What does the feminization of family medicine mean?
Female family physicians in Canada are practising differently, working fewer hours and seeing more patients with longer visits, but younger male physicians also work less than older counterparts
Science News Archive 2012
Browse by Month - 2012
Page 86 of 333
Exposing cancer's lethal couriers
Researchers developed a new nanotechnology that detects micrometastases in mouse models of breast cancer, marking them for early diagnosis and treatment. The technology uses nanochains to target cancer cells with integrins, allowing doctors to guide surgery or deliver cancer-killing drugs directly to the cells before a tumor forms.
Small proteins in the cornea protect against bacterial infection
Researchers at UC Berkeley discovered that corneal epithelial cells express small antimicrobial peptides to defend against bacterial infection. These peptides prevent bacteria from binding to epithelial cells and are crucial in protecting the eye against infections, as evidenced by mice lacking cytokeratin 6A being more susceptible.
Newly discovered molecule could deliver drugs to treat diseases
Researchers at Kansas State University have designed a membrane-bounded vesicle formed entirely of peptides that can safely deliver drugs to specific cells in the body. The peptide vesicles offer advantages over existing drug delivery systems, such as improved stability and durability.
Little evidence supports medical treatment options for adolescents with autism
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center found that there is insufficient evidence to support medical interventions in adolescents and young adults with autism. Key findings include the potential benefits of antipsychotic medications in reducing problem behaviors, but limited effectiveness for vocational interventions.
Pregnancy complications up to twice higher in women born preterm
Women born preterm face a significant increase in pregnancy complications, with risks rising for more premature births. The study, led by Dr. Anne Monique Nuyt, analyzed data from 7,405 women and found that one in five pregnancies involve complications for women born before 32 weeks of gestation.
Human brains outpace chimp brains in the womb
A new study tracked brain growth in human and chimpanzee fetuses, finding that human brains begin to show remarkable differences after 22 weeks of gestation. The findings suggest a faster rate of brain growth in humans compared to chimpanzees.
UCLA scientists fine-tune probe for early Alzheimer's detection
Researchers have discovered how chemical agents bind to and detect amyloid beta plaques and tau tangles in the brain, enabling quicker diagnosis and earlier treatment. The study's findings will speed the development of new imaging agents, providing potential benefits for patients with early Alzheimer's disease.
Cutting through the genomic thicket in search of disease variants
Researchers developed EvoD to sift meaningful variants from thousands of mutations in personal genomes, improving diagnostic accuracy. The technique capitalizes on comparative genomics and exome analysis, showing promise for detecting functionally damaging gene variants associated with Mendelian diseases.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute engineer novel DNA barcode
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute engineer a new kind of DNA barcode that can come in an almost limitless array of styles, allowing for vastly more vital information to be gathered from cell samples. The method harnesses the natural ability of DNA to self-assemble, enabling low-cost and robust cellular imaging.
MRI helps identify patients with prostate cancer who may benefit from active surveillance
A new study in The Journal of Urology presents promising results on the use of MRI to assess eligibility for active surveillance in men with clinically low risk prostate cancer. The findings suggest that clear tumor visualization on MRI is predictive of disease status upgrades on confirmatory biopsy, highlighting the potential of MRI t...
Glass half full: Double-strength glass may be within reach
Rice University researchers create new process to manufacture stronger glass through chemical vapor deposition, enabling materials with twice the strength of current glass.
3-year, 676-child trial shows effectiveness of low-cost intervention to improve sun protection
A low-cost sun protection intervention, including mailed kits with resources and educational activities, led to higher frequency of sun-protective behaviors among children. The study found significant gains in sun-protective behavior and awareness across all measures.
New research shows bees decrease their food intake when given compound found in red wine
Researchers at Arizona State University and Norwegian University of Life Sciences found that resveratrol extends honey bee lifespan by 33-38%, reducing food intake. The compound triggers a moderation effect, making bees less sensitive to sugar concentrations.
Near-roadway air pollution a major contributor to asthma in Los Angeles County, USC research finds
A USC study indicates that at least 8% of childhood asthma cases in LA County can be attributed to traffic-related pollution within 250 feet of busy roadways. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through policies and near-roadway exposure can maximize health benefits. The research suggests a link between urban air pollution, including nit...
