK medical schools found that physical activity education is sparse or non-existent in their curricula. The authors highlight the importance of promoting physical activity to manage modern non-communicable chronic diseases, citing clinical guidelines that emphasize exercise as a method of treatment.
The Amish population is estimated to be over 251,000, with more than 60% of existing settlements founded since 1990. The community grows rapidly due to high birth rates and limited conversions, leading to predictions of over 1 million Amish and 1,000 settlements by 2050.
A study by the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station found that Georgia's forest land area remained stable over the past 50 years, while timber inventory more than doubled. The majority of commercial timberland is privately owned, with individual or family forests making up a significant portion.
Barefoot running, popularized by Abebe Bikila, is not inherently good or bad; proper training and conditioning are key. However, research suggests that it can increase stress fractures and soreness in the calves, while also risking knee and hip injuries similar to those caused by athletic shoes.
Researchers found fluoxetine to be a potent inhibitor of coxsackievirus replication, reducing viral RNA and protein production. The discovery has significant implications for understanding enterovirus replication and potential clinical utility for future treatment.
Researchers from BUSM found a 49% increase in risk for early onset menarche among women who reported childhood sexual abuse, and a 50% increase in risk for late onset menarche among those with severe physical abuse. This study highlights the complex relationship between child abuse and health outcomes.
A study by the University of South Florida College of Nursing found that Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) substantially reduced PTSD symptoms, including depression and anxiety, after just one to four sessions. The therapy uses eye movements to process traumatic memories, resulting in a significant improvement in symptoms.
The Botanical Society of America (BSA) has launched an open-access journal, Applications in Plant Sciences (APPS), to promote the rapid dissemination of new tools and protocols. APPS will be part of BioOne's Open Access Collection, fostering communication within the botanical community to advance plant sciences.
A study published in Veterinary Record compares the athletic abilities of humans and animals, finding that greyhounds, cheetahs, pronghorn antelope, and other species outrun and outmuscle top athletes. Human adaptations for endurance are impressive, but animals excel in speed, strength, and power.
Researchers identified 38 prognostic subnetworks of interacting genes that predict cancer progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The study helps define how CLL evolves over time, becoming more aggressive and deadly.
The BELLA laser system has delivered a petawatt of power in a pulse just 40 femtoseconds long at a pulse rate of one hertz, a world record for laser performance. This achievement enables the creation of compact particle accelerators and tabletop free electron lasers for investigating materials and biological systems.
A landmark HIV treatment-as-prevention study has found that providing antiretroviral treatment to HIV-infected individuals earlier, when their immune systems are healthier, delays AIDS-related health events such as chronic herpes simplex virus and tuberculosis. Earlier treatment is also cost-effective as it increases survival, prevents...
Researchers developed nano-FTIR, combining s-SNOM and FTIR spectroscopy for nanoscale chemical identification and mapping. The technique offers high sensitivity and resolution, making it a unique tool for polymer chemistry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical industry.
A study in Swaziland found the national rate of new HIV infections to be 2.38%, comparable to the 2009 estimate of 2.66%. The country's high HIV prevalence may have begun to level off, with prevention and treatment programs taking effect.
A new analysis of the HPTN 052 study results shows that early antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a triple winner: improving patient health, protecting partners, and being very cost-effective. The strategy can increase survival, prevent costly opportunistic infections, and avert early transmissions.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital found that longer wakefulness rates hinder task performance in visual search tasks. Participants performed slower during nighttime and after prolonged wakefulness.
University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston researchers have been awarded a $1.25 million NIH grant to develop lab-grown lung tissue models for biomedical studies. These models could provide significant advantages over animal models, including reduced costs and the ability to study human responses more accurately.
The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has awarded five physicians with research grants to promote the advancement of radiation therapy. The Junior Faculty Career Research Training Award and Residents/Fellows in Radiation Oncology Research Seed Grant Award support young researchers in radiation oncology, biology, physics, ...
Higgs excitations have been observed in a two-dimensional quantum gas near absolute zero temperature. The phenomenon, associated with spontaneous symmetry breaking, can lead to coordinated collective motion and is crucial in the Standard Model of Particle Physics.
Theoretical physicist Dima Shepelyansky found that energy flows from large to small scales can be prevented under specific conditions, similar to the way electron currents are stopped in disordered solids. This discovery links chaos theory and turbulence, highlighting a phenomenon where energy threshold plays a crucial role.
