A recent study by Marisa Censani found that over half of adolescents undergoing evaluation for weight-loss surgery were vitamin D deficient, with severe deficiencies present in 8% of patients. African Americans were most likely to have a deficiency, while Caucasians had the lowest rate.
A study found that over 70% of preschool children with food allergies experienced significant reactions, while caregivers administered epinephrine only 30% of the time. The researchers highlight the need for increased vigilance and education on treating food allergies.
The Electronic Data Methods (EDM) Forum aims to develop innovative strategies for addressing challenges in traditional research studies and data sources. Researchers share lessons learned from eleven projects funded by the U.S. Agency for Health Research and Quality, focusing on using electronic clinical data to improve patient outcomes.
A new research project investigates the link between chronic stress and Alzheimer's disease development. The study aims to understand how stress may become a risk factor for developing dementia, with the goal of finding ways to intervene with psychological or drug-based treatments.
Yan Wang's new flow battery design has a 10-fold increase in energy density and 2.5 times the power density of conventional batteries, making it safer and more cost-effective. The technology will help address renewable energy's Achilles heel by storing and retrieving energy.
Researchers at Tufts University found that female fireflies prefer males with larger nuptial gifts after mating, leading to higher reproductive success. This discovery challenges the conventional view that flash duration is the primary cue for female choice in firefly courtship.
A study in Nature Medicine reveals that boosting a protein pathway in the body's blood-making system can protect against radiation poisoning. The researchers found that pharmacologic enhancement of the Thbd-aPC pathway can accelerate recovery of hematopoietic progenitor cell activity and reduce harmful effects in mice.
Scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have created cells that mimic the blood-brain barrier, a filter that separates the brain from circulating blood. These cells hold promise for streamline drug discovery and modeling neurological diseases.
Researchers will test the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management course on 80 primary school teachers in Devon, Plymouth, and Torbay. The study aims to improve pupil socio-emotional well-being, academic attainment, and teacher emotional well-being, with potential cost-savings for educational support and mental health services.
A new study projects significant sea-level rise of up to 3.5 metres even at relatively low levels of global warming, highlighting the need for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. Limiting warming to below 1.5 degrees Celsius could halve sea-level rise by 2300.
Researchers used deep brain stimulation to treat binge eating in mice and found a significant reduction in consumption of high-fat food. The study suggests that deep brain stimulation may be an effective therapy for obesity by modulating activity of neurons expressing the type 2 dopamine receptor.
Researchers found that stimulating a musical tune during slow-wave sleep improved memory for complex skills. Participants made fewer errors when pressed keys to produce the melody presented while they slept compared to the other melody. The study opens doors for future studies on sleep-based memory processing.
Researchers at Pitt's Swanson School of Engineering and School of Medicine have developed a cell-free, biodegradable artery graft that regenerates an artery in situ within 90 days. The graft's porosity allows for immediate cell infiltration, leading to strong and compliant new arteries.
Researchers found that male blue tits make fewer hunting trips to feed their brood if their mates have UV-reflecting crowns smeared with chemicals. However, they continue to protect and defend their chicks equally well as males with non-UV-treated females.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience found that neurons controlling hunger are also linked to cocaine addiction, contradicting the common assumption that food is a type of drug of abuse. The researchers discovered that mice with decreased interest in food showed increased interest in novelty-seeking and cocaine.
The new drug dabrafenib has shown significant improvements in progression-free survival for patients with BRAF mutation-positive melanoma, with an average of 5.1 months compared to 2.7 months with existing treatment dacarbazine. The results also suggest that dabrafenib may have fewer severe side effects than other BRAF inhibitors.
Researchers identify marker of successful dieters, finding that a pre-diet leptin/ghrelin ratio can predict which individuals will maintain weight loss and who will not. The study shows that this ratio can be used to individualize weight-loss therapeutic programs, leading to improved obesity management.
A study published in JAMA found that community health centers with higher patient-centered medical home ratings had higher operating costs. The study analyzed data from 1,009 federally funded health centers and found that a 10-point higher total PCMH score was associated with a $2.26 higher operating cost per patient per month.
A review of recent research articles found that the South Asian summer monsoon is expected to experience more variability in rainfall due to climate change. However, regional projections for devastating droughts and floods remain uncertain due to inconsistent observations and complex thermodynamic processes.
