Preventing cellular aging and aging-related degenerative diseases
DNA damage drives aging by activating NF-κB, a transcription factor that responds to cellular stress; inhibiting NF-κB reduces oxidative stress and senescence in mice.
Science News Archive 2012 - Page 172
Browse by Month - 2012
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BaBar data hint at cracks in the Standard Model
Recent BaBar experiment data suggest a potential flaw in the Standard Model, with a particular type of particle decay happening more often than predicted. The results are intriguing but require replication and further investigation to confirm or rule out an actual discovery.
Researchers search for viruses to save honeybees
Researchers at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas have identified three viruses that target the bacteria causing American Foulbrood Disease in honeybees. The discovery offers hope for a new treatment to replace current methods that involve burning infected hives and could help save millions of bees.
New 'OPEC' offers sustainable smell of sweet success
Researchers have developed a sustainable method to convert orange peels into valuable chemicals and materials, including fragrances, water purification, and biofuels. This innovation has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create a zero-waste biorefinery.
Cheaper drug could lead to serious eye issues
A recent Queen's University study found that the cheaper drug for treating wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) has a higher risk of causing eye inflammation and vision loss. The research indicates that patients receiving the cheaper drug had a 12 times higher risk of serious eye issues, emphasizing the need for caution in its use.
New method generates cardiac muscle patches from stem cells
Researchers at Michigan Medicine developed a new method to generate cardiac muscle patches from stem cells, which can mimic the heart's crucial squeezing action. The engineered cells displayed activity similar to most people's resting heart rate and could potentially be used to help 2.5 million people with arrhythmia.
Reflected infrared light unveils never-before-seen details of Renaissance paintings
Researchers develop Thermal Quasi-Reflectography (TQR) system, capturing features not visible with current imaging techniques. The TQR system revealed hidden details in famous artworks, including the Zavattari frescos and 'The Resurrection' by Piero della Francesca.
Annals of Internal Medicine tip sheet for June 19, 2012, online issue
A recent study found that Alzheimer's patients who undergo hospitalization are at risk for complications such as delirium, loss of independence, and death. Researchers also highlighted the risks associated with Flavocoxid, a medical food used to treat osteoarthritis, which can cause liver injury in some patients. Additionally, screenin...
Yankee fans keep enemy Red Sox closer, NYU study shows
Researchers found that Yankees fans estimated Fenway Park as closer to Yankee Stadium than Camden Yards, while non-Yankee fans accurately perceived the actual distance. This suggests that social categorization and identity threat play a role in shaping our representations of physical distances.
Anti-cocaine vaccine described in Human Gene Therapy Journal
Researchers developed a single-dose vaccine that produces an antibody capable of binding to cocaine, preventing its entry into the brain. The vaccinated mice showed no effects from intravenous cocaine exposure, highlighting a potential novel approach to treating cocaine addiction.
Minimally invasive approach to weight-loss surgery reduces complications, Stanford study shows
A Stanford University Medical Center study found that minimally invasive weight-loss surgery is safer and more effective than open surgery, with lower mortality rates, complication rates, and hospital stays. The study examined 156,271 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass cases and confirmed the superiority of minimally invasive techniques.
Scientists reconstruct pre-Columbian human effects on the Amazon Basin
Researchers found that pre-Columbian human effects on the Amazon Basin were limited to small, mobile populations with minimal impact on the forest. The study overturns previous assumptions about large human settlements and agricultural practices in the region.
University of Maryland researchers detail 2010 Haitian cholera
A study published in PNAS found two distinct strains of Vibrio cholerae bacteria that may have contributed to the 2010 Haitian cholera outbreak. The genomic diversity of Haitian isolates revealed significant complexity and relationship to past epidemics.
SourceUniversity of Maryland Medical Center·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 18, 2012
UCLA scientists discover how key enzyme involved in aging, cancer assembles
Researchers have discovered how a key protein assembles telomerase, an enzyme crucial for preventing DNA degradation and cancer cell proliferation. The study sheds new light on the telomerase enzyme's structure and function, which may help predict its behavior in humans and other organisms.
Children, brain development and the criminal law
Research suggests that early adversity can result in altered brain connectivity and functions, leading to increased impulsivity and risk-taking behaviors. This can be particularly concerning for young offenders who have experienced traumatic childhoods or traumatic brain injuries.