A study found that group yoga significantly improved balance in stroke survivors, even after six months post-stroke. The yoga program included modified postures, relaxation, and meditation, and showed clinically meaningful improvements.
Researchers from University of Bonn discover most massive stars form double systems, with over three-quarters orbiting a companion. The study reveals material transfer and merging between stars, challenging previous assumptions about single stars.
Researchers have identified a compound that could prevent damage to the retina in diabetic retinopathy by targeting two important pathways: inflammation and blood vessel weakening. The finding is promising for developing a new therapy.
Researchers found striking similarities between large Martian polygons and deep-sea polygons on Earth, suggesting a common origin. The team believes the Martian polygons were formed in a thick, wet, and weak layer of fine-grained sediments similar to those on Earth, supporting the idea of ancient oceans on Mars.
The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine has awarded $20 million to UCI and StemCells Inc. to advance joint project treating cervical spinal cord injury using human neural stem cells. The funding will support the collection of data necessary to establish human clinical trials in the US.
A UK policy expert warns that the country's welfare reform policies are re-creating conditions that led to the 2007 economic crisis. The critic argues that the dominant political party's emphasis on reducing taxes and rolling back the state will lead to more poverty and economic instability.
A new study associates excess maternal iodine supplementation with congenital hypothyroidism, a condition that can lead to neurocognitive impairments if left untreated. The research highlights the potential hazard of exceeding the safe upper limit for daily iodine ingestion during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Researchers found that breast cancer patients lacking the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (RB) had a better pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A prospective clinical trial has been initiated at the Kimmel Cancer Center to explore this finding further.
A collaborative research project analyzed raw sewage samples from 19 European cities, providing unique insights into illicit drug use patterns. The study found distinct temporal and spatial patterns in drug use across Europe, with cocaine use higher in Western and Central Europe and ecstasy loads highest in Dutch cities.
Two men with longstanding HIV infections have no detectable traces of HIV after bone marrow transplants, suggesting protection under anti-retroviral therapy. Researchers plan to study additional HIV-positive patients and explore tracing HIV in tissues.
A task force report calls for routine osteoporosis testing and medication treatment for all adults over 50 who experience a fracture, with the goal of reducing hip fractures by 20% by 2020. Fracture liaison services have been shown to significantly improve follow-up assessment and treatment, reducing repeat occurrences.
A recent study published in Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals suggests that high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) should continue to be the initial treatment for patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma. The researchers recommend intensive IL-2 therapy as a viable option, either alone or in combination with newer therapeutic agents.
A team of Harvard researchers has found a connection between climate change, ozone depletion, and an increase in skin cancer incidence. The study suggests that climate change may lead to more damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earth's surface, resulting in higher rates of skin cancer. The research also raises concerns abo...
The HPTN 052 study found that early antiretroviral therapy significantly delayed the time to both AIDS and non-AIDS primary events and reduced the overall incidence of clinical events. Immediate ART also decreased the incidence of clinical events likely due to reversal of immune suppression.
A new study suggests that the fin whale population in the Mediterranean Sea is smaller and more limited in distribution than previously estimated. The research highlights the impact of human activity on the species' survival, including collisions with merchant vessels and noise pollution.
Researchers have confirmed the presence of the critically endangered snub-nosed monkey species in China's Yunnan province. The population is estimated to be less than 100 individuals and faces numerous threats due to habitat loss and hunting.
The new SFPV technology allows for the creation of high-quality p-n junctions in semiconductors that are difficult to dope by conventional chemical methods. Researchers demonstrate the effect in configurations using copper oxide and silicon, achieving stable electrically contacted p-n junctions.
Elk and rhinoceros beetles use insulin to grow big horns and attract mates. A study by Michigan State University found that these traits are not handicaps, but rather honest indicators of quality. The research suggests that the males' insulin dependence provides a way for them to show off their strength and suitability as partners.
Researchers develop a technology that tricks the neuromuscular machinery into producing smooth eye movements, allowing individuals with nearly complete limb paralysis to write in cursive. This breakthrough has significant implications for people with ALS and other conditions affecting eye movement control.
