Levine pioneered molecular approaches to develop live oral vaccines, including attenuated Salmonella Typhi and Shigella. He has made significant contributions to vaccine research, including epidemiologic field studies and large-scale controlled trials.
Researchers at Harvard University found that mice brains undergo an explosion of neuromuscular branching before birth, with some muscle fibers contacted by up to 10 nerve cells. However, within days, most connections are pruned away, suggesting experience selects which connections to keep.
The US Army has implemented a behavioral health screening program in primary care, resulting in improved PTSD outcomes. The program, RESPECT-Mil, has doubled the number of patients experiencing clinically significant reduction in PTSD symptom severity scores over eight weeks.
Researchers have identified three types of fetal cells in maternal organs: trophoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and immune system cells. These cells may help the mother's immune system tolerate the fetus and aid in organ repair.
The June issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons highlights the negative impact of smoking on bone and joint health. Smokers face increased risks of postoperative complications and bone density loss, but preoperative counseling programs can mitigate these effects. The journal also discusses treatment option...
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have identified specific combinations of errors in cell integrity processes as crucial to initiating tumors. The study reveals that genomic instability alone is not sufficient for tumor development and highlights the need for further investigation into cancer's complex origins.
Researchers found that fresh islet cells are superior to cultured islet cells in terms of success rate and blood glucose levels after transplantation. However, the results of islet isolation did not correlate with clinical outcomes for kidney transplantations from non-heart-beating donors.
A 25-year follow-up study found that 68% of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy patients became seizure-free, with nearly 30% no longer needing antiepileptic drug treatment. AED polytherapy and generalized tonic-clonic seizures preceding bilateral myoclonic seizures predicted poor long-term seizure outcomes.
A new study analyzing 27 complete human limb bones found in Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain) has estimated the height of various species of the Pleistocene era. The reconstruction suggests that Homo heidelbergensis, like Neanderthals, were similar in height to the current population of the Mediterranean.
The FASEB MARC Program has awarded a $1,650 travel grant to Shanelle Joseph from Southern University and A tM College for her poster/platform presentation at the 2012 meeting. The program aims to increase underrepresented minority engagement in biomedical research.
Researchers analyzed maritime piracy data from 2002 to 2009, identifying target vessels and violence levels. Bulk carriers and container ships were most targeted, with increasing reports of kidnapping and violent attacks.
Researchers have identified and characterized a new behavior in geckos and cockroaches, allowing them to run off ledges and execute a pendulum-like motion to swing underneath. This discovery has inspired the development of robots that can also perform this acrobatic move, with potential applications in search-and-rescue missions.
Researchers found that standard measures of clinical care for blood pressure are misleading and incomplete, while a new experimental measure provides a clearer picture of patients' needs. The study suggests prioritizing patients most likely to benefit from treatment.
Researchers found that parasitic flowers share large parts of their genome with host vines through horizontal gene transfer, and some borrowed genes are likely functional. The process may convey an evolutionary advantage to the flowers, which have replaced vertically inherited copies.
Researchers use bimodal dual AC mode microscopy to analyze eye tissue damaged by scarring in diabetic patients. The study provides detailed information on the composition and surface characteristics of these tissues.
I. Kaye Wachsmuth has been recognized for her pioneering work in public health, with a focus on global food safety. She has implemented state-of-the-art microbiology to ensure food safety at home and worldwide.
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, used genetic tracing to identify a previously unknown type of stem cell as the real culprit behind vascular diseases. This multipotent vascular stem cell is capable of differentiating into various specialized cell types and plays a key role in the calcification of blood vessels.
Researchers successfully sequenced the fetal genome without invasive sampling, enabling the detection of thousands of disorders. They overcame obstacles by applying statistical modeling and technical advances to resolve maternal haplotypes with high accuracy. The breakthrough paves the way for comprehensive prenatal genetic screening.
Dr. Richardson's research focuses on the role of basic bacterial physiology in the virulence of human pathogens, with a particular emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus. His work has shown that certain compounds can be lethal to the pathogen, leading to new insights into the battle between host and bacterium.
Xander Tielens receives the Spinoza prize for his groundbreaking work on PAHs in space, which has shed light on the importance of these molecules in star and planet formation. His research has also explored the role of PAHs in the early stages of life.
