New research from Durham University found that over half of mouth openings in fetuses were classified as yawns, suggesting a developmental process linked to fetal health. Yawning declined in frequency after 28 weeks gestation, potentially providing another indicator of the unborn baby's health.
A team of researchers at St. Michael's Hospital has discovered multiple ways kidney tumours can achieve the same result – namely, grow. By examining chromosomal changes, methylation, and gene expression, they identified specific regions where genetic alterations occur in kidney cancer.
Regorafenib has shown significant promise in treating bowel cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) after standard treatments fail. Patients receiving regorafenib experienced improved overall survival rates and delayed progression compared to placebo.
IRC researchers led by Dr. Frédéric Charron have made a significant discovery about the internal clock of nerve cells during embryonic development, which could lead to new tools for repairing and regenerating damaged nerve cells in the central nervous system.
Researchers discovered that a structure in yeast cells called the vacuole plays a critical role in aging and mitochondrial function. Calorie restriction was found to delay aging by boosting vacuolar acidity, which may have parallels in human cells.
A research team has identified genetic markers for the Bornean elephant using cutting-edge DNA sequencing methodology. The discovery opens new avenues for conserving other endangered species with limited genetic diversity. The study, published in PLOS ONE, marks a significant breakthrough in conservation efforts.
The study provides the first report of state-level COPD prevalence, revealing significant regional variations. Nationwide, 6% of non-institutionalized adults reported having COPD, with higher prevalence in select states.
A single type of neuron in Caenorhabditis elegans nerve cord encodes an entire sensorimotor loop, with feedback driving motion itself. The discovery reveals a sophisticated system allowing the worm to organize its movements through proprioceptive feedback.
Researchers identified groups of neurons that encode specific behavioral rules by oscillating in synchrony with each other. The study found that the nature of conscious thought may be rhythmic, and that disruptions in brain waves could contribute to neurological disorders such as schizophrenia.
Researchers found that children exposed to second-hand smoke in cars experience a significant increase in harmful pollutant levels, exceeding those found in restaurants and bars. This highlights the need for stricter regulations on smoking in vehicles carrying children.
A new study estimates that 54-60 million people worldwide suffer from traumatic brain injuries each year, with men and Maori people being disproportionately affected. The true annual incidence of mild TBI is substantially higher than previous WHO estimates, with rates highest in children and younger adults.
Researchers at the University of Warwick create a simple and inexpensive conductive plastic composite that can be used to produce electronic devices using low-cost 3D printers. The material enables users to lay down electronic tracks and sensors, allowing for the creation of touch-sensitive areas and custom-designed devices.
The US Coast Guard and USC's Viterbi School of Engineering developed the PROTECT system, which uses quantal response theory to model unpredictable adversary behavior. The system has been successfully deployed in Boston and is undergoing testing at New York, showing improved results over human-generated patrolling strategies.
The study reveals that early bird ancestors had more primitive wing designs, with simpler feathers that were different from those of modern birds. The researchers believe that these early wings may have worked effectively for gliding and high-speed flapping flight, but not for low-speed flight or ground takeoff.
Researchers from Durham University and industry partners are developing a new method to monitor carbon storage using muons from cosmic rays. The technology has the potential to reduce costs by hundreds of millions of pounds per annum.
Astronomers have discovered that dwarf planet Makemake lacks a significant atmosphere, revealing new insights into its composition. The study used observations of Makemake passing in front of a star to determine its size, density, and albedo, with findings comparable to dirty snow.
Research published in PLOS ONE found that dogs, like Gable the Border Collie, associate words with categories rather than shapes or textures, a difference from human learning processes. Dogs are able to identify objects of similar size by name, but not shape, suggesting a qualitative difference in word comprehension.
Researchers identified hundreds of regions in the human genome with unique chromatin structures that control cognitive behavior and expression. These findings provide new insights into diseases like Alzheimer's and autism.
Scientists have developed a way to create dynamic microtubes by synchronizing the movement of tiny Janus spheres. This process allows for the formation of intricate structures with potential applications in medicine and engineering.
Researchers have identified an enzyme used in nature to produce powerful chemicals from catnip, which could be used to create a more affordable and effective cancer treatment. The discovery also has potential applications in agriculture, as the enzyme's product can disrupt aphid breeding cycles or repel them from crops.
