A study found that individuals with dementia have a significantly higher rate of hospital admissions compared to those without dementia. The majority of these admissions were for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions, which can be prevented with proactive outpatient care.
A review of 16 prognostic indices found that none were free from potential bias and only two were independently validated. The study highlights the need for further research on the quality and limitations of these indices before they can be recommended for routine use in clinical practice.
Researchers found that people with schizophrenia showed greater brain activity during tests inducing delusional thinking, including the cortical midline structures and dopamine regions. This effect was not seen in a comparison group without schizophrenia.
The conference, led by Stanford University's Medicine X, aims to bridge the gap between academia, technology, and healthcare. JoVE will publish selected submissions in a unique multimedia format, making findings transparently accessible to the scientific community.
Research at Kansas State University is exploring the use of lignin, a plant-based material, to stabilize and strengthen unpaved roads. The study found that adding lignin to soil can improve road cohesion and reduce erosion, potentially reducing maintenance costs and environmental impact.
Astronomers have discovered the most distant galaxy cluster ever observed, comprising five bright galaxies that are 600 million years after the Big Bang. The cluster is believed to be a protocluster, with galaxies expected to merge and form a massive central galaxy.
Researchers discovered a biological pathway that increases the level of chemokine SDF-1, which stimulates cells to move and migrate. The study found that higher levels of this protein can predict who is most likely to develop HUS, allowing for closer monitoring.
Astronomers have pinpointed the most distant galaxy cluster in the early universe, comprising five tiny galaxies 600 million years after the Big Bang. The discovery confirms theoretical understanding of galaxy cluster formation and provides evidence for the hierarchical model of galaxy assembly.
A study analyzing human gut microbes as a complex system reveals patterns corresponding to excess body weight. The researchers found organizational shifts away from a normal state in the gut flora of obese individuals, which may account for their increased energy extraction capacity.
The foundation awarded $156,000 each to 18 new fellows and $100,000 to three Breakthrough Scientists recipients. The awards support novel ideas in cancer research, enabling the nation's most promising young scientists to pursue careers in cancer research.
Researchers at Oregon State University have detected a thermal 'uplift' signal in satellite imagery from the Lop Nor nuclear testing site in China. The change occurred four years after the tests and corresponds to known surface locations above past tests, providing a potential new tool for analyzing the strength of detonation.
A new classification for diagnosing fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV has shown to be as accurate as currently used algorithms, but required no further liver biopsy. The study combined two fibrosis tests, providing a non-invasive and more precise fibrosis diagnosis.
A new study by Rice University illustrates a disconnect between government funding of biomedical research by young investigators and the Nobel Prize standard. The average age of biomedical researchers getting their first grant from the NIH in 2008 was 42, compared to the average age of Nobel winners at 41.
A study published in Hepatology found that older Americans with cirrhosis require twice the amount of informal caregiving and contribute added strain on the healthcare system. The prevalence of cirrhosis is expected to climb in this frail population due to increasing obesity and aging of those with hepatitis C.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed a new method for creating advanced nanomaterials that can convert electricity into different temperatures. The new thermoelectric materials exhibit superior properties and can be produced quickly, easily, and cheaply in large batches using microwave ovens.
A team of researchers has discovered the most distant developing galaxy cluster, approximately 13.1 billion light-years away, using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The cluster is among the brightest galaxies in the early universe and is expected to grow into a massive galactic city.
Research on three-spined sticklebacks reveals that reoccurring infectious diseases influence the frequency of immune genes. This variability helps individuals resist diseases but poses a challenge for organ transplants. In contrast, the variation in human HLA alleles enhances mating choices by providing optimal gene combinations.
A long-term study found elevated mortality rates among individuals who experienced venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism compared to controls. The research, published in PLoS Medicine, underscores the major consequences of venous thrombosis on both morbidity and mortality.
The study analyzes the impact of the 2001 Doha Declaration on compulsory licensing of pharmaceuticals, highlighting a need for systematic evaluation of global health agreements. The authors investigated trends in compulsory licensing since 1995 and found significant changes in response to the declaration.
The IUPUI-launched Institute for Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science aims to train a new generation of researchers to identify and solve scientific issues. The institute focuses on areas such as drug delivery, pollution, and brain mapping, using mathematical modeling and computational science approaches.
