A recent study by a German-US science team estimates that there is about 4 billion tons of carbon stored in subseafloor microbes, reducing the total amount of carbon stored in living organisms by about one third. This new finding challenges previous estimates based on drill cores taken in nutrient-rich areas.
Researchers found that tamoxifen effectively suppresses gynecomastia and breast pain in men with prostate cancer. Treatment with tamoxifen was more successful than with aromatase inhibitors or radiotherapy in reducing breast symptoms.
Researchers found that widely used drug gabapentin significantly improves quality of life, severity, and frequency of chronic cough in patients who have not responded to standard treatment. The study suggests gabapentin's potential as a new treatment option for refractory chronic cough.
The Arctic sea ice extent has reached a new record low, with scientists attributing the decline to warmer temperatures. The minimum summertime extent of the sea ice is now 27,000 square miles below its peak in 2007.
A new transport protein, ABCD4, has been identified as responsible for the transfer of vitamin B12 from lysosomes into cells. This discovery provides evidence for another cause of hereditary vitamin B12 deficiency and enables diagnosis and treatment.
A study at ESC Congress 2012 found that renal denervation improved contractile function of the left side of the heart by more than 10% in patients with advanced heart failure. In contrast, standard drug treatment showed no change in contractile function.
A study using narrow band imaging found high accuracy for predicting polyp type and suggests leaving distal colon hyperplastic polyps in place with acceptable accuracy. The technology improved visualization of mucosal characteristics, enabling real-time assessment of polyp type.
Researchers have discovered a molecule that could lead to a future ALS treatment, modifying the course of the disease in zebrafish models. The EphA4 receptor was found to play a key role in the mechanism of ALS, with its expression linked to disease severity and recovery.
A recent study in the Journal of General Physiology reveals that Kv potassium channels are not regulated by physiological changes to PIP2. In contrast to inward rectifier channels, various members of the Kv channel family were unaffected by PIP2 depletion, suggesting a previously unknown mechanism for their regulation.
A WSU researcher has identified over 40 plant-based compounds that can turn on genes that slow the spread of cancer. The study highlights the potential role of diet and nutrition in controlling cancer's spread.
Researchers at UT Dallas have developed a new software system, dubbed Frankenstein, that can evade traditional antivirus scanning mechanisms. This innovative technology takes code from existing programs and repurposes it to create malicious software, providing a 'cloak of invisibility' for attackers.
Researchers found that nerves in squid skin control the animal's spectrum of shimmering hues, as well as their speed of change, creating spectacular optical illusions. The study provides evidence for neural control of iridescence in an invertebrate species.
A 15-year study of French registries shows a 68% decrease in STEMI mortality rate, with key factors including younger patients, increased use of reperfusion therapy, and improved early management. The results highlight the importance of addressing population characteristics and behavior to further reduce mortality rates.
A study by Dr Denise Fischer found that renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) reduces local and whole-body sympathetic activity and blood pressure. Patients experienced improvements in physical state, mental state, quality of life, anxiety and depression scores after RDN.
A new study found that the endovascular technique for repairing ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms does not conclusively improve survival rates. The study, published in the Journal of Vascular Surgery, compared outcomes between patients who underwent emergency endovascular surgery and those who had open surgery.
Research by the European Society of Cardiology found that energy drinks improve left and right ventricular function in healthy subjects. Energy drink consumption increases diastolic blood pressure but also shows benefits for heart rate and overall cardiac performance.
A large prospective study found that healthy lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption, physical activity, and vegetable intake significantly reduced the risk of hypertension. The study showed that even one or two healthy lifestyle factors could reduce the risk of hypertension by nearly 50% in men and more than 30% in women.
Researchers developed a mouse model of Fukuyama's muscular dystrophy that accurately replicates human disease pathology. The study found that removing the fukutin gene at different stages of development led to varying degrees of muscle impairment.
Researchers find that certain RNAs can pause without being degraded, enabling protein production, and suggesting multiple proteins could be made from the same mRNA
A new study in Neurology questions the validity of a quality measure for stroke care, suggesting that patient decisions may account for up to 40% of hospital deaths within 30 days. The study found that 41% of patients could have been kept alive with continuous medical interventions, effectively reducing mortality rates by 3.2%.
