A recent study found that dengue virus infection triggers changes in the activity of genes and functions of mosquito salivary glands, which may lead to greater virus transmission. The researchers also identified three salivary gland genes that modulate dengue virus infection and two olfactory genes that help control mosquito behavior.
Researchers have developed a simple and effective approach to reduce the threshold voltage of pentacene thin film transistors, while maintaining high mobility. By inserting a thin metal phthalocyanine interlayer, they achieved significant performance enhancement, including reduced threshold voltage and increased carrier mobility.
A national team of scientists has created the first atlas of the human brain surface based on genetic information, revealing distinct genetic divisions that differ from traditional brain maps. This atlas provides a new tool for understanding how genes influence brain development and function.
Researchers have discovered a way to separate the beneficial and detrimental effects of rapamycin on aging and disease, specifically targeting mTORC1 protein complexes. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new therapies that combat age-related diseases without causing insulin resistance or diabetes.
Incidence of HPV-associated head and neck cancer increased among middle-aged white men, while Non-Hispanic Blacks experienced a decline. The study suggests incorporating HPV tumor status into treatment decisions to improve prognosis and survival for head and neck cancer patients.
Researchers found that clear-cut logging significantly increases the risk of avalanches penetrating into forest cover. The study provides new methods and data to predict runout distances and assess risks to facilities below avalanche terrain. This knowledge is crucial for land-use planning and management of resources.
Bahram Mobasher has received a two-year grant from NASA to compile imaging observations of galaxy surveys taken by the Hubble Space Telescope since 2002. The project aims to provide multi-wavelength data for measuring physical properties of galaxies and studying their formation and evolution.
Scientists at the University of Liverpool have developed a method to detect proteins associated with longevity, finding that certain proteins evolve in non-random ways in long-lived species. This suggests that these species have optimised pathways for repairing molecular damage, which could help develop anti-ageing interventions.
Dr. Beatrice Mintz has made significant contributions to cancer research, including her work on developmental biology and genetics. Her groundbreaking studies have helped shape our understanding of stem cell behavior and the tumor microenvironment.
A Montana State University study found that population densities around some US national parks rose 2,000-3,100% between 1940 and 2000, while housing densities grew 11-13.6%. The study also identified unique challenges for each of the five land-use category categories, including wildland-protected and urban parks.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute successfully generated artificial thymus tissue in mouse embryo, discovering key signalling molecules controlling T cell maturation. The discovery represents a crucial step towards producing artificial thymus glands that could be used to replace or augment damaged organs.
Tropical Storm Pakhar strengthened rapidly, with maximum sustained winds increasing from 35 knots to 60 knots in 12 hours. The storm is expected to make landfall in central Vietnam on March 31, bringing rough surf, gusty winds, and heavy rainfall.
Researchers from the University of Southampton and Cambridge have made breakthroughs in understanding phase change memory materials under rapid heating conditions. Crystal growth rates are found to be faster than previously thought, with implications for improving memory performance and reducing energy consumption.
Arizona State University's Global Institute of Sustainability will develop and deploy solutions to sustainability challenges, including energy and climate change. The $27.5 million Walton investment will support four strategies to educate future leaders in sustainability.
Researchers reveal a genetic mutation behind the distinctive double-flowered sunflowers depicted in Van Gogh's paintings, which has been hidden for over a century. The study identifies a disrupted gene responsible for creating the mutated trait.
A new study by Gordon Gauchat found that conservatives' trust in science declined by over 25% between 1974 and 2010, while moderate and liberal Americans remained stable. The study also revealed a tension between religion and science among conservatives.
Researchers used neutron scattering to observe zero-sound oscillations in a fermion liquid, which could be a mechanism for high-temperature superconductivity. The discovery reveals new density waves with atomic wavelength in the helium fluid, differing from previous findings in bulk liquids.
US cancer death rates have declined between 2004 and 2008, with a decrease in cancer diagnoses for men and women. The rate of new cancer diagnoses decreased an average of less than one percent per year, while death rates from all cancers continued to fall.
Scientists developed a more efficient version of a 2-in-1 device that harnesses bacteria in municipal sewage to generate electricity and clean the sewage. The device can process five times more sewage six times more efficiently at half the cost of its predecessors.