Dr. C. Noel Bairey Merz will receive the inaugural Journal of Women's Health Award for her exceptional work in advancing women's health research. Her research focuses on women and heart disease, mental stress and heart disease, exercise, and nutrition in heart disease.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that occasional marijuana use is not associated with long-term loss of lung function. Marijuana smoke was shown to increase lung air flow rates and capacity, but only up to moderately high levels of use.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have discovered a link between inositol phosphate signalling and histone deacetylase enzymes, which play a key role in regulating gene expression. This finding has significant implications for the therapeutic intervention of certain types of cancer.
Two studies by USC Marshall School of Business professor Scott Wiltermuth found that synchronized physical activities can foster aggression and obedience, potentially leading to destructive outcomes. Participants who moved in sync with their groups or authority figures performed better in tasks that involved harming others.
Scientists at Virginia Tech have discovered a novel antiviral immune pathway in culicine mosquitoes, which produces virus-derived small RNAs similar to piwi-interacting RNAs. This finding suggests a robust immune system, but understanding how viruses overcome it remains an open challenge.
Researchers studied a galaxy cluster 5 billion light years away, finding that it has passed through each other without collision. The study revealed that most of the dark matter had also passed through, but gas clouds collided, creating a huge cloud of superheated gas.
A Concordia University study found that adults in Canada, especially those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, do not consume enough fruits and vegetables. Quebecers, on the other hand, tend to eat more of nature's produce, making them a model for healthy eating habits.
Scientists have revealed the world's deepest known 'black smoker' vents, which may be hotter than 450 °C and are home to thousands of a new shrimp species. The discovery suggests that deep-sea vents may be more widespread around the world than previously thought.
Patients with cirrhosis are more likely to be Hispanic, have lower education, and higher healthcare utilization. They also experience significant functional disability, requiring twice the amount of informal caregiving as non-cirrhotic peers.
Researchers have successfully converted an intrinsically 'blind' receptor molecule into a photoreceptor using molecular genetic techniques. This synthetic construct enables light-controlled activation and may potentially be used to restore sight in patients suffering from certain forms of blindness.
A new teaching program improved siblings' knowledge and coping skills, enhancing their adjustment and psychological well-being after a sibling's cancer diagnosis. The pilot study showed promising results, with the intervention group showing better improvement in psychological well-being.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital successfully test a controllable endoscopic capsule that can 'swim' through the body. The capsule is equipped with a camera and can be steered using an MRI machine to photograph specific areas of interest wirelessly.
Researchers mapped dark matter using images of 10 million galaxies in four regions, studying distortion of light as it passes massive clumps of dark matter. The study reveals a vast network of dense and empty regions, providing the first direct glimpse at dark matter on large scales.
The retrieval of four cores from a glacier high atop Mount Ortles may provide valuable insights into past climate changes and environmental shifts in the region. The cores contain unaltered ice that could reveal a climate history spanning several centuries, including the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age.
Scientists at Fermilab and Berkeley Lab have created the largest direct measurements of dark matter yet, using new methods that will improve ground-based surveys. The maps show a clearer picture of the universe's past, which is crucial for understanding dark energy.
Researchers identified genetic mutations in OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 proteins as the underlying cause of Rotor syndrome, a condition characterized by conjugated bilirubin buildup. Complete deficiency of these proteins can cause hypersensitivity to certain drugs and interrupt conjugated bilirubin reuptake into the liver.
A team of researchers has associated mutations in the reticulon 2 gene with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 12. They discovered that these mutations likely cause neurodegeneration by disrupting ER-shaping proteins, providing new insights into this complex disorder.
A recent study published in Circulation found that the risk of heart attack increases significantly after losing a loved one. The research, led by BIDMC, revealed an elevated risk of heart attack in the first 24 hours (21 times normal) and remained high for at least a month.
Researchers propose using personalized medicine to identify individuals at highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes, allowing for targeted prevention efforts. Current methods are inefficient, but new biomarkers and approaches hold promise for preventing and controlling the disease.
Research shows that high-quality females, which produce more offspring, are more likely to have daughters. Conversely, weaker females, with their grandfather's qualities, produce more sons. This study found that females can manipulate the sex of their offspring to compensate for genetic limitations.