Drs. Blazar and June will present their lecture on adoptive T-cell therapy, which has potential to establish tolerance to hematopoietic or solid organs allografts, treat autoimmunity, and promote immunity to cancer and chronic infection. The researchers have made significant contributions to advancing the field of BMT.
Patients with psoriasis are at higher risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus due to chronic inflammation. The study found that the risk increases with severity of psoriasis, with patients having severe psoriasis being more than twice as likely to develop diabetes.
A new study by Cornell University finds that employed mothers spend three-and-half fewer hours per day on children's diet and exercise compared to stay-at-home mothers. Meanwhile, working fathers devote just 13 minutes daily to such activities.
Tropical Storm Isaac is showing signs of consolidation according to NASA's infrared time series data, indicating a more organized circulation center. The storm is expected to strengthen into a hurricane over warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
Research at ESC Congress 2012 found that renal denervation regenerates blood vessels, reducing cardiovascular events. The procedure improves central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness in patients with resistant hypertension, suggesting a potential 'fountain of youth' for blood vessels.
A new study suggests that nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3, can increase the ability of immune cells to kill staph bacteria by 1,000 times. This could offer a new tool in the fight against 'superbugs' and potentially reduce dependence on antibiotics.
The PROTECT study found that zotarolimus-eluting and sirolimus-eluting stents have comparable rates of stent thrombosis at three years. The study also showed that dual antiplatelet therapy use can affect the long-term clinical relevance of stent type.
A recent Special Focus in Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics discusses the mistakes of past cancer vaccine programs and provides critical insights into the future of cancer vaccines. The study emphasizes the importance of antigen discovery and personalized approaches to overcome the challenges of tumor heterogeneity.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes in the elderly, according to new research. CMV infection can cause inflammation and damage pancreatic cells, leading to insulin resistance and increased glucose levels.
Researchers at the University of Delaware found that beneficial bacteria in soil can signal plants' stomata to close, preventing disease infection. This discovery highlights the potential for probiotics to bolster plant immunity naturally.
Researchers have discovered that methane from lakebeds is present in fish tissue through the food chain. The study uses two biomarkers to confirm the finding, increasing the certainty of its results. Methane oxidizing bacteria are consumed by zooplankton and other aquatic organisms, which eventually end up in fish stomachs.
The University of Tennessee team will combine molecular biology, ecological analysis and environmental remediation to create mathematical models of ecosystem function and provide a strategy for Chinese government officials to balance Lake Taihu's ecosystem. They will examine all contributing organisms to toxic algal blooms and develop ...
Dr. James George is recognized for his pioneering work on platelet glycoproteins, diagnosis and clinical management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). He has also made significant contributions to education, research, and practice through various initiatives.
A study examined the long-term safety of two different types of drug-eluting stents, finding no significant difference in stent thrombosis rates over three years. However, differences emerged when dual antiplatelet therapy was used low, suggesting its importance for patients with these stents.
Scientists have discovered a way to manipulate superconducting materials using light. This breakthrough allows for the creation of ideal superconductors with continuous electrical current without losing any power. The research has potential applications in developing non-dissipated memories and improving energy efficiency.
A drug trial found that TAS-102 improved survival time, reduced risk of death, and controlled disease progression in patients with advanced, inoperable colorectal cancer. Patients treated with TAS-102 had a median overall survival of 9 months, compared to 6.6 months for the placebo group.
The study found a decline in mortality rates among STEMI patients in France from 1995 to 2010, attributed to increased use of reperfusion therapy and recommended treatments. The proportion of younger women with STEMI also increased, consistent with declining prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.
A team of scientists has discovered the oldest record of arthropods, including insects and mites, preserved in 100 million-year-old amber. The findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, provide new insights into the evolution of life on Earth.
Renal denervation significantly and sustainably lowers blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, reducing risk of kidney disease and cardiovascular events. The Symplicity HTN-2 trial demonstrates the procedure's effectiveness in achieving substantial blood pressure reductions for up to 18 months.
