Researchers found that metformin reduces the level of glucose and inhibits fatty acid synthesis in mice, resulting in significantly fewer and smaller liver tumors. The drug has been linked to reduced risk of liver cancer in patients with Type II diabetes and obesity.
A phase II study found metformin reduced fasting glucose, insulin levels and body mass index in men with prostate cancer. The medication also appeared to slow the growth rate of prostate cancer in a proportion of men.
Galeterone, a small-molecule oral drug, demonstrated limited side effects and reduced prostate-specific antigen expression in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. The drug's triple mechanism of action showed promise in blocking the growth of prostate cancer cells.
A Phase 1 study demonstrated galeterone's tolerability and efficacy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, with minimal toxicities reported. The study showed significant reductions in tumor size and prostate-specific antigen levels in nearly half of the patients evaluated.
A recent study has found that low oxygen levels in tumors can predict cancer recurrence in men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. The research, led by radiation oncologists at the Princess Margaret Hospital, suggests that these patients are more likely to develop cancer recurrence within a few years of completing treatment.
The European Respiratory Society and ECDC introduce new EU Standards for Tuberculosis Care to bridge gaps in TB case management. The guidelines include recommendations such as drug susceptibility testing and proper isolation protocols to combat multidrug-resistant TB cases.
Researchers identified pazopanib as a clinically meaningful treatment for refractory urothelial cancer. The study found that increases in interleukin-8 levels after treatment predicted a lack of tumor response, with 10% of patients experiencing long-term cure.
A combination of cixutumumab and temsirolimus shrank tumors in some patients with treatment-resistant Ewing's sarcoma or desmoplastic small-round-cell tumors, with two achieving complete responses. The study suggests that managing side effects is vital to maintaining the therapy and slowing disease progression.
A new study reveals a population of intestinal stem cells that respond to damage and prevent cancer, increasing understanding of normal and cancer cell progression in the intestines. The discovery highlights the potential for Lrig1 as a target for treating intestinal and colon cancer.
The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) has made precision measurements of the large-scale structure of the universe five to seven billion years ago. By using a technique called baryon acoustic oscillation, BOSS can determine the distances to faraway galaxies with unprecedented accuracy.
A new study reveals that the number of vertebrate predators and food availability influence epidemic size and host evolution. Daphnia populations evolve increased susceptibility to yeast infection in lakes with fewer resources and high predation.
The declaration warns that humanity is driving the planet into a new epoch, the Anthropocene, where human activities dominate planetary processes. The conference calls for urgent action and proposes new initiatives to promote global sustainability, including a new framework for development goals and a UN Sustainable Development Council.
Scientists found that conditions in the primordial solar system led to the formation of complex organic compounds, including amino acids and nucleobases. The discovery sheds light on the origins of life on Earth.
A new study published in Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions found that middle-of-the-night PCIs do not adversely affect the safety and effectiveness of procedures performed the next day by the same operator. The researchers identified no significant difference in complication rates or outcomes between PCIs performed durin...
The University of Arizona has received a $2 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to develop an innovative magnetic resonance imaging method for measuring pH levels in tumors. This technique aims to personalize cancer treatments, such as baking soda therapy, and predict their effectiveness before treatment begins.
Researchers are developing vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to combat atherosclerosis, targeting the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease. Phase 2a trials for these treatments are underway, with promising results showing reduced inflammation and plaque severity.
Children with asthma by age seven already had significant airflow deficits and increased bronchial responsiveness as neonates, according to a new study. Lung function deficits also progressed throughout childhood in the study, suggesting potential for early intervention.
Typhoon Pakhar is intensifying over the South China Sea, bringing moderate to heavy rainfall of about 35 mm/hr near its southwestern side. Forecasters expect the storm to peak near 80 knots before landfall in Vietnam on April 1, with typhoon-force winds and rough coastal conditions.
Eating commercial baked goods and fast food is linked to a 51% increased risk of developing depression. Those consuming the most fast food have a greater chance of being single, less active, and having poor dieting habits.
Research from North Carolina State University reveals that honey bees increase propolis collection by 45% when infected with harmful fungi, providing a natural antifungal agent to protect their colony. The bees also physically remove infected larvae to prevent fungal spores from spreading.
