Researchers found nearly half of students with poor sleep also reported a fear of the dark. To treat this condition, new approaches may be needed to address the underlying phobia rather than just treating insomnia symptoms.
Research suggests that a growing global population will significantly increase greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to environmental stress.
A Vanderbilt-led study identified a gene expression pattern linked to resistance to breast cancer chemotherapy. The researchers found that tumors with low concentrations of the dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) were more resistant to chemotherapy, suggesting new therapy options for patients with specific subtypes of breast...
Researchers confirm improved mood changes in subjects practicing IBMT for a month, accompanied by increased axonal density and myelin formation. The technique may provide a new approach to intervention and prevention of mental disorders.
A Danish national cohort study found that cerebral damage and retinopathy of prematurity are independently associated with visual impairment in preschool children born extremely premature. The authors identified global developmental deficits, moderate to severe foveal abnormality, and ROP treatment as risk factors for VA loss.
A new vaccine against cocaine addiction uses the body's own immune system to prevent the high, as demonstrated by a molecular imaging technique. The vaccine, called dAd5GNE, combines a cocaine-like molecule with part of the common cold virus, inducing antibodies that bind cocaine in blood and prevent it from entering the brain.
Researchers at Ohio State University discovered that caspase-11 enables immune cells to fuse and degrade bacteria causing Legionnaires' disease. The enzyme's activation helps kill the bacteria by triggering a fusion event between phagosomes and lysosomes, preventing bacterial replication.
Researchers found that a subtype of CD4-positive immune cells called Th17 cells in the gut could influence disease outcome and help control HIV growth. Increasing these cells may promote an environment with more anti-viral capabilities, potentially improving treatment outcomes.
Researchers develop a molecular imaging tool to detect coronary artery disease, which is caused by atherosclerosis. The technique measures the coronary flow reserve, or CFR, and calculates precise dilation of blood vessels at rest and under stress.
A Swedish study found that dental plaque is associated with a significantly increased risk of premature death from cancer. The research tracked the health of almost 1,400 adults for 24 years and found that those with high levels of plaque had a 79% higher risk of dying early from cancer.
Harvard University researchers invent a way to keep metal surfaces free of ice and frost using ultra slippery anti-ice and anti-frost surfaces. The technology, called SLIPS, prevents ice sheets from developing on surfaces and allows for easy removal of ice with tilting or slight agitation.
A new molecular imaging method using PET/CT with Gallium-68 DOTATATE identifies hormonally active tissues, allowing clinicians to re-evaluate patient management. This technique changes treatment plans in over 35% of patients, saving them from unnecessary surgeries.
Dr. Rowan Chlebowski, a leading breast cancer researcher at LA BioMed, has been recognized for his significant contributions to cancer prevention and control through the ASCO-American Cancer Society Award and Lecture. His work on clinical trials and lifestyle interventions has reduced breast cancer recurrence and incidence.
Researchers at the University of Kentucky have developed two new ruthenium complexes that are up to 200 times more toxic and three times more potent than cisplatin against tumor cells. These complexes become activated when exposed to light, reducing their impact on healthy cells.
A customized patch treatment for basal cell carcinoma has shown an 80% cure rate without surgery or major radiation therapy. The phosphorus-32 skin patch delivers a fragmented dose of radiation to cancerous lesions, killing facial tumors in patients with facial basal cell carcinoma.
A new study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that common hospital noises can disrupt patient sleep, leading to temporary elevations in heart rate. The researchers also found that electronic sounds were the most arousing, even at low volumes, and that sleep stage affected how sound impacted arousal.
Satellite data tracked aerosols from Siberian fires to reach America's shores in six days. Images revealed the densest area of smoke over Mongolia, transported across the Pacific Ocean and into Alaska.
A University of Alberta team has successfully created technetium-99m in a cyclotron, producing high-quality images comparable to reactor-based isotopes. The breakthrough could provide a reliable alternative to the aging Chalk River facility's medical isotope supply.