Researchers have identified a set of viruses shared among individuals from different parts of the world, which target the gut microbiota. The study found that nearly 80% of these viruses are common to two or more individuals, suggesting a global reservoir of phages attacking our gut bacteria.
Researchers at Kyoto University's iCeMS have developed a process to create custom-designed porous coordination polymer architectures for high-efficiency, low-cost gas and liquid separation. The new method, called 'reverse fossilization,' transforms inorganic materials into organic structures with preserved shape and form.
Researchers found that sitagliptin improves the severity of reactive hypoglycemia by enhancing insulin secretion during meals. This study suggests a novel approach to treating this condition, currently with no medical therapy.
A new study reveals that gastric bypass surgery successfully cures Type 2 diabetes in 92% of obese patients, but the disease recovers in approximately 21% of them within three to five years after surgery.
Researchers identified de novo somatic mutations in three genes associated with hemimegalencephaly, a rare childhood disease. These findings suggest potential treatments targeting the known gene mutations could reduce or prevent radical surgery.
Scientists have created a material that is both magnetically and electrically polarized, paving the way for new applications. The unique property allows for strong magneto-electrical effects, making it an exciting discovery for future technologies.
Scientists have engineered a peptide inhibitor to target specific skin proteases, offering potential relief for people with conditions such as eczema and dermatitis. By modifying the binding surface of sunflower trypsin inhibitor, researchers created novel inhibitors that may help restore the skin's original state.
Researchers developed a new scoring system that identifies adolescents with the metabolic syndrome, increasing the chances of early intervention and preventive therapy. The system shows promise in diagnosing the condition in racial-ethnic groups, particularly male African Americans.
Researchers discovered that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) optimizes behavioral responses by predicting task difficulty. The study used a complex task to evaluate dACC function, revealing that the structure speeds up responses when difficulty levels are constant but slows down response time when faced with changing demands.
A new study finds that physical fitness significantly lowers the risk of death in diabetes patients with heart abnormality. Diabetic patients who were physically fit had a lower risk of death compared to those who were not physically fit, regardless of the presence or absence of left ventricle wall thickness.
Researchers successfully used exome sequencing to diagnose genetic diseases in patients with intellectual disability, blindness, deafness, movement disorders, cancer, and OXPHOS diseases. The technique was able to identify causative mutations in up to 20% of cases, offering a more efficient alternative to traditional Sanger sequencing.
Adults exposed to secondhand smoke have higher rates of Type 2 diabetes and obesity compared to nonsmokers. They also experienced insulin resistance, higher fasting blood glucose, and a higher body mass index.
A new study finds that patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) have higher per-patient operating costs, with additional expenses for personnel, technology, and quality improvement measures. The PCMH model aims to improve care quality and reduce wasteful spending, but its financial sustainability is threatened by these increased costs.
A clinical study published by The Endocrine Society reveals that over half of type 2 diabetes patients are aspirin resistant, increasing the risk of blood clots causing heart attacks and strokes.
A new study suggests that ghrelin increases the incentive for humans to eat high-calorie foods, even when already full. Rats without the ghrelin receptor gene ate less sweet treat after a meal compared to those with the intact gene.
A new study found that an experimental insulin drug, degludec, prevented low blood sugar among diabetic patients more frequently than a popular drug, glargine. Degludec caused 14% fewer low blood sugar incidents overall and 37% less at night compared to glargine.
Researchers used genome-wide array analysis to find that parents of affected children often have previously undetected genetic abnormalities. These abnormalities can increase the risk of having another affected child, and understanding them can help provide better genetic counseling.
A new experimental medication called enobosarm safely increases muscle strength and physical functioning among cancer patients with low testosterone levels. In a multi-center trial, enobosarm significantly improved physical function by 19% in men with low testosterone and by 13% in those with normal hormone levels.
A large analysis found that three widely used diabetes medications - glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride - are associated with a greater risk of death compared to metformin. These sulfonylureas were linked to a 50% increased risk of mortality, while glimepiride appeared to be safer in patients with heart disease.
A new study found that adding liraglutide to insulin therapy improves blood sugar control in obese adults with poorly controlled Type 1 diabetes. Patients also experienced significant weight loss and lower blood pressure.
A new study by The Endocrine Society found that a combination of diet-induced weight loss and frequent exercise almost doubled the improvement in insulin sensitivity compared to dieting alone. This suggests a distinct complementary effect of exercise on diet-induced weight loss, according to the study.