The study found that new generation drug-eluting stents were associated with a 28% lower risk of mortality, compared to old generation DES, and a 23% lower mortality rate at two years. The new generation DES also had a 38% lower risk of restenosis and a 43% lower risk of stent thrombosis within two years.
A new study found that most parents who get tested for breast cancer genes share their results with their children, even if they are very young. The majority of parents shared their results with at least one child, with older children more likely to be informed than younger ones.
A nationwide tax on sugary drinks could prevent nearly 100,000 cases of heart disease and 26,000 deaths annually. The tax would also generate $13 billion in direct revenue and save the public an additional $17 billion per year in healthcare costs.
Researchers found that a brief adherence program improves blood sugar test results and depression symptoms in patients with Type 2 diabetes and depression. The study showed that 60.9% of patients with integrated care had improved blood sugar test results, compared to 35.7% with usual primary care.
A team of Yale researchers found genetic signatures of the extinct species Chelonoidis elephantopus in over 1600 tortoises, suggesting direct descendants may still exist. The discovery could allow for the resuscitation of the species through intensive breeding of hybrids.
A study published in Environmental Health Perspectives found that men with higher levels of DDE and PCBs had significantly higher rates of sperm abnormalities. Researchers used a new sperm imaging methodology to detect chromosomal abnormalities, highlighting the potential impact of environmental exposure on male fertility.
Researchers at the University of Illinois discovered that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is crucial for constructing the acrosome, a critical structure in fertilization. Without DHA, sperm cells fail to form properly and fertility is compromised.
The TEAMcare program, based on the Chronic Care Model, activates patients to monitor their own health and empowers them to control their diseases. This approach results in improved depression outcomes, better-controlled blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and enhanced quality of life for patients with depression and diabetes.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University have made a major step toward creating superlenses that can see objects as small as 100 nanometers across using metamaterials and plasmons. This could enable ultra-high-resolution microscopes and cell phone cameras, making high-powered microscopy accessible to the public.
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that the number of guns sold by Badger Guns & Ammo and diverted to criminals tripled after the adoption of Tiahrt amendments. The study also found that reductions in gun sales linked to crime declined by 66% before the amendments took effect.
Researchers have found that adding a specific protein from Listeria to a probiotic can decrease the risk of infection by 46%. The breakthrough could lead to the development of a pill or drink to prevent Listeria infections, primarily affecting pregnant women and those with weakened immune systems.
A new study provides a composite picture of oil and gas distribution after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill. It uses vast chemical data to estimate oil and gas flow rate and environmental distribution.
Scientists used innovative computer model to demonstrate the roles of underwater topography, currents and bacteria in Gulf of Mexico. The resulting model revealed that physical structure of the gulf was a key factor in disappearance of hydrocarbon plumes, which were consumed by bacteria that swirled around the leaking well.
A recent study by Harvard School of Public Health found that nicotine replacement therapies are no more effective in helping smokers quit than quitting on their own. The study suggests that the FDA should only approve medications proven to be effective in long-term smoking cessation, and lower nicotine levels to reduce addiction.
Researchers found willingness to take financial risks decreases with age and economic downturns. Investors should not adjust their risk tolerance according to the economic climate. Financial planners must consider clients' attitudes toward risk for appropriate investment portfolio recommendations.
A study published in Neurology found that nicotine patches improved memory loss in older adults with mild cognitive impairment by 46% after six months. The treatment had minimal side effects and showed promise for further research into its potential benefits.
A study published in Archives of Ophthalmology found that commercial insurance was the most frequent payer of emergency department outpatient services in Florida, followed by self-pay and Medicaid. The data suggest a shift towards Medicaid as patients move into eligible categories, which may impact eye care delivery models in the state.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas have discovered a new material called graphene that conducts heat 20 times faster than silicon, leading to more-efficient cooling of electronics and potentially longer-lasting computers and cellphones.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center developed a new way to identify genes of harmful microbes using chemicals and genomic sequencing. This approach can rapidly pinpoint genes responsible for specific traits in Chlamydia, a common sexually transmitted infection.
Researchers used advanced imaging technology to visualize minute structural elements within blood vessels and found elastin plays a key role in supporting arterial function. This knowledge could help understand and treat complications of cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure and diabetes.