Reintroducing miR-200c to aggressive triple-negative breast cancer cells restores sensitivity to anoikis, causing the cells to self-destruct. This approach shows promise as a less toxic alternative to chemotherapy.
Researchers discovered changes in brain connectivity after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), which may lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of post-concussion syndrome. The study found decreased functional connectivity in the posterior network of the brain, correlated with neurocognitive dysfunction.
A study in mice found that abnormally high synthesis of neuroligins results in symptoms similar to those diagnosed in ASD. The researchers also discovered that compounds inhibiting protein synthesis or targeting neuroligins can rectify autism-like behaviors in adult mice.
A study identified a biomarker that can predict responses to cancer drugs and offers a way to treat drug-resistant tumors. The researchers discovered that inhibition of MED12, a gene mutated in cancers, causes drug resistance by enhancing signaling through the TGF-beta receptor.
Researchers found that parrots imitate unique calls to initiate conversations with specific individuals, responding more frequently and faster when mimicking an individual's call. In the wild, this ability helps orange-fronted conures communicate effectively in dynamic flocks.
Researchers have developed a novel methodology called NET-fMRI to map widespread neural networks activated by local events. The study reveals that short periods of recurrent ripples in the brain are closely associated with reproducible cortical activations and extensive activity suppression in other brain structures.
A study found that online information on 'designer vagina' procedures is often inaccurate and lacks standard terminology. Researchers call for clearer guidelines to improve standards and empower women to make informed choices.
A new study reveals that microbes beyond denitrifiers contribute to consuming nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas 300 times more potent than CO2. This discovery reconciles inconsistencies in nitrous oxide emission predictions and advances understanding of ecological controls on global emissions.
The Arthritis National Research Foundation (ANRF) and American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR) have collaborated to support research on the role of aging in the development of arthritis. The grant aims to expand our understanding of the connections between aging and arthritis, moving closer to effective treatments and cures.
A new study published in Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery found that computer-navigated total knee replacement had the same results as conventional procedures in terms of knee function, alignment, and durability. The study followed 520 patients for 10-12 years and found no significant differences between the two groups.
The study finds that Jewish-Israeli children of Holocaust survivors and Cambodian-Canadians reject the idea of inherited trauma, instead embracing their parents' memory as a source of empowerment. Cultural values and worldviews play a significant role in shaping responses to trauma.
Researchers at Emory University School of Medicine have identified a substance in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with primary hypersomnia, a disabling and poorly understood sleep disorder. Treatment with flumazenil has restored alertness in some patients, suggesting a potential new approach to therapy.
A study of 292 Brazilian women aged 45-72 found that daily step count is a strong predictor of health outcomes, with active women less likely to be obese or develop metabolic syndrome. The study supports the importance of incorporating physical activity into daily life for midlife women's overall health.
A Spanish study found that Telecinco's Sin tetas no hay paraíso is the most violent of five studied TV series, with a significant impact on aggressive behavior in youngsters. The show's portrayal of violence and aggression contributes to its detrimental effects, including learning and imitating negative behaviors.
A new targeted drug, regorafenib, has demonstrated its ability to control metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in patients who have become resistant to all existing therapies. The treatment improved disease control and survival rates for nearly four months longer than placebo.
Researchers have identified telomerase as a cause of chronic inflammation in human cancers, a key underlying factor for many diseases. Developing drugs to target this enzyme may lead to novel treatments that alleviate common ailments such as cancer and diabetes.
The American Gut project aims to characterize the microbes living in and on human bodies, with a focus on diet and lifestyle's impact on health. The public is encouraged to participate, and the study will analyze data from tens of thousands of individuals.
A study published in Cancer Discovery reveals that microRNAs can modify gene expression, converting normal fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts that promote tumor growth. The researchers identified three microRNAs involved in this process and found that inhibiting these signals could disrupt the cancer's support system.
The SustainValue project creates concrete tools for ensuring partners act sustainably. A networked approach helps develop comprehensive solutions rather than individual products. The project also establishes new indicators for assessing economic, social, and environmental impacts across entire networks of stakeholders.