A new analysis found that many adolescent and young adult cancer survivors experience chronic medical conditions, poor quality of life, and barriers to healthcare access. The study suggests that these negative behaviors are potentially modifiable through proper follow-up care and promotion of healthy habits.
Research published online first in the Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery found a link between early menopause and an increased risk of cerebral aneurysms. Women who entered menopause at a younger age were more likely to develop brain aneurysms, while later menopause and hormone replacement therapy reduced the risk.
The Trudeau Institute has received a National Institutes of Health grant to study new treatments for bacterial infections. The institute's lab will investigate the effectiveness of Aronora's therapeutic approach on various types of bacterial infections, building on earlier studies that showed promise in mice.
A new study has found that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) pay more for health care services than children with other conditions. They also use more services but have less access to coordinated care. The researchers highlight the need for better policies and medical home models to address these disparities.
Stem cells in the developing embryo give rise to adult nephrons, but unlike skin and gut, kidneys can't build new ones. FGF9 and FGF20 proteins maintain the embryonic kidney's stem cell niche, which is crucial for future research on growing kidney stem cells in the lab.
A study by Indiana University found that teens and young adults from multiple disadvantaged groups face more discrimination than their peers, resulting in poorer health outcomes. The research analyzed data from 1,052 participants and revealed a significant gap in health problems between those with and without multiple disadvantages.
A study using PET/CT imaging with F-18 FDG reveals that molecular imaging biomarkers can predict the effectiveness of radiochemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. This improvement in treatment planning could lead to more effective and cost-efficient care.
Researchers discovered that pancreatic cancer cells produce a protein that tricks the immune system into helping cancer growth. Blocking this protein may lead to effective treatments for pancreatic cancer. The findings suggest restoring the antitumor properties of a patient's immune system could be a therapeutic strategy.
A molecular imaging study shows that ASV can improve cardiac function, exercise capacity, and sympathetic nerve activity in patients with congestive heart failure. The therapy was found to be just as effective as conservative treatments in reducing symptoms and improving overall health.
Researchers at MGH identified a brain area sensitive to sound distance, independent of loudness, using functional imaging. This discovery could help future studies of hearing disorders and sheds light on how the brain processes auditory signals.
A new study by UCI researchers found that heating soil in Wisconsin and North Carolina woodlands can increase carbon dioxide release into the atmosphere up to eight times. The study suggests that soils could accelerate global warming through a vicious cycle, where man-made warming releases carbon from soils to the atmosphere.
Researchers at the University of Zurich found Epo increases oxygen transport in blood shortly after injection, improving exercise performance. The hormone also boosts motivation, which could be useful in treating depression and schizophrenia.
New research by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists reveals that human activities are the primary cause of global ocean warming over the past 50 years. The study analyzed observational and modeling uncertainties to confirm this conclusion.
A telephone intervention trial found that patients with glaucoma showed improved medication adherence when receiving automated calls and printed materials. However, interactive voice recognition devices may play a supportive role in improving adherence, while further study is needed.
Researchers found that individuals taking statin cholesterol-lowering drugs are more likely to experience decreased energy and fatigue upon exertion. The study, which included over 1,000 adults, suggests that these side effects should be taken into account when prescribing statins.
Researchers have identified new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment by studying the interaction between natural killer cells and tumor cells. A study found that targeting JAK1 and JAK2 kinases may aid in eradicating tumors resistant to NK cell killing. Additionally, another study revealed that periostin plays a crucial role in chr...
Research found that teens and young adults experiencing multiple forms of discrimination, such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status, report worse mental and physical health. Those from four disadvantaged groups experienced the most health problems, with 13% reporting all four forms of discrimination.
An international study reveals that the epigenome of newborns and centenarians differs, with older individuals showing a distorted epigenome that has lost key switches. Reversibility of this process is possible through dietary changes or drug use.
A new study by the University of Exeter found that seniors who perceive themselves as older are five times more likely to meet dementia criteria on standard screening tests. The research highlights the significant impact of age attitude on mental functioning and clinical tools used in dementia diagnosis.
Researchers found African-American survivors have unmet needs in dealing with fears of recurrence, while spouses report concerns about stress and anxiety. The study highlights the importance of culturally appropriate interventions, including improved communication and symptom management for better outcomes.
