North Carolina State University is leading a four-year research project to assess freshwater sustainability across the southern United States. The study will analyze historical hydroecological observations and population projections to determine how sustainable water resources will be over the next 10 to 30 years.
The software can locate and track targets of known size, such as enemy positions in combat, and those of unknown size, like rare animals without disturbance. It also tracks moving targets with speed and direction calculations.
The Idaho National Laboratory has demonstrated a suite of cybersecurity tools that provides situational awareness of networks and control systems. The Sophia software tool passively observes network communications, providing real-time and historical records of those communications.
Researchers at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin found that immunodeficient patients with secondary lung disease can experience improved pulmonary function and radiographic abnormalities when treated with a combination of rituximab and azathioprine. This treatment targets specific types of lymphocyte...
Researchers emphasize the need for policy-makers to consider various scales in conservation decisions, including space and time, to effectively protect biodiversity. The SCALES project highlights the importance of adopting scale-sensitive approaches to bridge the gap between scientific research and practical applications.
Researchers discovered two mechanisms that prevent neighboring membrane surfaces from sticking together due to hydration repulsion. The water molecules play a crucial role in maintaining the optimal distance between membranes.
Researchers developed a monoclonal antibody that protects chimpanzees from HCV infection in a dose-dependent manner. The study provides preclinical proof-of-concept for the use of neutralizing antibodies to prevent HCV transmission, which could lead to improved treatment options for patients with end-stage liver disease.
A study published in the American Journal of Infection Control found that less than half of US schools address pandemic preparedness and only 40% have updated their plan since 2009. Many schools lack personal protective equipment, staff training, and medication stockpiles, highlighting the need for improved emergency planning.
Researchers at Washington State University have identified a biological mechanism connecting trichomoniasis, a curable sexually transmitted disease, to an increased risk of developing prostate cancer in men. The study reveals that the parasite activates a series of proteins, with one protein acting as a key regulator in this process.
The IAU XXVIIIth General Assembly in Beijing, China, has ended after two busy weeks with significant progress on astronomical heritage and new results. New guidelines for filter passbands, a redefined astronomical unit, and an international NEO early warning system were among the key resolutions approved.
Studies reveal paradoxical roles of PML in regulating fat-burning metabolism and its impact on breast cancer cells, hematopoetic stem cell maintenance, and obesity. Enhanced cellular metabolism provides energy to breast cancer cells, while inhibition of fatty acid oxidation poses a risk to replenishment of HSCs.
Fungi found in plants stimulate decomposition rates of organic materials when exposed to higher carbon dioxide levels, limiting soil's ability to store extra carbon. This can lead to higher greenhouse gas emissions and reduced capacity to mitigate climate change.
The Soil Science Society of America has announced its 2012 class of fellows, comprising 26 soil scientists from around the world. These distinguished professionals have made significant contributions to the field of soil science through their research, teaching, and extension work.
Researchers found at least seven shared antibiotic-resistance genes between soil bacteria and disease-causing pathogens, suggesting recent gene transfers. The discovery highlights the potential for environmental bacteria to contribute to human health risks.
Tropical Storm Isaac is bringing heavy rainfall and a storm surge to the US Gulf Coast region and lower Mississippi River Valley, with NASA satellites providing critical data on rainfall rates and intensity. The National Hurricane Center expects prolonged flooding in the affected area, with total rainfall amounts of 7-14 inches expected.
Experts say that younger men with erectile dysfunction are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. A thorough non-invasive cardiovascular disease evaluation is recommended for all men diagnosed with organic ED due to low testosterone levels and other risk factors.
Researchers at Lund University found that a lower percentage of women than men are invited to write articles in top science journals. This results in women being less visible and having reduced career advancement opportunities. The authors call for increased inclusion of women in invitation-only sections.
The Crop Science Society of America has selected 7 members for the 2012 class of Fellows, recognizing their professional achievements and meritorious service in crop science. The new fellows include experts from universities, government institutions, and private companies.
A new validated method for analyzing flavanols and procyanidins in cocoa products could help establish a causal relationship between the intake of these compounds and their health benefits. The method, developed by Mars Incorporated and recently validated through a multi-laboratory study, provides specific compositional information on ...
A comprehensive review of European bird monitoring programs revealed opportunities for improvement in sampling design, data analysis, and public involvement. Recommendations include collecting quantitative data, optimizing resource allocation between sites, and increasing collaboration among programs to integrate and reuse sampled data.