A study found that children conceived with fertility drugs were slightly shorter than their naturally conceived peers, but remained within the normal height range for their age and sex. The researchers also noted no significant differences in general physical health between the two groups.
A new study found that persistent and late-onset menopausal symptoms are associated with increased blood pressure, white blood cell count, glucose, and insulin levels, which are risk markers for heart disease and stroke.
A new study found that long-term testosterone treatment resulted in significant weight loss, with an average of 36 pounds lost over two years. Men also experienced a reduction in waist size, shedding nearly 3.5 inches around their midsection.
A new study finds that patients with hyperthyroidism are at a greater risk of hospitalization for heart and blood-vessel disease, even years after successful thyroid surgery. The risk is largely due to the disease itself, rather than treatment, and persists for up to two decades.
A new study found that declining testosterone levels in men are more likely caused by smoking behavior, obesity, and depression than aging. The study of over 1,500 men aged 35-80 showed that testosterone levels decreased less than 1% each year.
A large-scale study found that low DHEA-S levels are independently associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular-disease events. The results indicate that low DHEA-S may be protective or serve as a marker for poor general health, highlighting the need for further research to understand underlying mechanisms and potential benefits.
A new study presents promising results for an investigational parathyroid hormone replacement in treating hypoparathyroidism, a rare disorder marked by low calcium and high phosphate levels. The treatment effectively regulated calcium levels and reduced the need for additional vitamin D in over half of patients.
A new study found that even mild thyroid dysfunction during early pregnancy significantly increases the risk of serious complications, including miscarriage, stillbirth, and low birth weight. The study recommends universal screening for all pregnant women in the first trimester to prevent these complications.
A recent study has found that exposure to the fungicide tolylfluanid can induce insulin resistance in fat cells, providing new evidence of the link between environmental pollutants and diabetes. This discovery raises concerns about the potential health risks of using this chemical on farm crops.
Researchers found significant improvements in memory and thinking among cancer patients treated with GMCSF plus GCSF compared to those receiving GCSF alone. The study suggests that GMCSF may prevent or reverse cognitive decline in cancer patients, in addition to Alzheimer's patients.
Researchers will assess nine ecosystem services provided by grasslands before and after woody plant encroachment in Kansas and New Mexico. The study aims to understand the ecological, economic, and social consequences of this dramatic change.
Researchers used mathematical algorithms to determine that drivers should pay more attention during the shortest lifetime of spatio-temporal correlations of traffic intensity, found to be between 6pm and 8pm. This period experiences high 'stop and go' phenomena, requiring constant driver attention.
Researchers at Aarhus University have discovered a new immune alarm signal that triggers the human immune system before a virus attack. This knowledge may lead to more efficient vaccines and better treatment of recurrent infections, potentially reducing the risk of diseases like AIDS, hepatitis, influenza, and cold sores.
Scientists have discovered that zebrafish can only absorb cholesterol when fed a high-fat diet, and certain long-chain fatty acids enhance this process. The study sheds light on the complex biological mechanisms of cholesterol processing and its regulation by dietary fat.
Researchers demonstrate carbon nanotube-based integrated circuits that work under low supply voltages, producing less heat and extending Moore's Law. The results offer promise for increasing circuit density without overheating.
Notre Dame has established professorships in adult stem cell research thanks to a $5 million gift from the Gallagher family. The new positions aim to accelerate the discovery of treatments for degenerative diseases, such as Type 1 diabetes and Parkinson's disease, using non-embryonic stem cells.
A comprehensive review of 142 clinical trials found that strategies targeting patients and the healthcare system are effective in improving diabetes outcomes. Programs aimed at physicians were only successful for diabetics with poor health control, while patient-targeted interventions showed promise regardless of HbA1c levels.
A study published in PLoS One found that individuals with Williams syndrome exhibit abnormal hormonal responses to emotional triggers, particularly increased levels of oxytocin and arginine vasopressin. This may help understand human social behavior and inform treatment for related disorders.
A study by European Society of Human Genetics researchers identifies a crucial factor, CD36 fatty acid transporter protein, in suppressing response to VPA treatment. Monitoring blood for CD36 levels can help doctors determine response to treatment before starting therapy.
The University of Louisville Hospital has implemented new guidelines to guide perinatal nurses in caring for women at risk of postpartum depression (PPD). The guidelines, developed by a team led by M. Cynthia Logsdon, aim to improve PPD assessment, education, and referral policies.