Risk of alcohol abuse may increase after bariatric surgery
A study found that bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, increases the risk of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in patients. The prevalence of AUD symptoms was higher in the second postoperative year compared to before and after surgery.
Research breakthrough: High brain integration underlies winning performances
Researchers found that world-class performers had higher brain integration scores compared to average controls. They also experienced peak experiences characterized by happiness, inner calm, and a sense of perfection.
Univ. of Miami to lead team on grant for drought, flood prediction
A two-year grant from NOAA, NASA, NSF, and DOE will help the University of Miami improve seasonal climate predictions for severe floods or droughts in South Florida. The team aims to establish a comprehensive multi-model prediction system available in real-time to all sectors.
Weight-loss surgery increases alcohol use disorders over time
A study found that adults who underwent weight-loss surgery had a significantly higher risk of developing alcohol use disorders two years after surgery. The study, which followed 1,945 participants, found that the risk was highest among those who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
Robots get a feel for the world at USC Viterbi
Researchers at USC Viterbi School of Engineering have created a robot equipped with a tactile sensor capable of identifying natural materials by touch. The robot outperforms humans in identifying textures, enabling potential applications in prostheses and consumer product testing.
Study examines chronic inflammation in oral cavity and HPV status of head and neck cancers
A study found that patients with oral cavity tumors positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) had significantly higher levels of chronic inflammation in the mouth compared to those without HPV. The authors suggest that preventing or treating sources of oral inflammation may be a simple way to reduce the risk of oral HPV infection.
Study improves understanding of surface molecules in controlling size of gold nanoparticles
The researchers found that larger ligands produce smaller gold nanoparticles and that each type of ligand produces nanoparticles in a particular array of discrete sizes. This discovery advances the understanding of nanoparticle formation and provides a new tool for controlling the size and characteristics of gold nanoparticles.
UC Santa Cruz researchers find increase in Lyme disease mirrors drop in red fox numbers
UC Santa Cruz researchers suggest that Lyme disease has increased across northeastern and midwestern US over past three decades, contrary to stabilizing deer populations. Red fox declines are attributed to coyote growth, leading to smaller animal populations that serve as ticks' hosts.
SourceUniversity of California - Santa Cruz·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 18, 2012
Social-class discrimination contributes to poorer health
A new study published in Psychological Science reveals that social-class discrimination can contribute to poorer health in teenagers. The study found that perceived discrimination is a significant factor in explaining the negative influence of poverty on health, with stress and negative stereotypes playing key roles.
Study indicates promise in Huntington's treatment
A new study suggests that Coenzyme Q10 reduces oxidative damage in patients with Huntington's disease, hinting at its potential to slow progression. The discovery also identifies a new biomarker, 80HdG, which could be used to screen experimental treatments for this and other neurological disorders.
Advanced Photon Source and Canadian Light Source strengthen ties
The partnership will expand X-ray technology and research capabilities, enabling scientists to solve pressing global problems. Scientists from the two facilities will work together on R&D projects to improve light-source technology and upgrade beamlines.
Study suggests link between smoking, increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
A meta-analysis and review of medical literature found a clear association between smoking and an increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The study, which included data from 11 countries, showed a 52% significant increase in odds for current or ever smokers.
Study: Seeping Arctic methane has serious implications for Florida coastline
A new study published in Nature Geoscience reveals that Arctic methane seepage is linked to melting ice caps, causing climate warming and sea level rise. This phenomenon could lead to significant shoreline retreat and erosion along the Florida coastline, posing a serious threat to coastal residents and infrastructure.
Bioinformatics experts at the CNIO explore additional coding potential hidden in the human genome
Researchers at CNIO discover chimeric RNA, which combines information from multiple genes, and identify 175 transcripts and 12 new proteins. The study challenges the classical vision of genome storage and raises questions about the function and importance of this process.
Psychological distress increases risk of death from stroke
A recent study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found a strong association between psychological distress and an increased risk of death from stroke. The research, which analyzed data from over 68,000 participants, suggests that questionnaires could be useful screening tools for common mental illnesses to help redu...