Researchers used a dying star's light to probe the gas conditions in a distant galaxy, revealing 'reassuringly normal' interstellar conditions. The study also provided insights into the formation of galaxies like our Milky Way.
A recent study published in Respirology reveals that water pipe smoking can have severe respiratory effects, comparable to those of cigarette smoking. The research, led by Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, found profound impacts on lung function among water pipe smokers and deep inhalation cigarette smokers.
Researchers predict increased likelihood of large-volume lava flows and phreatomagmatic eruptions at Yellowstone National Park along three NNW-trending fault lines. Geochemistry suggests rapid magma ascent without storage, supporting a higher probability of future volcanism along these regions.
The Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems developed a mobile app that integrates real-time traffic data into regional public transportation. The system provides personalized routing suggestions based on user preferences and displays bus schedules, routes, and nearby points of interest.
A cross-cultural study found that Japanese participants showed higher wisdom scores than Americans in resolving group conflicts, while older age was associated with increased wisdom for Americans but not Japanese. This research highlights the importance of culture on human development and lifespan development.
Nanoresonators, created by Purdue researchers, have the potential to improve cell phone performance by reducing congestion over the airwaves. The devices can filter out noise and allow signals to pass through more precisely, resulting in better call quality and faster downloads.
The LRO radar has detected small patches of ice in the walls of Shackleton crater, with estimates suggesting they could make up at most 5-10% of the material by weight. This finding supports the possibility that permanently shadowed lunar craters are sites for water accumulation.
The American Society of Agronomy has selected 0.3 percent of its members as Fellows for their outstanding contributions to the field of agronomy. The 2012 class of ASA Fellows includes researchers, scientists, and educators from universities and government institutions across the US.
Tropical Storm Tembin made landfall in southwestern South Korea, with NASA's Aqua satellite capturing the storm's elongated cloud cover. The storm's central convection was decaying rapidly due to southwesterly wind shear, losing its energy.
When the malaria parasite infects human red blood cells, it launches a 48-hour remodeling process that enhances cell membrane stiffness through the RESA protein. This increased rigidity impairs microcirculation, especially at fever temperatures.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a treatment for coral infected with White Plague disease, a deadly bacterium that causes 9% of Favia favus corals to die. The treatment uses viruses that infect bacteria, providing a breakthrough in developing regionalized treatments.
A study led by Svante Pääbo describes the Denisovan genome, revealing genetic variation was extremely low, suggesting a small population that grew quickly. The research documents genetic changes between modern humans and their archaic relatives, including genes associated with brain function and nervous system development.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine discovered a new 'first response' mechanism that the immune system uses to respond to infection, challenging current understanding of immunity. This fast-acting immune response is orchestrated by inflammatory monocytes and can provide immediate protection against microbes.
Researchers at Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center have discovered how tamoxifen-resistant breast-cancer cells grow and proliferate. They suggest an experimental agent might offer a novel targeted therapy for these resistant tumors.
A recent field study in California cities found black carbon absorption enhancements of just 6 percent, suggesting that climate models may be overestimating warming by black carbon. The researchers' findings highlight the complexity of airborne particles and challenge existing projections about their impact on global and regional climate.
A new Johns Hopkins study found that early diet after birth plays a significant role in determining lifetime obesity risk, rather than prenatal nutrition. Rats exposed to high-fat diets post-birth were more likely to become obese and develop metabolic disorders.
A statistical review of four studies on Lyme disease retreatment suggests flaws in design, analysis, and interpretation that challenge the evidence against treatment. The review found inconclusive results and potential benefits from antibiotics, leading experts to question the guidelines' recommendation against retreatment.
Renal artery stent deployment significantly reduces systolic blood pressure in patients with uncontrolled renovascular hypertension. The HERCULES trial found that those with higher blood pressure levels at baseline had the most dramatic reduction.
A £30 million initiative will fund groundbreaking projects addressing healthcare problems with current solutions inadequate, enabling adoption into clinical practice and basic research. The partnership aims to tackle rare diseases, mental health issues, and care for infants, leveraging UK and international expertise.
A group of Pyrgodesmidae millipedes previously unknown in Australia has been discovered on museum shelves. The study reveals dozens of native species across over 2000 km of eastern Australia's warm forests.
A new Cancer Research Network study estimates real-world use of anthracycline and trastuzumab in breast cancer patients, showing a higher risk of heart failure and cardiomyopathy compared to previous clinical trials. The study's findings highlight the importance of awareness about the risks associated with these chemotherapy drugs.