A study of Afghan DNA reveals a shared genetic heritage with a common ancestral population emerging during the Neolithic revolution. The analysis indicates that early civilizations in the region contributed to the unique genetic diversity of Afghans, shaped by migrations and invasions.
Researchers have identified a genetic signature for regulation of IL-13, a key immune hormone involved in allergic reactions. MicroRNA miR-375 is regulated by IL-13 and plays a role in asthma and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a severe food allergy.
PLoS Currents: Disasters is a new publication channel for sharing research and operational analyses on disasters. It supports timely publishing and revision-friendly article formats.
A study found that paramedics can identify stroke patients with a 99.3% accuracy rate, making it a reliable indicator to activate the hospital's stroke team. However, sensitivity rates are lower, indicating room for improvement in reducing time to treatment for acute stroke patients.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that sleep disturbances significantly impair the overnight improvement and plateau performance of motor tasks in patients with sleep apnea. The authors concluded that optimal memory consolidation requires continuous sleep, independent of the total amount of sleep.
The University of Liverpool is leading a EUR 8 million European project, SATIN, to develop and test new food products with satiating qualities to help control appetite and manage weight. The project aims to create foods that fill people up quicker and for longer, while maintaining a healthy balanced diet.
A study published in the British Food Journal found that US consumers have a better understanding of dietary fats than French counterparts, which contradicts the notion that nutritional information encourages healthy eating habits. Researchers suggest that detailed nutritional knowledge may not be the key to healthy eating.
A new blood test has been developed to detect breast cancer recurrence up to 11-12 months before current tests, using a combination of biomarkers and mass spectrometry. The test shows promise for improving therapy outcomes by enabling earlier detection and treatment.
A new point-of-care genetic test identifies CYP2C19*2 allele, a common variant associated with increased risk of major adverse events. The test enables personalized dual antiplatelet treatment, reducing complications and improving outcomes for patients after coronary interventions.
A new study from Harvard School of Public Health found that the largest hospital-based pay-for-performance program in the US did not improve 30-day mortality rates for patients with acute conditions. Non-Premier hospitals showed similar outcomes to poor-performing Premier hospitals, suggesting that incentives may need to be adjusted.
The study's addition of genetic data provides a major new dimension for research, combining genetic background with data on older people's lives. Researchers will be able to describe behavioral and environmental risk factors for disease and disability.
The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia provides comprehensive genetic and molecular information for nearly 1,000 human cancer cell lines. This publicly available data may help researchers identify patients who could benefit from specific drugs and advance cancer research.
Researchers found that a 1% concentration of fish oil in savory-flavored yogurt can provide more than the recommended daily intake of n-3 fatty acids. The studies demonstrated high acceptance and flavor preference among nutritionally motivated consumers, suggesting a potential market for such products.
Scientific discoveries reveal flavonoids in dark chocolate may reduce stress hormones, lower blood pressure, and even prevent colon cancer. Researchers also explore the role of proteins and peptides in flavor development and potential benefits for cardiovascular health.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that liver cancer patients are less likely to die or become too sick for a transplant while waiting on the list compared to non-HCC candidates. The study suggests re-examining the prioritization criteria used to determine waitlist placement.
Researchers have designed a new treatment approach that appears to halt the spread of cancer cells into normal brain tissue in animal models. The results show that imipramine blue stops tumor invasion and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy.
A study published in Journal of Biological Chemistry reveals that protein survivin can prevent normal cell death when located outside the nucleus, but not inside. Researchers suggest measuring overall levels and locations of proteins like HDAC6 could provide new leads for investigating breast cancer.
The centre aims to understand genetic and environmental causes of common diseases in diverse ethnic groups. It will provide innovative training for the next generation of health researchers.
A Finnish study found that the Pandemrix vaccine used during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic was associated with a significant increase in childhood narcolepsy. The vaccine's AS03 adjuvant was linked to an abrupt rise in incidence rates, especially among vaccinated children under 19.
A CCNY professor is evaluating MabCure Inc.'s monoclonal antibodies as a potential diagnostic reagent for ovarian cancer. The goal is to develop an early detection test that could improve the 94% five-year survival rate of the disease.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes discover p75NTR's role in controlling glucose metabolism, finding that blocking this receptor enhances insulin's effectiveness. This breakthrough may lead to new therapies for Type 2 diabetes, a global health problem affecting over 20 million Americans.