The ASGE initiative focuses on developing guidelines for real-time imaging of Barrett's esophagus, addressing the need for more accurate surveillance protocols. High-risk individuals require regular endoscopy screenings, but current methods have shortcomings due to dysplasia and cancer sampling errors.
A new method, SPR microscopy, allows for quantitative analysis of protein interactions on cell surfaces, streamlining drug development and diagnostic biomarker identification. The technique provides high-resolution spatial and temporal information, revealing dynamic processes evolving over time.
The IABP-SHOCK II trial randomized 600 patients to receive either an intraaortic balloon pump or conventional optimal medical treatment, but found no reduction in 30-day mortality rates. The study also showed that the IABP did not improve blood pressure, organ perfusion, or reduce treatment time in the intensive care unit.
A recent study from Rhode Island Hospital found that nearly seven percent of urologic multi-detector CT scans for hematuria resulted in clinically important incidental findings. The most common findings were lung nodules, aneurysms, and ovarian cysts, with only a small percentage requiring immediate medical attention.
A recent study by San Diego Zoo Global researchers found that giant pandas make specific choices when selecting trees for scent marking. The choice of tree is influenced by factors such as bark roughness, presence of moss on the trunk, tree diameter, and distance to trails.
Scientists at Vienna University of Technology developed a method called 3D-photografting, which allows them to attach molecules at exact positions. This technique can be used to grow artificial biological tissue with specific inner structures and create tiny three-dimensional 'labs on a chip' for sensor technology.
A new study from the University of Missouri finds that separated parents who use technology effectively can coordinate exchanges about their children more easily, reducing stress on kids. In contrast, hostile couples use communication tech to manipulate or withhold info, causing pain to children.
Dr. Keith Crandall's research in the journal Ecology and Evolution found that Cerataspis monstrosa is a larval stage of the deep-water aristeid shrimp Plesiopenaeus armatus. The discovery sheds light on biodiversity and life history of the organism.
Researchers found that midlife fitness levels can lower the onset of chronic diseases such as congestive heart failure, Alzheimer's disease, and colon cancer decades later. Fitter individuals aged well with fewer chronic illnesses to impact their quality of life.
The ASTRID study found that patients with high and very high risk benefited from transfemoral TAVI, with mortality rates of 4.7% and 7.7%, respectively. The registry also showed differences in vascular complications and residual aortic regurgitation between valve types.
A new genre of young adult literature, 'teen sick-lit,' portrays chronically ill protagonists as vessels for others' emotional development rather than self-actualized women. The study found little empowerment in these books, instead reinforcing negative stereotypes and societal norms.
The researchers successfully packaged siRNA in a hydrogel complex that can be injected into target tissues, allowing for prolonged control over cell behavior. The technology has the potential to guide stem cells to grow into desired cell types, starve tumors by blocking blood vessel growth, and induce cancer cell death.
The Wilderness Medical Society has released new guidelines to prevent and treat lightning injuries, with recommendations for effective medical treatments post-strike. These guidelines aim to lower the likelihood of being killed or injured from lightning strikes.
A study led by Iliana Baums found that coral larvae are unable to traverse the Eastern Pacific Barrier, corroborating Charles Darwin's 1880 prediction. The research has significant implications for climate-change research, species-preservation efforts, and economic stability in the eastern Pacific region.
Researchers propose that certain dietary fats encourage the growth of harmful bacteria, leading to low-level inflammation and chronic disease. Unsaturated fats, like omega-3 fatty acids, have strong antimicrobial properties, weakening bacterial cell membranes.
A University of Oregon team has developed a formula to refrigerate coal-plant emissions, reducing carbon dioxide by 90%, sulfur dioxide by 98%, mercury by 100% and other pollutants. The process would save society 38% through reduced health-care and climate-change costs.
A new imaging technique has been developed to measure catalytical reactions of single nanoparticles and multiple particles printed in arrays. This allows researchers to determine the relationship between efficiency and nanoparticle size, shape, and composition, enabling fast screening of different nanoparticles.