Primate study adds to evidence of BPA harming human reproduction
A new study by WSU geneticist Patricia Hunt and colleagues reveals BPA can damage chromosomes, disrupt egg development, and increase the risk of miscarriages and birth defects in rhesus monkeys. The research bolsters earlier findings on reproductive effects in rodents and raises concerns about human exposure to this common chemical.
NASA's satellite saw 'power-trigger' around Hurricane Miriam's center
NASA's Aqua satellite revealed powerful thunderstorms around Hurricane Miriam's center on Sept. 23, triggering the storm's rapid intensification. The satellite's infrared data showed cloud top temperatures exceeding -63 Fahrenheit (-52 Celsius), indicating uplift and heavy rainfall.
Treating ovarian cancer: New pathways through genetics
A Montreal-based research team has identified genetic patterns in ovarian cancer tumors that relate to patient survival after initial surgery. The study found that patients with mutant p53 protein had longer survival rates compared to those without.
Young cancer survivors often forgo medical care due to costs
A new study reveals that young cancer survivors frequently forego routine medical care because of financial constraints. Despite having health insurance, they face significant cost burdens, which can lead to unmet health needs.
Researchers demonstrate cheaper way to produce NFO thin films
Researchers have demonstrated a less-expensive way to create textured nickel ferrite (NFO) ceramic thin films, which can easily be scaled up for manufacturing needs. The new technique allows for the creation of NFO thin films with an aligned crystalline structure, maximizing their magnetic properties.
UC San Diego bioengineers take on key role in new NIH common funds metabolomics
Bioengineers from UC San Diego are playing a key role in the NIH's new metabolomics program, which aims to accelerate diagnosis and disease treatment. The project will analyze millions of microorganisms living within the human body, providing insights into their role in health and disease.
Treatment for alcoholism dramatically reduces the financial burden of addiction on families
A study of 48 German families found that treatment for alcoholism significantly reduced family costs directly related to a family member's alcoholism. After twelve months of treatment, average costs attributable to alcoholism decreased from 20.2% to 4.3% of the total pre-tax family income.
The Cancer Genome Atlas study supports power of subtyping breast cancer by PAM50
The Cancer Genome Atlas study identifies four main breast cancer subtypes defined by PAM50, with diverse genetic and epigenetic alterations converging into these phenotypes. The study's findings advance understanding of breast cancer biology and support the use of PAM50 as a gold standard for categorizing breast cancer by subtype.
New study shows PTSD symptoms reduced in combat-exposed military via integrative medicine
A randomized controlled trial found that combining healing touch and guided imagery significantly improved PTSD symptoms in returning active-duty Marines. The study reported substantial clinical reductions in depression and cynicism, with scores decreasing by 14 points below the clinical cutoffs for PTSD diagnosis.
NASA's Global Hawk and satellites see tropical storm Nadine turning around
Tropical Storm Nadine is physically turning its direction, heading back to the west-northwest and away from land. NASA's Global Hawk flew over the storm, collecting data on wind speeds and cloud top temperatures, indicating strongest thunderstorms and heaviest rainfall in the northeast.
Scientists reverse Alzheimer's-like memory loss in animal models by blocking EGFR signaling
Researchers discovered that EGFR inhibitors and synthetic compounds can reverse memory loss in fruit fly and mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests blocking EGFR signaling prevents memory loss by preventing beta-amyloid proteins from activating the receptor.
Study analyzes variations in antibiotic prescribing among older patients
A study of Medicare data found wide variation in antibiotic prescribing for older adults based on region and season, with the South having the highest use and West the lowest. The study highlights the need for targeted quality improvement initiatives to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.
White matter, old dogs, and new tricks at Dartmouth
A study published in the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience found that brain white matter can change and adapt in response to long-term learning processes. Using diffusion tensor imaging, researchers observed significant structural changes in adults learning a complex skill over time.
Video: 3-D time-lapse imaging captures twisted root mechanics for first time
Using 3D time-lapse imaging, scientists have discovered that plant roots twist and buckle to generate force and push through barriers, allowing them to grow in difficult soil conditions. The study sheds new light on the mechanics of root growth and reveals a previously unknown connection between root geometry and force generation.