A new method called comparative epigenomics uses interspecies comparison to determine the purpose of genes. By analyzing epigenomic marks in pluripotent stem cells, researchers were able to identify conserved epigenetic markers that can annotate the genome and clarify its regulatory function.
A study published in Developmental Cell reveals that actin depolymerization, not myosin motor contraction, is the main force behind yeast cell division. The research uses a novel quantitative microscopy model to confirm this finding and sheds light on cytokinesis mechanisms.
Researchers have developed a new therapy that targets a specific enzyme to stop the spread of brain bleeds and protect brain cells from further damage after a stroke. The compound has potential for use in both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, offering a longer window of treatment for patients.
A French cohort study of 6,000 women aged over 65 found that high levels of estrogen are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and strokes. The study challenges the long-held assumption that estrogen has a protective effect on the heart and blood vessels.
Researchers at Monell Chemical Senses Center discover that adding sweetness to a solution can suppress coughing, while menthol reduces the cough reflex by numbing sensory nerves. These findings have implications for understanding how popular remedies work and may inform strategies for managing cough symptoms.
Researchers at NYU School of Medicine have made a key discovery about the progression of pancreatic cancer, revealing how it escapes immune detection. By targeting a protein called GM-CSF, they found that immune cells can be unleashed to attack and halt tumor development.
A study found that baby names with popular phonemes in previous years became more popular, demonstrating a connection between cultural evolution and name popularity. The researchers also discovered a correlation between hurricane names and baby names, highlighting the influence of exposure on cultural trends.
A study using molecular imaging found a link between low dopamine levels and aggressive behavior in competitive situations. Participants with lower dopamine synthesis capacity were more likely to act out with aggression when provoked.
Recent studies with the Green Bank Telescope indicate that two neighbor galaxies may have had a close encounter. The discovery confirms a disputed finding from 2004 and shows six dense clumps of gas in the stream, strengthening the argument that they are part of a bridge between the two galaxies.
A study of over 12,500 people in 40 countries found that long-term insulin use does not increase the risk of heart disease or cancer. Participants who received daily basal insulin injections had a lower chance of developing type 2 diabetes even after treatment stopped.
A new study reveals that a combination of molecular imaging, radiography, and dual imaging probes detects more cancerous bone lesions than other methods. The addition of molecular imaging with combined radiopharmaceuticals to conventional CT improves the power of imaging for cancer diagnosis.
A new surgical technique has been shown to improve clitoral function and reduce pain in women with female genital mutilation (FGM). The study, published in The Lancet, involved nearly 3,000 women who underwent reconstructive surgery between 2008 and 2009.
Hospital noise is a significant factor affecting quality-of-care in hospitalized patients, disrupting sleep, healing, and causing negative impacts on cardiovascular health. Research found that louder sounds are more disruptive, especially those engineered to alert, while noises like ice machines are arousing at low sound levels.
Depleting groundwater can reduce surface-water flows, harming fisheries and wetland habitats. Creative groundwater management solutions are being adopted by western states and Australia to minimize economic disruption during droughts.
A new study finds strongly conserved parts of proteins responsible for knotted portions display remarkable similarities among species separated by more than a billion years. Slipknotted proteins, rare but essential for cell membrane stability, are also widely distributed across different families and species.
A large retrospective cohort study found that thiazolidinedione use may increase the risk of diabetic macular edema (DME) at 1-year and 10-year follow-up evaluations. The association was strongest among patients taking thiazolidinediones in combination with insulin.
A recent study found that targeting the JAK1 and JAK2 tyrosine kinase pathways can increase tumor cell susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated death. Pharmacological inhibition of these pathways was shown to enhance tumor cell killing, making them a promising target for cancer therapy.
Fermi detects the highest-energy gamma rays ever associated with a solar flare, surpassing visible light by two billion times. The discovery showcases Fermi's capabilities as a solar observatory, providing insights into solar outbursts and charged particles acceleration.