A University at Buffalo study found that smokers consuming the most fruit and vegetables were three times more likely to abstain from tobacco use for at least 30 days. These findings persisted even when adjusting for other factors such as age and health orientation.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame have developed a new sensor that can detect organic contaminants in water at very low concentrations. The sensor uses silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide films, allowing for side-selective deposition of metal ions.
Researchers found that only 0.1% of potential medicines have been synthesized, leaving billions of possibilities behind. Computer modeling can help identify promising molecules for new pharmaceuticals.
Sandeep Kishore has been recognized for his groundbreaking research on malaria parasites and his efforts to integrate basic sciences and public health perspectives in global health. He developed an open-source curriculum on neglected diseases, which has evolved into a longitudinal four-year program with full administrative support.
LaJoyce Debro has made significant contributions to fostering research training among underrepresented minorities in microbiology. She is recognized for her dedication to mentoring students and promoting diversity in scientific careers.
A study by University of Notre Dame Economist Abigail Wozniak found that highly skilled immigrant arrivals lead to a decrease in the native population's skills. In smaller and more isolated cities, this effect is particularly pronounced.
Researchers created a mini-lab in Australia's Great Barrier Reef to simulate predicted future ocean conditions and test the reaction of corals. The study, published in Scientific Reports, provides new insights into how reefs respond to ocean acidification and can inform conservation efforts.
A new study reveals that southern resident killer whales in the Pacific Northwest are more stressed when there is a scarcity of Chinook salmon to eat. Hormone levels show that the whales thrive when they arrive in the Salish Sea in late spring and have access to Fraser River Chinook, which helps them build up their fat reserves.
The Okavango Delta, Botswana's largest tourist draw, is vulnerable to climate change impacts on wildlife and wetlands. Climate change could jeopardize the country's $2 billion tourism sector, with over 50,000 visitors annually.
Ecologists call for urgent action to preserve planet's remaining biodiversity, essential for natural ecosystem services like food and wood production. The 17 prominent ecologists' consensus statement highlights the critical role of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem functions and human health.
The FASEB MARC Program has announced the recipients of travel awards for The Endocrine Society's 94th Annual Meeting and Expo. This year, nine awards were given totaling $14,850 to promote diversity in biomedical research.
Infant mortality rates remain high in Appalachia, with white infants facing disproportionately higher deaths compared to non-Appalachian regions. Poverty and limited access to physicians contribute to the deficit, emphasizing the need for improved prenatal care and healthcare policies.
Jeff Chen, a University of California, Davis student, has been awarded the Raymond W. Sarber Award for his outstanding research contributions to microbial sciences. Chen's work explores various aspects of microbiology, including yeast genetics and cellular biology.
Research reveals that individuals with uncertain sexual orientations, such as bisexuality, are more likely to experience heavy drinking and negative consequences from alcohol use. The study suggests that this phenomenon may be linked to stress and stigma associated with not fitting into traditional hetero- or homo- sexual categories.
Researchers discovered that fungi inhabit the large intestine and play a role in inflammatory diseases like ulcerative colitis. The study identified a protein called Dectin-1, which helps protect against inflammation caused by indigenous fungi.
Researchers have found an imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition in individuals with Angelman syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by seizures, cognitive delay, and severe intellectual disability. This imbalance may underlie the high seizure activity observed in AS patients.
The FASEB MARC Program has announced the recipients of its travel awards, promoting diversity in biomedical research. The program conferred $3,700 worth of awards to 2 individuals, including Deborah Muganda-Rippchen and Robert Ness.
Stuart B. Levy receives the 2012 Abbott-ASM Lifetime Achievement Award for his decades-long dedication to understanding antibiotic resistance. His work has elucidated key mechanisms and control of resistance in bacterial and mammalian cells, leading to new treatments and strategies.
A longitudinal study found that adolescents and young adults with mental health disorders are 2.4 times more likely to become long-term opioid users than those without a mental health disorder. Long-term opioid use is common among males, older youth, and those from poorer communities.
Research highlights suggestion's wide-ranging impact on human memory, learning, and behavior. The 'response expectancies' phenomenon explains how anticipating outcomes influences thoughts and actions.
A sweeping review of 20 years of research finds that biodiversity loss diminishes ecosystem services essential for human health and prosperity. Genetic diversity enhances crop yields, wood production, and fodder, while plant diversity increases resistance to invasive species and pathogens.