A longitudinal study of over 1,000 New Zealanders found that persistent cannabis use before age 18 led to significant declines in IQ, attention, and memory. The study suggests that adolescence is a critical period for brain development and vulnerability to substance-induced harm.
Scientists at Duke University Medical Center found that breast milk fosters colonies of microbiotic flora in a newborn's intestinal tract, while infant formulas do not. This unique property of breast milk aids nutrient absorption and immune system development, suggesting potential approaches for developing substitutes.
Recent studies suggest genes play a significant role in shaping political preferences and traits. Twin studies have implicated several genes in influencing political issues such as the death penalty, unemployment, and abortion, with future research holding promise for deeper insights into genetic influences on politics.
Researchers found that successive leg compressions trigger natural protective mechanisms reducing damage after a stroke. The technique, called remote ischemic perconditioning, reduced stroke size by 25.7% in animal models, doubling its efficacy when combined with tPA, the current FDA-approved stroke therapy.
Recent studies suggest that mesalamine and probiotics may help prevent recurrence of diverticulitis. Inflammation after an acute episode is a risk factor for recurrence, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches to managing the disease.
A second specimen of Ernanodon antelios sheds new light on the mysterious ancient mammal, revealing it was highly specialized for digging. The fossil skeleton provides key information about its habits, lifestyle, and affinities, resolving long-standing controversies in the scientific community.
Researchers found that wallabies regulate growth of their young by selectively imprinted insulin gene, similar to human placenta. Insulin expression in mammary gland increases after birth, indicating critical role for genomic imprinting in post-natal growth.
A new study found that grasses coated with latex paints show a notable reduction in photosynthesis. The researchers discovered that red paint is more damaging to total canopy photosynthesis (TCP) than white paint, while diluting each color with water reduces their negative effects.
Scientists developed a tool to identify bays with suitable habitats for resting spinner dolphins, allowing conservation efforts to focus on specific areas. The maps aim to minimize human disturbances and protect the dolphins' ability to rest, forage, and communicate effectively.
A new formulation of cisplatin has been developed to improve the effectiveness and safety of cancer treatment. The pH-sensitive liposome was able to reduce cancer cell proliferation and increase survival in animal models with no known toxicity clinical signs.
A new study finds that everyday discrimination against pregnant women of color may contribute to low birth weight babies. Women who experienced more discrimination reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, leading to babies with lower birth weights. The study suggests reducing discrimination could eliminate health disparities in b...
Dr. Ley's work on whole genome sequencing in AML has provided unprecedented insights into the disease, highlighting the importance of unbiased methods for discovering cancer-initiated mutations. His research also revealed that most AML mutations are benign background events, with only a handful contributing to pathogenesis.
Research from the European Society of Cardiology reveals that normal-weight individuals with belly fat have a higher death risk than obese individuals. The study found that those with central obesity, even at a normal weight, had the highest cardiovascular death risk and death risk from all causes.
Researchers analyzed data from US Army vehicle crashes to identify risk factors for injuries involving Humvees. Combat involvement and operating as a gunner posed the greatest risk for injury.
Research demonstrates that plants trigger their defense mechanisms against freezing temperatures with shortening daylight, unlike trees which do it with waning sunlight. This understanding gives potential tools to fine-tune regulation and increase crop productivity.
Researchers found a correlation between low solar activity and cold Central European winters, with the Rhine River serving as a proxy. The study suggests that periods of low sunspot numbers lead to regional cooling, with implications for climate research and the debate on anthropogenic climate change.
A new study found that reducing television viewing among adolescents can lead to a decrease in excess weight gain over one year. The intervention included limiting TV hours, setting up home-based activities, and sending monthly newsletters.
The ORIGIN-GRACE study found that insulin glargine significantly reduced secondary outcomes of atherosclerosis progression, but had no effect on primary outcomes. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements also showed no significant effect on either outcome.
A study by Berkeley Lab scientists found that older men who consume more vitamin C, E, folate, and zinc have less sperm DNA damage. This suggests that adequate micronutrient intake can help counteract the detrimental effects of aging on sperm genome health.