Gut bacteria play a crucial role in regulating the immune system and preventing autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Larger-than-normal populations of specific gut bacteria may trigger disease development, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals.
A Yale University study found that female butterflies learn to favor males with four spots on their wings, a novel mechanism for evolving morphological diversity. The researchers discovered that females can change their mating preferences after short exposure to different wing patterns.
A new method of 4D PET image reconstruction provides sharper-than-ever images of cardiac function, allowing physicians to pinpoint heart defects for better diagnoses. The technique compensates for blurring caused by the beating of the heart, improving imaging contrast and signal-to-noise ratio.
Researchers found a new genetic mechanism that bacteria use to cause shigellosis, increasing its virulence. This discovery could lead to the development of targeted treatments for this deadly disease.
Research reveals Arctic plants are adapting to rising temperatures by growing taller and expanding, particularly evergreen shrubs, with vascular species like shrubs and plants becoming more widespread
Researchers have imaged the structure of the S-layer protein coat in bacteria down to individual atoms, revealing its role as a protective layer. The discovery provides insights into how bacteria interact with their environment and could lead to new nanomaterials and drug delivery methods.
A study by the Society of Nuclear Medicine found that most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer have excellent survival rates, similar to those without the disease. The majority of patients with early-stage thyroid cancer can live a long and healthy life, thanks to advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Researchers at UCLA discovered that purified human perivascular stem cells can form bone faster and with higher quality than traditional methods, potentially eliminating the need for invasive bone grafts. The study uses a fresh cell composition called stromal vascular fraction to isolate and purify the stem cells.
A study of 700 people living with HIV in Russia found that approximately half reported not disclosing their status to all partners. The findings suggest that risky alcohol use is common, but does not contribute to nondisclosure, emphasizing the importance of counseling and encouraging disclosure to prevent further HIV spread
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg are working on developing substances that can prevent parasites, bacteria, and fungi from producing essential proteins. If successful, this could lead to the development of new drugs for several major diseases, including cancer, parasitic diseases, and bacterial and fungal infections.
A joint research project between Aarhus University and the Danish Cancer Society shows that mindfulness-based psychological therapy helps reduce anxiety and depression in cancer patients. Mindfulness teaches patients to be more conscious of life as it happens, reducing negative thoughts and worries.
Researchers at UNC Health Care identify a key genetic switch that determines melanoma's ability to spread. Inactivating the LKB1 gene causes non-aggressive cells to become highly metastatic.
A new Northwestern University study suggests that children of older fathers inherit longer telomeres, which may promote slower aging and facilitate extension of lifespan. The association is cumulative across multiple generations, offering insights into the evolution of aging.
A new study found that gay and lesbian couples are more likely to engage in mutual health behaviors, while straight couples rely on one partner as the 'health expert.' The research also suggests that societal conditions can shape health behavior dynamics in intimate partnerships.
In a pilot study, patients with type 2 diabetes who used Almased, a protein-rich meal replacement, lost weight and gained better blood sugar control. After 12 weeks, average insulin doses decreased from 147 to 65 units per day and HbA1c levels dropped by 7.7%.
A new study found that people with mild cognitive impairment were nine times more likely to be slow walkers than moderate or fast walkers. The study used a new technique to detect changes in walking speed and found that fluctuations in walking speed were also associated with MCI.
Researchers have created a massive database of Mars' impact craters, containing 635,000 craters over 1km in diameter. This will aid in dating Mars' regions and understanding water volcanism and potential past habitability.
A Stanford researcher discovered that certain human embryonic stem cells produce molecules that benefit themselves and nearby cells during stress, exhibiting 'altruistic' behavior. This unique trait is linked to an increase in p53 protein fluctuations, enabling some stem cells to maintain their stemness and secrete antioxidant glutathi...
Research found no increase in infective endocarditis among dental patients following updated guidelines, which restrict antibiotic use to those at greatest risk of complications. The study's results are reassuring but suggest further research is needed to support the findings.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in Alzheimer's disease detection using molecular imaging technology, which can identify beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. Studies show that high levels of amyloid binding are associated with an 80% chance of developing Alzheimer's disease within two years.