Researchers have found that the omentum's fat cells can suppress the immune system by sequestering activated T cells, a finding that could lead to new drugs with fewer side effects. The omentum also helps regenerate damaged tissues through mesenchymal stem cells.
A new study from Henry Ford Hospital found that individuals with insomnia are more likely to develop hypertension due to frequent nighttime wakings and delayed sleep latency. The research highlights the importance of addressing sleep disorders to prevent related health issues.
Researchers at A*STAR's Singapore Immunology Network discovered that long-lived, skin-deep immune cells called Langerhans cells originate from two distinct embryonic sites - the early yolk sac and the foetal liver. These cells play a critical role in initiating protective responses against harmful foreign invaders.
A theoretical model simulates brain tumor cell evolution under treatment, revealing that peripheral cells need to be targeted. The model suggests enhancing TTF treatment by applying specific frequencies, leading to increased plasma membrane permeability and cancer cell demise.
Researchers found an association between mild traumatic brain injury and PTSD severity using advanced imaging techniques. The study suggests that subtle brain injury can predispose soldiers to psychiatric illness when coupled with extreme chronic stress.
The study found that microbial eukaryote communities shifted from diverse nematode-dominated communities to an almost exclusively fungal community post-spill. Fungal taxa found post-spill are suspected to utilize hydrocarbons and thrive in hostile, polluted conditions.
Researchers measured hormone levels to distinguish between two theories for the whale's decline, supporting the inadequate prey hypothesis. The data suggest that recovering Chinook salmon populations is critical to killer whale recovery.
Dr. E. Peter Greenberg, a renowned microbiologist, has been recognized for his groundbreaking work on quorum sensing and biofilms. He is also celebrated for his exceptional mentoring skills, inspiring generations of scientists.
Researchers identify innate lymphoid cells as key players in limiting commensal bacteria to intestinal tissues. The study suggests that targeting these immune cells or specific bacterial groups may be useful in treating chronic inflammatory diseases.
L. Barth Reller, a renowned clinical microbiologist, has been recognized with the 2012 TREK Diagnostic ABMM/ABMLI Professional Recognition Award for his outstanding contributions to the field. He is also an accomplished mentor and trainer of medical microbiologists, having mentored 38 fellows who now hold leadership positions globally.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that vismodegib is effective in treating basal cell carcinoma, a common cancer caused by sun exposure. Researchers found that patients with Gorlin syndrome who took vismodegib developed an average of two new tumors per year, compared to 29 in those taking placebo.
A new study from Georgia Tech found that nearly 15 percent of work emails are gossip, with lower-level employees sharing more information than higher-ups. The researchers analyzed hundreds of thousands of emails from the former Enron corporation and discovered that negative gossip is prevalent among employees.
The My Air, My Health Challenge offers a cash award of $100,000 for the most effective solution in integrating physiological and air quality data. The competition aims to better understand the connection between air quality and health, and will collaborate between health researchers and technologists.
A study compared the effectiveness of face-to-face and telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating depression in primary care patients. The results found that telephone CBT had lower rates of discontinuing treatment, but was less effective at reducing depressive symptoms in the long term.
A study published in JAMA found that certain biomarker levels, specifically troponin T, measured after noncardiac surgery are associated with an increased risk of death within 30 days. The researchers identified peak troponin T values as the strongest predictors of 30-day mortality.
Research suggests that encouraging people to drink more water is driven by market interests rather than a need for better health. A balanced diet and lifestyle are key to weight loss, with fluid intake from unprocessed sources being equally important.
A study of half a million patients found that 3% require critical care services after hip and knee replacements. Hospitals should prepare for the growing number of orthopedic patients needing critical care, with risk factors including age, comorbidities, and anesthesia type.
A bacterial sepsis outbreak at a Los Angeles County dialysis center was caused by improper disinfection of reusable medical devices, including a dialyzer. The investigation found genetic links between the bacteria infecting three patients, leading to changes in facility procedures and improved infection prevention training.
Researchers at National Taiwan University created a two-phase microfluidics technique to systematically stretch polymer strings suspended in fluid flow. By varying wall wettability, flow rate ratio, and Reynolds number, they controlled polymer extension, providing insights into biomolecule structure and behavior.