Mathematical modelling and simulation reveal that extreme species-rich ecosystems are most vulnerable to cascading extinctions in an increasingly variable world. This finding contradicts previous studies suggesting that species-rich ecosystems are more robust.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics named 35 individuals as part of its 2012 Class of Fellows, recognizing their outstanding research in applied mathematics and computational science. The selected fellows are academics and professionals who have made significant contributions to the field.
A team from the University of California, Davis, created an electronic nose that can differentiate maturity of melons, including cantaloupe, in a matter of minutes. The method has the potential to improve produce quality and breeding, benefiting the agricultural industry.
A new study found that lung cancers detected by annual CT screening grow as fast as those found with traditional methods, making early detection more effective. Non-small-cell lung cancer accounted for most cases, and solid nodules required less aggressive diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers have developed a simple technique to teach civilians to break camouflage, with 60% of volunteers achieving proficiency in just two weeks. The Army is using this method to improve its sniping skills, and researchers are studying the brain activity involved.
Researchers have identified a unique population of individuals who experienced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and childhood starvation, which may be at greatest risk of developing long-term heart complications. Cellular changes associated with IUGR and starvation could be targeted to prevent or reverse structural heart changes.
A new CDC study has found a significant association between symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea and probable major depression in US adults. The study, which surveyed 9,714 American adults, found that snorting, gasping, or pauses in breathing during sleep were associated with nearly all depression symptoms.
Researchers have developed a honeycomb pattern of nano-sized magnets that can store computable information and reduce interactions between neighboring magnets by two-thirds. The arrays can be read by measuring their electrical resistance, enabling potential for faster and more efficient computing.
Researchers discovered that corals surviving past heat stress are more likely to adapt in the future. The study suggests coral reefs may be able to withstand rising temperatures in locations with naturally variable water temperatures, benefiting millions of people reliant on coral reefs for sustenance and livelihoods.
Researchers have found a way to detect subtle changes in quantum data, making it harder for hackers to manipulate encoded communication. The new method, called Measurement Device Independent QKD, allows users to verify each other's data, ensuring unconditionally secure encryption.
A new study by Stanford researcher Joseph Garner found that providing laboratory mice with nesting material allows them to naturally regulate their temperatures and builds cozy nests. This results in mice being physiologically comparable to humans, potentially leading to more meaningful research outcomes.
A small study found that online virtual communities can effectively teach patients meditation and relaxation techniques, offering a barrier-free alternative to traditional face-to-face meetings. Participants reported significant reductions in depression- and anxiety-related symptoms and high satisfaction with the virtual environment.
A study by Ruhr-University Bochum and University of Basel reveals that ADHD is often misdiagnosed based on heuristics rather than adhering to recognized diagnostic criteria. The researchers found that boys are substantially more likely to be misdiagnosed compared to girls, with male therapists also tending to give more frequent diagnoses.
Scientists will investigate the role of Myc oncoproteins and a specific mRNA-binding protein, TTP, in controlling tumor growth. The study aims to define mechanisms that could lead to the development of new anti-cancer drugs.
Researchers found that coral-dwelling crabs and snapping shrimp are more effective when fighting together than alone, with a 65% reduction in coral eaten by two pairs of crustaceans compared to one pair. This phenomenon, called the Multiple Defender Effect, highlights the importance of biodiversity in ocean conservation.
A recent NIH study found that women take longer to give birth today compared to 50 years ago, with an average increase of 2.6 hours for first-time mothers. The study suggests that changes in delivery practices, including the increased use of epidural anesthesia and oxytocin, may be contributing to the longer labor duration.
Researchers at Penn have identified a critical role of Nmnat in maintaining healthy nerves and protecting against degeneration. The enzyme helps stabilize mitochondria, which are essential for nerve cell health.
The FASEB MARC Program aims to increase the number and competitiveness of underrepresented minorities engaged in biomedical research. The program has selected Samuel D. Quaynor for a $1,650 travel award at the 2012 ASCI/AAP Joint Meeting.
The discovery of a partial foot skeleton from the Burtele hominin species has provided new insights into human evolution. The fossil's characteristics suggest that it was adept at moving around in trees and grasping items with ease. This finding adds complexity to our understanding of locomotion in human evolution.
Researchers from the University of Leeds and international teams studied magma chambers on mid-ocean ridges, revealing new information about their location and behavior. The findings can help scientists identify early warning signs of impending eruptions, which is crucial for predicting large volcanic events.