A new rapid-cooling process can extend egg shelf life by up to 12 weeks, maintaining protein quality and preventing bacterial invasion. The technology uses liquid carbon dioxide to cool eggs quickly, reducing the risk of salmonella illnesses.
Researchers develop unique technology that keeps devices working in the presence of ionizing radiation, suitable for space applications and control systems, and overcome current radiation-resistant technologies' drawbacks. The new logic gates perform logical operations and can be used to build circuits such as adders and multiplexers.
Researchers have identified a pair of proteins, RGS7 and RGS11, that play an essential role in vision, particularly in dim light environments. The study reveals that these proteins help regulate cells' response to light, enabling the transmission of visual information to the brain.
The University of Bristol scientists developed a technique to calibrate six Amazon gauges using ICESat elevation data, correcting large discrepancies in water levels. This method enables researchers to accurately estimate water levels and river slope, crucial for understanding the exchange of water with floodplains and other processes.
Researchers used bioluminescence imaging to track hair follicle stem cells in mice, showing successful regeneration of new hair follicles. The study paves the way for future clinical trials to test the efficacy of this novel therapy for human hair regeneration.
A population of cells in the squamo-columnar junction of the cervix have been found to be responsible for most HPV-associated cervical cancers. These cells can become cancerous when infected with HPV, while other cells in the cervix appear to be resistant to infection.
New research from the University of Copenhagen found that even slightly higher blood glucose levels increase the risk of ischemic heart disease. A study of over 80,000 participants revealed a 69% increase in risk with just 1 mmol above normal levels.
A new study by Miriam Liss and Mindy Erchull found that feminist mothers support time-intensive, hands-on parenting practices associated with attachment parenting. The researchers surveyed 431 American women and found that feminists were more likely to endorse attachment parenting than non-feminists.
A study by Joslin Diabetes Center found that a significant number of people with long-term type 1 diabetes developed little to no diabetic eye disease over time. The researchers hope to identify the factors behind this protection, which could lead to new treatments or prevention strategies.
A new computer model has successfully predicted negative side effects in hundreds of current drugs by analyzing their chemical structures and known side-effect molecules. The model identified potential side effects for 151 previously unknown compounds, including a synthetic form of estrogen that causes stomach pain.
A new study by Rice University and Long Island University found that corporate political activity is negatively associated with market performance. Firms' political investments also worsen both market and accounting performance.
The American Academy of Neurology has issued an updated guideline outlining the best treatments for infantile spasms. The hormone therapy adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) may be effective for treatment, with low-dose ACTH showing similar effectiveness to high-dose and potentially lower risk of side effects.
A recent study found that 26.7% of homeless adults in downtown LA are infected with hepatitis C, while nearly half (46.1%) are unaware of their infection status. The study also highlights the need for interventions such as HCV education, counseling, and voluntary testing and treatment services.
The prevalence of Type 1 diabetes among young people in the US has increased by 23% between 2001 and 2009, according to a new study. Researchers funded by organizations like JDRF are making progress in treatments, technology, and vaccines, but more support is needed to combat this life-threatening disease.
A study suggests that women can reduce their breast cancer risk by avoiding unnecessary medical imaging. According to the UCSF analysis of IOM report, radiation exposure from medical imaging is a known risk factor for breast cancer.
A new treatment protocol for kidney cancer uses molecular imaging and radioimmunotherapy to target clear cell renal carcinoma. The study found that the effectiveness of this therapy may be diminished when used after another anti-cancer drug, sorafenib.
A study of 5,666 people found that those sleeping less than 6 hours a night had a higher incidence of stroke symptoms among middle-aged to older adults. The researchers suggest that short sleep duration may be a precursor to other traditional stroke risk factors.
Researchers found that normalizing blood glucose levels in pre-diabetes patients can significantly reduce the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. A study published in The Lancet revealed a 56% reduction in progression to diabetes among participants who achieved normal glucose regulation, regardless of its duration.