Researchers at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research discovered that planarian stem cells, known as neoblasts, can mobilize and rebuild tissues lost to amputation. The team found that these stem cells remain pluripotent even in fully mature animals and migrate to the site of injury when needed.
A new study from UC Berkeley suggests that affluent people are more focused on material possessions during times of trouble, while lower-income individuals tend to reach out to friends and loved ones. The research sheds light on how socio-economic class affects human behavior in response to uncertainty and chaos.
The Rust-Tracker system can monitor 42 million hectares of wheat in 27 developing countries and track the spread of stem rust and related strains. Experts warn that North Africa, Central Asia, and other regions are still vulnerable to the deadly disease.
A new study by bioengineers at the University of California, San Diego, challenges the long-held paradigm that enzymes are highly efficient and specific in catalyzing chemical reactions. The researchers found that at least 37 percent of E. coli's enzymes catalyze multiple metabolic reactions in actively growing cells.
A cost analysis of delivering solar geoengineering materials to the stratosphere shows that it is feasible and affordable, with costs estimated at $1-2 billion per year. The study concludes that using aircraft is the cheapest option, while guns and rockets are more expensive due to lack of reusability.
Researchers at the University of British Columbia have developed a science outreach toolkit aimed at promoting STEM careers among secondary students. The toolkit, based on their Genomics Field Trip Program, provides valuable information for lesson plans and offers a blueprint for designing research-based field trips.
A new noninvasive imaging technique, dynamic diffuse optical tomography imaging (DDOT), uses near-infrared light to map hemoglobin concentration in tissue, revealing effective blood flow to patients' hands and feet. DDOT has the potential to diagnose PAD earlier, allowing for medication and lifestyle changes to alleviate the disease.
Researchers identified a genetic variant associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels in African American women, linked to higher risk of heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers. The study found that genetic factors specific to African Americans may contribute to the observed differences in inflammation levels.
Researchers have created a genetic mouse model to study primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), a condition affecting one in a hundred women. The model replicates the effects of POI on ovaries and fertility, providing new insights into its causes and potential treatments.
Recent research reveals five new species of cuckoo bees from the Cape Verde Islands, demonstrating the region's rich biodiversity and evolutionary diversity. The discovery highlights a phenomenon known as 'island gigantism,' where isolated populations exhibit increased body size.
Researchers at Rice University and MD Anderson Cancer Center offer a possible explanation for the existence of operons, jointly controlled clusters of genes found in bacterial chromosomes. The study suggests that operons help bacteria deal with noisy biochemical signals by suppressing noise in gene regulatory networks.
Researchers have developed a low-cost method for detecting neurological disorders like ADHD and Parkinson's by analyzing eye movement data while watching TV. The study found that patients with these conditions exhibited distinct patterns of eye movement, allowing for accurate diagnosis with high accuracy rates.
Agricultural Research Service scientist David Huggins found that standing crop residues on no-till farms increase snow cover uniformity, leading to more uniform soil water distribution and higher soil water recharge rates. This can result in increased winter wheat yield potential by up to 13 bushels per acre.
The failure to meet 2010 biodiversity targets has led to a critical review of existing policies and the need for improved design and implementation. Scientists emphasize the importance of understanding complexity in processes to address scale-related problems in conservation.
Researchers have discovered that Grb10 protein plays a crucial role in increasing muscle mass during development, which could lead to new strategies for treating muscle wasting conditions and metabolic disorders. The study found that blocking Grb10 function while mice were in the womb resulted in increased muscle strength and mass.
A recent study found that positive depictions of strong female characters can mitigate the negative impacts of violent media on viewers' attitudes towards women. The research, conducted by Christopher Ferguson, surveyed 150 university students and showed that men and women exhibited less anxiety when viewing shows with positive female ...
Researchers at Duke University have identified the genetic variation behind wild mustard plants' varying levels of spicy chemical production. This difference affects their ability to survive in environments with changing conditions. The study sheds light on how complex traits are shaped over thousands of years.
Researchers at Monash University have discovered a mechanism that shuts down the body's inflammatory response after injury. This finding has significant implications for treating inflammation and may lead to new treatments for conditions such as myeloperoxidase deficiency.
The University of Leicester has received a unique piece of retinal imaging equipment through charitable donations. The handheld scanner will enable researchers to study nystagmus in infants and young children, improving medical understanding and treatment for this condition.