SourceCanadian Medical Association Journal·JournalCanadian Medical Association Journal·DateJun 18, 2012
Black holes as particle detectors
Researchers suggest that axions, hypothetical particles with low mass, could accumulate around black holes and emit gravity waves. This process could be measured using existing detectors, providing insights into astronomy and potentially revealing new particle types.
Canadian teen moms run higher risk of abuse, depression than older mothers
A University of Alberta researcher analyzed data from over 6,400 new mothers to find that teens are more likely to experience physical abuse and postpartum depression. The study highlights the need for screening for depression and violence among pregnant women, particularly teens.
Experts recommend men at risk for osteoporosis undergo bone density testing
The Endocrine Society has released new clinical practice guidelines for managing osteoporosis in men, highlighting the importance of bone density testing for those at risk. The guidelines estimate that one in five men aged 50 will experience an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime, with mortality rates higher in men than women.
SourceThe Endocrine Society·JournalThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·DateJun 18, 2012
Loneliness linked to serious health problems and death among elderly
A recent study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that loneliness is independently associated with an increased rate of death and functional decline. Older adults who identified themselves as lonely had a 59% greater risk of decline, and a 45% greater risk of death compared to those who did not experience loneliness.
SourceUniversity of California - San Francisco·JournalArchives of Internal Medicine·DateJun 18, 2012
Key part of plants' rapid response system revealed
Researchers have identified a family of enzymes that attach amino acids to hormone molecules, turning them on or off. This discovery sheds light on the rapid response system in plants, allowing them to adjust to environmental stresses and defend against pathogens.
Too much salt may damage blood vessels and lead to high blood pressure
A study found that a high-salt diet can damage blood vessels, increasing the risk of developing hypertension. Researchers analyzed data from over 5,500 men and women and found that those consuming the most sodium were 21-86% more likely to develop high blood pressure.
This is your brain on no self-control
A University of Iowa study using fMRI images shows the anterior cingulate cortex fires with equal intensity during self-control tasks, while the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex fires less intensely after prior exertion. This depletion can lead to impulsive decisions, making therapies that focus on implementation stages more effective.
Study links loneliness in older individuals to functional decline, death
A study published by JAMA Network found that loneliness in older adults is associated with increased risk of functional decline and death. The research, which examined 1,604 participants, revealed that feeling lonely was linked to higher mortality rates and difficulties with daily activities.
Grant program to spur new research on Alzheimer's disease by encouraging collaboration
The Collaborative Research Awards Program in Alzheimer's Disease will support interdisciplinary basic and translational research projects. This program aims to spur creative approaches that advance the care of those with Alzheimer's disease by fostering collaboration across disciplines.
Clues to nervous system evolution found in nerve-less sponge
Researchers found uncoordinated gene expression in sponges, suggesting a mechanism for the evolution of neural synapses may be more ancient than thought. The study sheds light on the origins of the nervous system and its development in different animal species.
SourceUniversity of California - Santa Barbara·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 18, 2012
NASA reveals heaviest rainfall in Tropical Storm Talim's southwestern side
Tropical Storm Talim is experiencing its heaviest rainfall in the south and western quadrants, with some areas reaching Vietnam. The storm is expected to strengthen as it moves northeast towards Taiwan, with sea surface temperatures allowing it to continue its trajectory.
Belief in hell, according to international data, is associated with reduced crime
A University of Oregon psychologist found that societies with strong punitive religious beliefs have lower crime rates. Conversely, countries where people believe more in heaven tend to have higher crime rates.
Living alone associated with higher risk of mortality, cardiovascular death
An international study found living alone associated with increased four-year mortality and cardiovascular death among stable outpatients at risk of or with arterial vascular disease. The risk was highest among middle-aged individuals, suggesting that social isolation may be a significant contributor to cardiovascular risk.
Pediatric regime of chemotherapy proves more effective for young adults
Researchers found a pediatric treatment regime improves long-term survival and decreases mortality rate by 40% in young adult leukemia patients without bone marrow transplant. The study suggests treating adolescent and adult patients with aggressive chemotherapy like children could lead to better outcomes.
SourceAmerican Friends of Tel Aviv University·JournalAmerican Journal of Hematology·DateJun 18, 2012
She won a gold medal because she's pretty
Researchers found notable differences in how sports commentators talk about athletes depending on gender, nationality, and athletic performance. Female athletes are often attributed to luck rather than physical ability, while male athletes receive praise for skill and commitment.