Brazil, FIOCRUZ and DNDi Latin America partner to fight neglected diseases
The Brazilian Ministry of Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) Latin America have partnered to develop new therapies and diagnostics for neglected diseases. This partnership aims to boost innovation in the field and provide new health tools to Brazil's public health programs.
Some deadly breast cancers share genetic features with ovarian tumors
A recent study reveals that basal-like breast tumors and ovarian tumors have similar genetic origins, suggesting potential for shared treatments. The research found unique genetic signatures within each subtype, highlighting the need for personalized cancer therapies.
Constraining world trade is unlikely to help the climate
Researchers found that constraining world trade is unlikely to help combat climate change, as emissions mainly originate from the production process of imported goods. The US current account deficit and China's energy mix are significant contributors to CO2 transfers.
Mayo researchers develop editing toolkit for customizing zebrafish genomes
Mayo Clinic researchers have developed an efficient editing toolkit for customizing zebrafish genomes, eliminating a bottleneck in biomedical research. This breakthrough enables targeted genetic modifications for studying human diseases, including modeling point mutations and regulating gene expression.
Stratosphere targets deep sea to shape climate
A University of Utah study found that periodic changes in winds 15 to 30 miles high in the stratosphere influence deep-sea circulation patterns, affecting Earth's climate. The research revealed the North Atlantic as a sensitive area where warming or cooling from the troposphere can trigger downwelling events.
UN, other experts warn of 'water bankruptcy' for many regions after reviewing 200 major global projects
A study of 200 major international water-related projects identified existing and emerging challenges, including insufficient management, urbanization, and climate change. Investing in science and strengthening the science-policy interface can help reduce risks and inform decision-making.
New chemistry technique from the Scripps Research Institute reproduces nature's elusive complexity
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute developed a new technique to synthesize complex terpenes, a crucial step towards cheaper and fully synthetic cancer drugs like Taxol. The breakthrough mimics a natural biochemical phenomenon that allows cells to make these compounds, overcoming significant challenges in organic chemistry.
Urgent need for integrated oncology and palliative care
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) has awarded 16 new centers with integrated oncology and palliative care accreditation. A new study from Italy highlights the underuse of adjuvant analgesics in cancer pain management, emphasizing close patient follow-up.
Large bacterial population colonized land 2.75 billion years ago
Scientists found evidence that early microbes colonized land 2.75 billion years ago, producing oxygen and weathering minerals. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption that life was limited to oceans during this period, suggesting a more significant role for microorganisms on land.
Cancer research yields unexpected new way to produce nylon
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center discovered a molecule necessary for producing nylon using genetic changes found in cancer tumors. This breakthrough enables environmentally friendly adipic acid production from cheap sugars.
Discovery may shed light on why some HIV-positive patients have more virus
A UC San Diego study has identified a human gene called Human Schlafen 11 that produces a protein blocking the replication of HIV in infected cells. The research may lead to diagnostic tests and therapeutic drugs to prevent AIDS progression.
Study reveals genomic similarities between breast cancer and ovarian cancers
A study by NIH/National Cancer Institute reveals shared genomic features between high-grade serous ovarian cancer and one subtype of breast cancer. This similarity suggests that the two cancers share a common molecular origin, facilitating comparison of therapeutic data.
Understanding the brain by controlling behavior
Researchers at Harvard University have successfully controlled the behavior of worms by manipulating their neurons with precise laser beams. By hijacking key neurons, they can instruct the worm to perform specific actions, such as turning in a desired direction or responding to fake sensory inputs.
Scientists predict major shifts in Pacific ecosystems by 2100
A new study finds that climate change could lead to significant changes in Pacific ecosystem distribution, affecting thousands of marine animals and coastal communities. Some species, like loggerhead turtles and sharks, may face harsh impacts, while others, such as seabirds and tunas, may benefit from shifting habitats.
MDC researchers solve puzzle of B-cell lymphoma development
Researchers at MDC Berlin-Buch identified subpopulations of B cells with activated Myc genes, essential for germinal center formation and maintenance. These findings shed light on the origin of B-cell lymphomas derived from germinal centers.