Researchers observed a split personality in dense suspensions as they formed droplets. Despite high viscosity, the particles' interactions with the liquid led to a non-viscous behavior, challenging conventional understanding of drop formation.
A new study suggests that estrogen reduces the activity of a protective lipid pathway, leading to slower wound healing in women. The research provides new clues for treating inflammatory diseases such as dry eye disease and scleroderma.
A recent study published in Nutrition Journal found that 74% of registered dietitians use dietary supplements regularly, while 22% use them occasionally. The majority (97%) recommend dietary supplements to their clients, citing bone health and overall wellness as top reasons.
Researchers from the University of Utah School have discovered that IFITM3 contributes to the body's defense against viral infections. The protein plays a critical role in the structural stability and function of vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase), which regulates cellular waste disposal and pH levels.
Researchers attribute decline of Caribbean coral reefs to historical land clearing and overfishing, not climate change. The study used novel excavation techniques to reconstruct the timeline of historical change in coral reefs, finding damage from these activities occurred decades before climate-related damage.
SMU's David Blackwell presented on nationwide geothermal energy opportunities, highlighting unconventional techniques as a game changer for US energy policy. The presentation revealed vast geothermal resources across the US, accessible via current technology, and demonstrated synergy with the oil and gas industry.
Researchers have identified hypervelocity planets and stars that are ejected from the Milky Way at millions of miles per hour due to their close interaction with a massive black hole. The study suggests that these high-speed objects can provide valuable insights into planetary formation and evolution near the central black hole.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a new iron-based material that can separate saturated hydrocarbons from unsaturated gases at high temperatures, eliminating the need for chilling. This breakthrough could lead to significant energy savings in the chemical industry, particularly in the production of plastics and fuels.
A new study by A*STAR scientists reveals that the protein TRIM28 plays a crucial role in preserving epigenetic marks during nuclear reprogramming, ensuring proper development of the embryo. The absence of TRIM28 leads to severe developmental defects and multiple pregnancy failures.
MIRI, the Mid-Infrared Instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope, offers unparalleled capabilities for studying distant galaxies, star formation, and planetary systems. Its spectrometer and camera enable scientists to analyze an object's physical properties and image its shape and structure.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute created compounds that dramatically alter the biological clock, resulting in weight loss and improved metabolic markers in diet-induced obese mice. The study suggests potential effectiveness in treating obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, and sleep disorders.
Researchers found depression rates were similar among stroke and TIA survivors, with 17.9% of stroke patients and 14.4% of TIA patients experiencing depression at 3 months post-hospitalization. Persistent depression was common, affecting nearly 70% of stroke and TIA patients.
Harold H. Kung's analysis finds Investment Tax Credit to be more attractive for consumers and investors due to lower electricity prices and faster returns on investment. The study aimed to mitigate the high capital cost of wind power, benefiting both parties.
A new breast cancer susceptibility gene, XRCC2, has been discovered by researchers at the University of Utah Health. The study found that mutations in this gene increase breast cancer risk, providing a new target for chemotherapy and improving diagnostic accuracy.
A recent study found that depression is common among stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients, with nearly two-thirds of them not receiving treatment. The study suggests that brain injury and vascular risk factors may contribute to the development of depression in these patients.
Researchers identified the genetic basis of a mutation in sunflowers that results in double-flowered varieties depicted by Van Gogh. The study found a single dominant gene responsible for creating the mutation, which disrupts the production of ray florets.
A study found that patients with inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal disorders receive significant doses of diagnostic radiation. Alternative, radiation-free imaging options are available, but evidence-based guidelines on reducing radiation exposure are still needed.
Two studies found that neonicotinoid insecticides harm bumblebees by reducing food intake and queen production, while impairing honeybees' homing abilities, leading to increased mortality. The pesticides can also interfere with bees' behavior, posing a threat to pollination.
A recent study published by The Endocrine Society reveals that heavier female babies are more likely to develop diabetes and related metabolic risks when they grow up compared to their male counterparts. The study found a significant association between birth weight and body fat distribution in early childhood with future metabolic ris...
Researchers at UCLA have developed a method to store electrical energy as chemical energy in higher alcohols, which can be used as liquid transportation fuels. They genetically engineered a microorganism to produce isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol using carbon dioxide and electricity.