A new study published in The Lancet analyzed cancer death rates across India and found that oral, stomach, and lung cancers are major causes of death in men, while cervical, stomach, and breast cancers cause the most deaths among women. The study also highlighted significant geographical and social variations in cancer mortality rates.
A team led by Ralph Brinster at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine has successfully preserved spermatogonial stem cells in mice for over a decade, demonstrating their viability and ability to produce healthy offspring. The study provides promising evidence for a potential fertility treatment in humans, address...
Shrimp fishermen are assisting biologist Kai Wätjen in monitoring rare fish species in the North Sea. They are using cameras to document catches and a data logger to record water temperature and depth information.
Research from North Carolina State University finds that broadening circle hook requirements could decrease catch rates for yellowfin tuna and other non-billfish species. Circle hooks were only 60-70% as effective as J hooks in catching these species, making them less suitable for offshore anglers.
A standard food test may fail to detect milk proteins that cause a common childhood allergy, leading to itchy skin and other symptoms. The test's limitations could be improved to better protect consumers with milk allergies.
Autism has more than tripled in cost since 2006, reaching $126 billion in the US and £34 billion in the UK. The lifetime costs of caring for individuals with autism affected by intellectual disability are significantly higher, up to $2.3 million in the US and £1.5 million in the UK.
The iDEAL study is a Phase II clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of iCo-007 in treating diabetic macular edema. The trial aims to improve visual acuity in patients with DME, a leading cause of blindness in working Americans.
European butterflies are under threat, with 10% facing extinction, due to habitat loss and poor management. A new publication provides practical guidelines for managing habitats in a sustainable way, supporting biodiversity and human survival.
The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia offers a comprehensive resource for cancer research, integrating gene expression, chromosomal copy number, and pharmacological profiles. This will enable researchers to predict drug sensitivity and improve the success rate of drug development in personalized medicine.
The University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute has received a $1.8 million grant to expand a program encouraging Native middle-school students to pursue science and technology careers. The PREPARES project will provide professional development and mentoring to educators, enabling them to incorporate climate research into thei...
Researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center explored strategies to protect young children's brains from anesthesia damage. Three tested treatments - NAP, vitamin D3, and low-level ketamine - showed promise in preventing brain injury.
Kyung J. Cho, Dimitris Kelekis and Louis G. Martin received the SIR Gold Medal for their contributions to advancing the quality of medicine and patient care in interventional radiology. They are recognized for their clinical work, research and education contributions.
A genome-wide association study reveals eight genetic variants linked to podoconiosis, a painful inflammation of the lower extremities caused by volcanic dust exposure. Wearing shoes can prevent the disease, and those with the gene variants are up to 3 times more likely to become affected.
The IMEx Consortium provides a single interface for querying experimental interaction data, making it easier to understand an organism's interactome. With over 100 million curated binary pairs, scientists can identify supported protein interactions and compare new results with publicly available data.
The discovery of a 3.4 million-year-old foot fossil in Ethiopia confirms the coexistence of two human ancestor species with different locomotion methods. The analysis suggests that more than one species existed between 3 and 4 million years ago, challenging previous assumptions about human evolution.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE suggests that learning a new language can improve with time off. Adult subjects who took a break after high proficiency showed no decline in abilities and even processed the language more naturally. This unexpected result may be attributed to the brain's ability to reorganize and adapt.
American researchers conclude that prospective magnetic fusion power systems would pose a much lower risk of being used for the production of weapon-usable materials. The study found that with IAEA safeguards, there is little risk of fissile materials being produced for weapons.
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis who discontinue statin therapy are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other causes. A population-based study found that RA patients should be advised to maintain medication compliance to reduce mortality risk.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology found that UV photographs can predict melanoma risk factors in 12-year-olds. The study's results suggest that primary care physicians can use UV photography to provide better sun protection counseling, potentially preventing melanoma cases.
A new report provides crucial information on how to conserve European butterfly species listed on the EU Habitats Directive. The guidelines include detailed accounts of each species' habitat requirements and food-plants, as well as dos and don'ts in managing their habitats.