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Science News for October 29, 2012


Cocktail achieves superconducting boost

Scientists have synthesized a new material with promising superconducting transition temperatures of 44 Kelvins, improving upon traditional copper-based high-temperature superconductors. The material, LixFe2Se2(NH3)y, displays an intercalation of potassium or rubidium, achieving a superconducting temperature of 32K.

SourceSpringer·JournalThe European Physical Journal B·DateOct 29, 2012

Smoking causes asthma in second generation offspring

Researchers found that maternal smoking during pregnancy increases lung function issues in children and grandchildren due to increased levels of proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The effects are so long-lasting that stop-smoking education for expectant mothers is necessary.

SourceBMC (BioMed Central)·JournalBMC Medicine·DateOct 29, 2012

Overweight, obesity in adolescents linked with increased risk for end-stage renal disease over time

A nationwide population-based study found that adolescents' being overweight and obese during their teenage years are linked to a higher risk of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the following 25 years. Researchers also noted an increased risk for diabetic ESRD, with risks increasing six-fold and 19-fold among overweight and...

SourceJAMA Network·JournalArchives of Internal Medicine·DateOct 29, 2012

How silver turns people blue

Researchers at Brown University have discovered how ingesting too much silver leads to argyria, a rare condition where skin turns grayish-blue. The study shows that silver nanoparticles are broken down into silver salt in the stomach, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream and deposited in the skin.

SourceBrown University·JournalACS Nano·DateOct 29, 2012

No more tears from tears

A new quick-release medical tape minimizes skin tissue tearing upon removal, addressing a significant issue in neonatal care. The innovative three-layer design incorporates an anisotropic adhesive interface, allowing for strong adhesion and safe removal.

SourceBrigham and Women's Hospital·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateOct 29, 2012

Research provides new insights into dogs' natural feeding behavior and finds they target a daily dietary intake that is high in fat

A study by the WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition found that dogs regulate their macronutrient intake, preferring a fat-rich diet. The research also showed that some dogs consume more than twice as many calories as required when given excess food, highlighting the importance of responsible feeding measures.

SourceCNC (UK) Ltd.·JournalBehavioral Ecology·DateOct 29, 2012

Sport makes middle-aged people smarter

A Montreal Heart Institute study found that middle-aged people with increased cardiovascular risk showed significant improvements in cognitive functions after four months of high-intensity interval training. The participants' waist circumference and trunk fat mass decreased, while their VO2max and insulin sensitivity increased.

Canada's health costs for seniors rising slowly: Points way to Medicare solvency

A study published in Archives of Internal Medicine finds that per capita Medicare spending on the elderly has grown nearly three times faster in the US than in Canada since 1980. The authors attribute this difference to Canada's single-payer system, which includes fewer administrative costs and a greater emphasis on primary care.

SourcePhysicians for a National Health Program·JournalArchives of Internal Medicine·DateOct 29, 2012

Early autism intervention improves brain responses to social cues

An autism intervention program that emphasizes social interactions has been found to improve cognitive skills and brain responses to faces, a building block for social skills. The program improved attention and cognition brain activity to social stimuli, making the brain function patterns more similar to typical developing children.

SourceUniversity of Washington·JournalJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry·DateOct 29, 2012

Researchers identify genetic basis of cardiac, craniofacial birth defects

A group of researchers has identified four specific transcription factor genes that control processes related to heart and head muscle formation. This basic research will provide a road map to ultimately allow scientists to grow the cell types needed to repair such defects from stem cells generated from a person's own body.

SourceOregon State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateOct 29, 2012

A new approach to HIV vaccine development

A new approach to HIV vaccine development is underway, aiming to induce protective antibodies without increasing HIV-specific T helper cells. The project, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, seeks to build on earlier studies showing that certain antibodies can protect against HIV infection.

Community colleges more globally focused

A new study by Michigan State University finds that community colleges in the US have made significant strides in global workforce development since 2008, with 85% offering basic international business courses. The study also highlights the importance of investment in faculty and the growing demand for international business education.

Prostate cancer prognosis hope

Researchers have identified a new molecular marker, β2-syntrophin, which can help differentiate between low-risk and high-risk types of prostate cancer. This breakthrough discovery could lead to more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

SourceUniversity of Manchester·JournalNature Cell Biology·DateOct 29, 2012

Durability or bust

A Kansas State University-led research project is developing quality control tests for freeze-thaw durable concrete railroad ties. The team adds surfactants to the concrete to create pressure release valves, protecting it from damage.

Complementary and alternative therapy improved lives of arthritis patients

A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Nursing found that nearly a quarter of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis used complementary and alternative therapy (CAT) to manage their condition. The majority reported improvements in pain intensity, sleeping patterns, and activity levels after using CAT.

SourceWiley·JournalJournal of Clinical Nursing·DateOct 29, 2012

Enigmatic nematics

Researchers Aparna Baskaran and Cristina Marchetti found that a uniform nematic state can be disturbed by density fluctuations associated with an upward current of active particles. This phenomenon is self-regulating and universal.

SourceSpringer·JournalThe European Physical Journal E·DateOct 29, 2012

Mass extinction study provides lessons for modern world

Researchers found that pre-Cretaceous ecosystem changes and environmental factors led to more fragile communities in late Cretaceous North America. The study's findings suggest that human-made changes to modern ecosystems could worsen their ability to withstand disturbances, emphasizing the importance of understanding ecological function.

SourceUniversity of Chicago·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateOct 29, 2012