Researchers Marco Schmidt and Michael Tomasello found that children as young as 2 years old object to rule-breaking, demonstrating an early understanding of social norms. They also enforce norms only within their own cultural in-group, suggesting a sophisticated calibration of behavior to group identity.
A study published in Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology found that MRSA cases in academic medical centers in the US more than doubled between 2003 and 2008. The researchers estimated hospitalizations increased from 21 out of every 1,000 patients to 42 out of every 1,000, or nearly 1 in 20 inpatients.
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health discovered that beneficial bacteria in the skin play a crucial role in protecting the body from infection. The study found that commensal bacteria work with immune cells to fight off harmful microbes, providing new insights into the importance of skin health and microbiota.
Patients under 35 years old and those without private health insurance are more likely to be overlooked when starting dialysis, according to a recent study. The findings highlight the need to address racial and socioeconomic disparities in kidney transplantation.
A study by Stanford University and the World Bank found that Tanzania has the potential to increase its maize exports due to predicted dry and hot weather affecting major consumer countries. The country's diverse trading partners could help hedge against severe dry weather, allowing it to profit from exports in good years.
A team of researchers has developed a novel method to search gene sequences and identify similar proteins across different kingdoms of life. They found that Actinobacteria, a group of single membrane bacteria, is the last universal common ancestor of all living species.
Scientists have successfully controlled monkey behavior using optogenetics by activating specific brain cells with blue light. This breakthrough could lead to the development of therapeutic treatments for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and depression.
Researchers found that activation of A2b-type adenosine receptor reduces insulin and glucose levels and improves symptoms of high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes. The study identified a novel link between A2bAR and insulin signaling, providing new insights into the regulation of glucose and insulin homeostasis.
The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has named its 2012 class of Fellows, recognizing their significant contributions to the field of radiation oncology. The new Fellows include renowned experts in research, patient care, education, and leadership.
A team of researchers at Michigan State University has identified the secret to the deadly 2011 E. coli outbreak in Germany, attributing its lethality to biofilm formation. By targeting this mechanism, the researchers aim to potentially tame the killer bacteria.
An international research team has developed a new nanocrystallography technique that captures 3D images of biomolecules in action using the Linac Coherence Light Source X-ray laser. This method allows scientists to study molecules at room temperature without radiation damage, enabling the creation of atomic-scale resolution models.
A new compound, JD5037, targets cannabinoid receptors and increases sensitivity to leptin, reducing obesity and improving metabolic health. The findings have implications for the development of new treatments for obesity in humans.
The European Chemical Agency is accused of maladministration by failing to investigate cases where animal testing could be avoided under REACH. PETA claims that ECHA is not taking adequate action to ensure compliance with the regulation's last-resort requirement, resulting in unnecessary animal testing.
The partnership provides enhanced digital access to the official journal of The Transplantation Society, including online archives and mobile devices. Members and individual subscribers can benefit from improved access to critical information on transplantation practices, research, and clinical outcomes.
A University of Colorado study found that roofers who work with hot asphalt have higher levels of DNA damage and potentially higher cancer risk due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. The study suggests that PAH absorption through skin plays a role in this increased risk.
Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine presented data on transoral robotic surgery outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer. The study found significant benefits in progression-free and overall survival rates for both smokers and nonsmokers, suggesting a promising treatment modality.
Physicists at UT Austin have developed the world's smallest semiconductor laser, operating below the 3D diffraction limit. The breakthrough device uses nanolasers to generate optical signals and transmit information, potentially replacing electronic circuits.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved several precedent-setting cancer drugs that offer a glimpse into the future of personalized medicine. Companion diagnostics are being used to identify patients most likely to benefit from medication, enabling targeted treatments.
A new study found that low vitamin D levels are associated with a higher risk of death among older adults, particularly those who are frail. Frail individuals with low vitamin D levels tripled their risk of death compared to those without frailty and higher vitamin D levels.
The National Space Biomedical Research Institute has awarded $100,000 to ACell, Inc. and Enterade USA LLC to develop innovative medical solutions addressing unmet health needs in space and on Earth. The funding will support the commercialization of wound-healing dressings and a radiation-rehydration drink.
A new telephone-based motivational interviewing technique effectively increased treatment engagement among Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans with mental health diagnoses, reducing marijuana use and stigma. The study found that 62% of participants started treatment after receiving the intervention.