UNC Lineberger scientists lead cancer genome analysis of breast cancer
A team of researchers identified genetic causes of the most common form of breast cancer, Estrogen-Receptor positive Luminal A subtype, providing clues for new therapeutic targets. They also found a molecular similarity between basal-like breast cancers and high-grade serous ovarian tumors.
Mount Sinai researchers identify predictors for inpatient pain
Researchers at Mount Sinai identified reliable predictors of pain in inpatients, enabling interdisciplinary teams to develop targeted intervention plans. These plans resulted in decreased pain levels and increased patient satisfaction across various departments, with reported pain levels decreasing by 3.6% per quarter.
The effect of body mass index on blood pressure varies by race among children
A new study reveals racial differences in how body mass index affects blood pressure in children, with black children showing a greater impact. Black children's blood pressure was 8% higher than white children's, suggesting targeted prevention strategies may be necessary.
Researchers examine how characteristics of automated voice systems affect users' experience
Researchers found that IVRs with male voices tend to be perceived as more usable than those with female voices, but they are not considered more trustworthy. The study encourages designers to consider voice characteristics when developing future systems to improve user experience.
Kessler Foundation scientists awarded New Jersey grants for brain injury research
Researchers Dr. Helen Genova and Starla Weaver received three-year grants to investigate cognitive function after traumatic brain injury. They aim to develop strategies for rehabilitation using neuroimaging techniques like diffusion tensor imaging.
Nudge or think: What works best for our society?
A recent study funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) explores the effectiveness of 'nudge' and 'think' techniques in encouraging citizen participation. The researchers found that nudge techniques, such as doorstep canvassing and public recognition, yielded better results but were not always sustained in the long term.
Nunavut's mysterious ancient life could return by 2100
Scientists predict that climate change will rehabilitate the ecosystem of around 2.5 million years ago on Bylot Island in Nunavut, Canada. The island's fossilized forest is between 2.6 and 3 million years old, with wood samples preserved in peat and permafrost.
Satellite spots Tropical Storm Nadine and 2 developing lows
Tropical Storm Nadine has cleared of convection, indicating a decrease in thunderstorms. A low-pressure area is forming in the central Atlantic, while another in the eastern Pacific shows promising signs of organization and warm sea surface temperatures.
New ways to protect female fertility
Researchers found that blocking the activity of PUMA and NOXA proteins may lead to new strategies to protect women's fertility. The study also showed that missing these proteins can provide protection against radiation damage, potentially delaying menopause and prolonging female fertility.
Key immune cell may play role in lung cancer susceptibility
Researchers found that genetic diversity in natural killer cells contributes to lung cancer susceptibility. In mice, manipulating the immune system can significantly block tumor growth. The study suggests a key role for natural killer cells in lung cancer, potentially offering new targets for therapy.
Virtual boundaries: How environmental cues affect motivation and task-oriented behavior
A new study finds that environmental cues like queue guides can serve as virtual boundaries, dividing those waiting into in-system and out-system categories. This divide is associated with increased action initiation, persistence, and optimism.
Historian uncovers rare writings by 18th century political icon
A historian has discovered three previously unknown essays by Edmund Burke, a prominent British statesman from the 18th century. The newly attributed manuscripts offer insight into Burke's philosophical thinking and intellectual influences, which likely shaped his 30-year parliamentary career.
Horticultural hijacking
Researchers reveal that beneficial root bacteria, like Bacillus subtilis, suppress plant immunity to control the relationship, boosting growth through nitrogen conversion. This complex interaction raises questions about the benefits and drawbacks of these symbiotic relationships.
Bacteria's key innovation helps understand evolution
Researchers at Michigan State University have discovered how E. coli evolved to consume citrate, a previously inaccessible food source. The study reveals that multiple mutations were required for the bacteria to develop this new trait, and that complex traits can evolve quickly and repeatedly in microbial populations.
Professor publishes on first-ever imaging of cells growing on spherical surfaces
Researchers have successfully imaged cells growing on spherical surfaces using a novel class of substrates. This technique has potential applications in cancer detection and treatment, as well as stem cell differentiation and tissue engineering.
'Forest killer' plant study explores rapid environmental change factors
The study investigates the effects of Mikania micrantha on agriculture and human communities in Chitwan National Park. Researchers aim to understand the social and ecological forces that make communities more resistant or vulnerable to rapid environmental change.