A research-based report by an international Media Violence Commission confirms that media violence exposure increases the relative risk of aggression. The commission recommends that parents know what media their children and adolescents are using and set limits on screen time to promote critical thinking and healthy consumption.
High doses of vitamin B3 stimulate a specific gene to enhance white blood cells' ability to combat staph infections. The study found that vitamin B3 increased the body's immune system by up to 1,000 fold, killing staph bacteria in laboratory tests
A U.S. Department of Agriculture scientist has discovered a natural, biodegradable chelating agent called EDDS that can replace existing fertilizers contributing to waterway pollution. The findings support the use of EDDS in floral and nursery crop industries, promoting environmental sustainability.
A recent study published in BMJ Quality & Safety found that misdiagnosis is alarmingly common in the ICU, with 28% of patients having at least one missed diagnosis at death. The most common fatal flaws included infections and vascular maladies, such as heart attack and stroke.
Typhoon Bolaven appears twice as large as Typhoon Tembin in a stunning image from NASA's Aqua satellite, with Bolaven's visible eye dominating the scene. Both storms show strong uplift and cold cloud top temperatures, indicating intense storm activity.
A systematic review of therapies for adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders found limited evidence to support medical interventions. Some treatments showed promise in improving social skills and educational outcomes, but studies had significant flaws and limited follow-up. The study underscores the urgent need for ...
Dr. Margaret A. Goodell is awarded the 2012 William Dameshek Prize for her groundbreaking work on hematopoietic stem cells and their role in regulating the immune response.
The ACCESS-EU study found significant clinical improvements in patients treated with MitraClip therapy, including reduced death rates, mitral regurgitation, and need for surgery. The study's results confirmed the effectiveness of the device in a real-world setting.
A study presented at ESC Congress 2012 found that renal denervation successfully treats patients with resistant hypertension, significantly lowering blood pressure. The procedure resulted in no adverse events or deterioration in renal function, making it a safe and effective treatment option for real-world patient populations.
The Arctic sea ice extent has reached its lowest level on record, according to a research team from CU-Boulder. The decline is attributed to warming temperatures caused by human-produced greenhouse gases, which have led to the replacement of old, thick multi-year ice with young, thin ice that melts quickly.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) advises against routine screening for chronic kidney disease in asymptomatic adults due to insufficient evidence supporting its benefits. Commercial screening tests can also inflate healthcare costs and undermine physician efforts to provide cost-conscious care.
A study found sharp increases in heart failure and pneumonia following the Japanese earthquake, while stroke and cardio-pulmonary arrest rates followed seismic peaks. Blood pressure was also elevated, but medication disruptions may have contributed to cardiovascular events.
A recent study published in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment found a strong correlation between short sleep duration and worse recurrence scores in post-menopausal breast cancer patients. The research suggests that insufficient sleep may cause more aggressive tumors, but further research is needed to verify this association.
A new study found that extra body fat increases the risk of breast cancer recurrence and death in women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Obesity is linked to hormonal changes and inflammation that drive cancer spread and recurrence.
Research by Mayo Clinic found that individuals with a normal body mass index but central obesity have the highest risk of cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality. The distribution of body fat is crucial, even in those with normal weight, and waist-to-hip measurements can determine this.
A study by Pascale Engel de Abreu and colleagues found that bilingual children from low-income families outperformed their monolingual peers in controlling attention and ignoring distractions. Despite linguistic challenges, minority bilingual children demonstrated strengths in executive domains.
Researchers developed a glue mixture that can improve the safety of LASIK eye surgery by reducing the need for cornea transplants. The adhesive, made from fibrinogen and riboflavin, was tested on dogfish sharks and rabbits and found to be effective in keeping the cornea's flap in place.
Human pregnancy length is limited by a mother's metabolism, not birth canal size, according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The EGG hypothesis suggests that babies are born when their mother cannot put any more energy into gestation and fetal growth.
Researchers at the University of Iowa have developed a mouse model of Fukuyama's muscular dystrophy, providing insight into disease development. Vitamin B3 has also been shown to aid in fighting staph infections by increasing C/EBPε expression in mice. Meanwhile, a new class of cerebrospinal fluid-based biomarkers for neurodegenerative...