Researchers found that individuals with HIV who can control viral replication have killer T cells with effective T cell receptors, which recognize and kill infected cells. The study suggests that the particular sequence of the protein affects the ability to control infection.
Brown University engineers create a biochip called SMART that can detect influenza by identifying specific RNA sequences and separating them from other biological debris. The device is small, low-cost, and fast, making it potentially useful in first-aid kits.
A team of researchers has identified a hereditary enzyme deficiency, MPS IIIE, which leads to cognitive decline and learning difficulties in mice. The discovery also sheds light on the role of heparan sulfate degradation in lysosomal storage disorders.
A new treatment method using computers to address childhood anxiety disorders has shown promising results. The Attention Bias Modification (ABM) program, which uses a technique to reduce anxiety by changing thought patterns, was found to be as effective as medication and cognitive therapy for children.
A study found that First Nations children and those from families receiving government subsidies had significantly more visits to emergency departments for mental health crises. These visits were often due to anxiety- or stress-related disorders, emotional or behavioural issues from substance abuse, or unspecific diagnoses.
A new PET imaging technique using an amino acid probe can predict the effectiveness of brain cancer treatment as early as two weeks after initiation, without requiring invasive biopsies. This method provides vital information about the body's response to therapy and has shown promising results in patients with aggressive glioma tumors.
Research by Trinity College Dublin scientists establishes a clear link between nanoparticles and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Exposure to nanoparticles can trigger the transformation of amino acids, leading to inflammation and tissue damage.
New research reveals the molecular basis of a bacterial effector protein called Cif, which manipulates host cell processes for infection and colonisation. The study identifies the structure of Cif bound to its target NEDD8, providing insights into pathogenesis and potential new tools for probing cellular functions.
Researchers in Japan have successfully generated a new liver system using hepatocyte cell transplantation. The study demonstrated the feasibility of propagating mouse hepatocytes by creating a vascularized platform and uniform hepatocyte sheets, leading to the functionality of the engineered liver system.
A new line of radioisotope therapy, Radium-223 chloride, has been shown to extend the lives of prostate cancer patients with advanced tumors that have spread to bone. The treatment has a short range of penetration and is usually well-tolerated, with serious side effects being rare.
Researchers develop new approach to designing antibiotics that target bacterial ribosomes without damaging hair cells, addressing ototoxicity. Apramycin shows promise against drug-resistant TB and other 'superbugs' without causing hearing loss.
A preclinical study found that normal p53, a tumor suppressor gene, makes breast cancer chemotherapy with doxorubicin less effective. Senescent cells produced by non-mutated p53 fueled the relapse of tumors. The research challenges the existing paradigm and is another step closer to personalized cancer medicine.
Research by Brown University ecologists finds that recreational fishing causes a trophic cascade, leading to the collapse of salt marshes along Cape Cod. The absence of top predators allows Sesarma crabs to overgraze, causing ecosystem decline.
Research finds that combining molecular imaging with computed tomography (CT) can reduce patient radiation dose. By using just one CT scan for multiple PET studies, researchers lower radiation exposure and improve image quality.
A team of researchers identified a unique set of cells at the squamocolumnar junction that express biomarkers found in all forms of invasive cervical cancers linked to HPV. These cells do not regenerate when excised, which has significant implications for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cervical cancer.
A new MIT study examines how chronic inflammation can lead to cancer. The researchers found that the liver and colon respond differently to infection, with neutrophils secreting hypochlorous acid damaging proteins and DNA in the colon. The study could help predict the risk of chronic inflammation and develop ways to halt it.
A new econometrics study shows that bank robberies yield modest proceeds, often lower than the cost of security devices. The average UK bank robbery generates £20,331, while US robberies yield $4,330. Firearms presence increases rewards, but also raises costs.
A study of 17 studies from seven countries found that smoking increases relative mortality by 83% for current smokers and 34% for former smokers. Quitting smoking at an older age is associated with a reduced risk of death, even after a longer follow-up period.
A recent study found that people prioritize features like fuel efficiency and time-saving over reduced smoke emissions when considering new cookstoves. The researchers suggest that health education and social marketing approaches may not be effective in changing user behavior.