Brothers in arms: Commensal bacteria help fight viruses
A new study published in Immunity reveals that commensal bacteria play a vital role in fighting off viral infections. The research found that signals from these beneficial microbes are essential for optimal immune responses to experimental viral infections, and their absence can lead to impaired antiviral immunity.
Living alone puts people with heart problems at risk for death
A new study at Brigham and Women's Hospital found that living alone may be a risk factor for death, especially due to cardiovascular problems like heart attack and stroke. Participants with atherosclerosis who lived alone had a higher rate of death over four years compared to those who did not live alone.
SLU designs new NIH-funded program to help institutions address research wrongdoing
The Restoring Professionalism and Integrity in Research (RePAIR) program aims to correct problematic research practices and maintain public trust. The one-year grant provides substantial educational programs addressing major causes of research wrongdoing.
Diabetes, poor glucose control associated with greater cognitive decline in older adults
A study published in Archives of Neurology found that diabetes mellitus and poor glucose control are associated with worse cognitive function and greater cognitive decline in well-functioning older adults without dementia. Patients with diabetes who had higher hemoglobin A1c levels showed lower scores on cognitive tests.
High value health care collaborative receives $26 million health care innovation grant
The High Value Healthcare Collaborative will use the grant to implement shared decision making for patients facing hip, knee or spine surgery and for those with diabetes or congestive heart failure. The project aims to reduce utilization and costs by $64 million over three years through patient engagement and activation.
Study suggests laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery appears to be safer than open procedure
A recent study suggests that laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is associated with greater safety and lower resource use compared to open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The minimally invasive approach resulted in shorter hospital stays, fewer complications, and lower total charges.
Doctors cite concern for patients, colleagues top motives for working sick
A survey of resident physicians reveals that more than half had worked with flu-like symptoms, citing responsibility to colleagues and patients as top reasons. Female residents were more likely to work sick, fearing being perceived as weak. The study calls for better identification and address of presenteeism by medical educators.
Antitoxin strategy may help target other pathogens
A novel 'beads on a string' approach may help reduce cost and development time for agents that neutralize and clear pathogenic molecules. The strategy has been shown to be efficacious against several toxins and may also prove effective in targeting other types of pathogens.
Discovery helps mice beat urinary tract infections
Researchers found that bacteria take advantage of autophagy, a cellular waste disposal system, to cause recurring UTIs. Disabling this system in mice led to quicker and more thorough clearance of the infection.
Carnegie Mellon spinoff receives funding to commercialize transit app
Tiramisu Transit LLC, a Carnegie Mellon University spinoff, has received Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I funding to commercialize its smartphone application enabling real-time bus schedule and seating information. The team plans to identify sustainable business models for crowd-sourced transit systems.
Chronic kidney disease patients could be at similar levels of coronary risk to those who have previously had a heart attack
A large-scale Canadian study has found that patients with chronic kidney disease are at comparable risk of future coronary events to those who have previously suffered a heart attack. This could lead to targeted treatment for high-risk individuals, including the use of statins to reduce 'bad' fats in the bloodstream.
Device implanted in brain has therapeutic potential for Huntington's disease
Researchers have developed a device that delivers a genetically engineered neurotrophic factor directly to the brain, treating neurological symptoms in laboratory rats. The study found significant protection against toxicity and reduced striatal lesion size, suggesting promising therapeutic potential for Huntington's disease.
Carbon is key for getting algae to pump out more oil
Research overturns the dogma that algae growth and oil production are mutually exclusive by showing that feeding more carbon increases oil production. This discovery may lead to new ways to turn photosynthetic green algae into tiny 'green factories' for producing raw materials for alternative fuels.
Understanding faults and volcanics, plus life inside a rock
Scientists uncover bacterial fossils in ancient rocks, revealing clues about life on Mars and the formation of iron oxide minerals. Researchers also study volcanic fields to predict future eruptions and develop warning systems for high-population zones and remote communities like Tristan da Cunha.
On the origin of music by means of natural selection
A computer program using Darwinian natural selection and public feedback creates sophisticated pop tunes. The algorithm, called DarwinTunes, evolves through generations of music, with listeners consistently ranking more evolved music as more appealing.
SourceImperial College London·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 18, 2012