Researchers developed reverse dynamization, which accelerates healing of large segmental bone defects by varying stiffness levels. This approach showed promising results in rat models, with improved bone mineral content and mechanical strength compared to traditional methods.
The European Commission awards the ESC nearly €500,000 to survey European CVD research funding landscape and identify gaps in funding. The CardioScape project will provide intelligence on where cardiovascular research funding is provided and make recommendations for future transnational research strategies.
A new strain of avian pox has been identified in British bird species, particularly affecting great tits. The disease causes severe growths that can prevent feeding and increase predation susceptibility, with survival rates significantly reduced.
A new study on bird-like dinosaurs reveals that feathers were initially developed for insulation before evolving into a more complex wing structure. The research, published in Current Biology, explores the early evolution of bird flight and how it relates to dinosaur forelimbs.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have discovered that coronary arteries form from cells in the ventricles, which can potentially be used to regenerate healthy vessels. This breakthrough could lead to more effective cardiac care and treatments for heart disease.
Researchers have identified a key pathway called the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) that helps tumor cells escape programmed cell death during lymphoma development. Inhibiting this pathway could lead to new blood cancer treatments.
Research teams at Baylor College of Medicine used cryo-electron tomography to study the effects of genetic mutations on rod sensory cilium architecture. The findings suggest that aberrant trafficking of proteins is responsible for photoreceptor degeneration, highlighting a new model for understanding ciliopathies.
Infants exhibit remarkable rapid growth in new skills every day, with research showing that early abilities can predict later developments. For example, studies found that processing speed in infancy significantly predicted working memory and shifting ability at age 11, while memory in infancy predicted shifting ability.
A new study by UBC researchers reveals that whales and dolphins require specific high-energy diets to survive, contradicting conventional wisdom. The study compared the diets of 11 species in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, finding differences in prey consumed and muscle performance.
Research using ultrasound scans distinguishes between yawns and simple mouth openings in fetuses, with more than half of all mouth openings being yawns at 24 weeks gestation. The study suggests that fetal yawning trends may be used to monitor healthy development, possibly related to brain maturation.
Researchers defined the structure of Cdc13, a key telomere maintenance protein in yeast, revealing how its mutations can disrupt telomere function and potentially lead to cancer. The study's findings may pave the way for novel anticancer therapies by targeting the OB2 region of Cdc13.
Researchers found that bracken ferns release minimal amounts of volatile compounds when attacked by herbivores. However, treatment with plant hormone jasmonic acid induces a response similar to flowering plants, releasing terpenoids.
A study by University of California, San Diego researchers describes markers and a model that quantify how aging occurs at the level of genes and molecules. The findings provide a way to determine a person's actual biological age from just a blood sample.
A rare rhino fossil, 9.2 million years old, has been discovered in Turkey, providing insight into the prehistoric Eastern Mediterranean region. The fossil, a skull with unusual features, is believed to have been 'cooked to death' in temperatures approaching 500°C.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool are leading a £1.5 million project to trial `immunoglobulin' in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The study aims to explore the potential benefits of this new treatment approach for people with severe chronic pain.
The new method reduces phosphorus levels by over 80% and saves energy and waste, producing significant cost savings for municipal wastewater treatment plants. Simultaneous precipitation eliminates the need for additional chemical treatments.
Research finds that male-dominated symposia have significantly fewer women presenters than those organized by women or mixed groups, despite primatology being a field with a significant history of female scientists. Women in the field tend to give more posters than talks, whereas men dominate talks.
A novel hybrid printer combines two low-cost fabrication techniques to create cartilage constructs with improved mechanical stability. The printer uses a combination of synthetic and natural materials, allowing for the growth of cells and development of structures typical of elastic cartilage.
Academics studied earliest theropod dinosaurs and found that feathers initially developed for insulation, evolving into display and camouflage features. This basic wing configuration has remained largely unchanged for 130 million years.
A consortium of researchers has developed a technology that uses common classes of flower to restore poisoned soils while producing nano-sized platinum and arsenic nanoparticles. The process can also be used to recover high-value materials such as fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and anti-oxidants.
Researchers tracked emperor penguin behavior near sea and found they spent 30% of their time at sea resting on ice, which may help avoid predators. The study's monitoring technique will aid in understanding the relationship between sea ice conditions and penguins' foraging habits