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Science News Archive 2012 - Page 168


Page 168 of 333

Study suggests poor mothers favor daughters

A Michigan State University study found that poor mothers produce fattier milk for their daughters than sons, supporting a 1973 hypothesis. In contrast, wealthy mothers prefer to invest resources in sons who are more likely to increase their status through marriage.

SourceMichigan State University·JournalAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropology·DateJun 21, 2012

Extensive water in Mars' interior

Recent research analyzed two Martian meteorites from within the Red Planet's interior, revealing a vast amount of water similar to Earth's. This discovery raises the possibility that Mars could have sustained life and suggests volcanoes as the primary vehicle for getting water to the surface.

Surgical 'sling' reduces risk of weakened bladder control after prolapse surgery, U-M study says

Researchers at the University of Michigan Health System found that patients who receive a mid-urethral sling during prolapse repair have less than half the risk of urinary incontinence. The study suggests that inserting a sling during surgery can significantly reduce urine leakage, but also increases the risk of certain side effects.

SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateJun 21, 2012

For our guts, not just any microbiome will do

A recent study found that mice carrying a set of friendly microbes fail to develop a proper immune system, highlighting the importance of host-specific microbiota. The researchers suggest that a coevolved relationship between humans and their gut microbiome may be compromised by modern lifestyle factors.

SourceCell Press·JournalCell·DateJun 21, 2012

Nano-infused paint can detect strain

A new type of paint made with carbon nanotubes can help detect strain in buildings, bridges, and airplanes. This method provides a big advantage over conventional strain gauges, which must be physically connected to their read-out devices.

SourceRice University·JournalNano Letters·DateJun 21, 2012

Selenium suppresses staph on implant material

Researchers at Brown University found that selenium nanoparticles can reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on implant materials by up to 90%. The coating is more effective than current silver-based alternatives, which are less biocompatible and expensive.

SourceBrown University·JournalJournal of Biomedical Materials Research·DateJun 21, 2012

Study examines use of a natural language processing tool for electronic health records in assessing colonoscopy quality

A new study demonstrates the potential of natural language processing (NLP) to measure performance on colonoscopy quality measures. The NLP-based computer software application efficiently analyzed a large sample of colonoscopy reports, revealing clear variation in performance even within a highly regarded academic health care system.

SourceAmerican Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy·JournalGastrointestinal Endoscopy·DateJun 21, 2012

Climate drilling in the Arctic Circle

Researchers have extracted a sediment core from Lake El'gygytgyn in Siberia, revealing temperatures previously thought impossible for the Arctic Circle. The findings suggest a correlation between warm periods in the Arctic and large melting events in Antarctica, indicating previously unknown interactions between the Polar Regions.

SourceHelmholtz Association·JournalScience·DateJun 21, 2012

Exercise program improved health of lung transplant patients and cut cardiovascular risk

A three-month exercise program significantly improved lung transplant patients' health-related quality of life and reduced their risk of cardiovascular problems. The study found that patients who exercised had higher quadriceps muscle force, longer walking distances, and better physical functioning compared to those in the control group.

SourceWiley·JournalAmerican Journal of Transplantation·DateJun 21, 2012

Blood test for pregnant women could predict risk of having dangerously small babies

Researchers at The Ottawa Hospital have found a protein in the blood of pregnant women that can predict if they are likely to have a fetus with growth restrictions, leading to stillbirth and long-term health complications. A widely available blood test could help develop ways to improve outcomes for women and their children.

SourceThe Ottawa Hospital·JournalThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·DateJun 21, 2012

Bringing down the cost of fuel cells

Engineers at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee have developed a catalyst that provides similar efficiency to platinum in microbial fuel cells but at 5% of the cost. The material, nitrogen-enriched iron-carbon nanorods, has potential for replacing platinum catalysts in hydrogen-producing microbial electrolysis cells.

SourceUniversity of Wisconsin - Milwaukee·JournalNano Energy·DateJun 21, 2012

Top predators key to extinctions as planet warms

Research suggests that top predators play a crucial role in extinction risk, as they can amplify the effects of climate change on other species. Studying these biotic multipliers and their interactions with other species is essential to improve predictions of climate change impacts.

SourceYale University·JournalScience·DateJun 21, 2012

Study shows stagnating life expectancies in US

A new study by Rice University and the University of Colorado at Boulder found that US life expectancy has stagnated over the past century, with the poorest citizens living approximately five years less than more affluent persons. The study also found that despite moderate gains in coming years, the US still trails its developed counte...

SourceRice University·JournalSocial Science Quarterly·DateJun 21, 2012

How cheetahs outpace greyhounds

Researchers found cheetahs' longer strides and faster stride frequencies allow them to reach high speeds, while greyhounds maintain a constant stride rate. The study suggests wild cheetahs may be able to outstrip their captive cousins due to biomechanical differences.

SourceThe Company of Biologists·JournalJournal of Experimental Biology·DateJun 21, 2012

Our microbes, ourselves

A new study reports that human microbes have coevolved with humans, forming unique partnerships essential for our immune system. The findings suggest that modern hygiene and antibiotics may be contributing to the rise of autoimmune disorders by erasing these beneficial bacteria.

SourceHarvard Medical School·JournalCell·DateJun 21, 2012