A new study led by researchers from UCLA School of Nursing found that nursing interventions and art messaging programs can significantly decrease substance abuse among homeless youths. The study revealed significant reductions in alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, and hallucinogen use.
Researchers found that men whose mothers had high blood pressure during pregnancy scored lower on thinking ability tests at age 69 and had a greater decline over time. The study also did not find an association between premature birth or the father's occupation.
Researchers at Penn developed a new mouse model of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a debilitating lung disease, that replicates the pathologic features of human disease. The study suggests that two readily available drugs, an antibiotic and a statin, may help treat and reverse symptoms.
The 15th Atlantic tropical depression, TD15, has formed in the central Atlantic Ocean, moving northwest at 15mph. It is expected to strengthen into Tropical Storm Oscar and move north and northeast before weakening due to hostile atmospheric conditions.
A study by Rice University researchers found that states without Certificate of Need regulations for open-heart surgery experienced a 4% decrease in average patient care costs. The deregulation led to increased competition among hospitals, driving up the quality of care and resulting in cost savings.
Researchers found that a memory training program improved memory performance, while a computer-based program called Insight improved both memory and information processing speed. The study suggests these programs may help alleviate symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and fatigue in breast cancer survivors.
Researchers found that women with multiple sclerosis who undergo assisted reproduction technology are at risk for increased disease activity. Sex hormones and reproductive hormones contribute to the regulation of immune responses in autoimmune diseases like MS.
The study found a significant increase in newborn mortality rates in Philadelphia after the closures, with rates rising from 5 deaths per 1,000 to 8 per 1,000. After 2000, the rates returned to pre-closure levels, but the outcomes did not improve over baseline.
A study of 398 men found that those whose mothers had high blood pressure during pregnancy scored lower on thinking ability tests at age 69 compared to those whose mothers did not have high blood pressure. This effect was strongest for math-related reasoning and persisted even after controlling for other factors.
USDA scientists are working to minimize the threat of Laurel wilt disease caused by the fungus Raffaelea lauricola, vectored by the redbay ambrosia beetle. Chemical attractants for beetle traps and fungicides to slow disease spread have been developed.
A study published in Archives of General Psychiatry found that highly hypnotizable individuals have greater activity in executive-control and salience networks, indicating a neural trait underlying hypnotizability. This advance enables scientists to better understand the mechanisms of hypnosis and its potential for clinical applications.
Scientists have discovered a promising approach to combatting Alzheimer's disease by countering neuroinflammation. A new compound has shown efficacy comparable to an existing medicine in relieving nerve inflammation and improving learning and memory.
Research published in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems suggests that automatic braking systems can significantly reduce injuries in rear-end collisions. The study found that the use of three systems - warning, assisted braking, and autonomous braking - may prevent up to 50% of serious injuries.
Researchers have determined that methane emissions in the Greenland ice sheet date back to Roman times, with a significant increase around 1800 due to industrialization. Today, more than half of methane emissions are man-made, primarily from agriculture and energy production.
Researchers have uncovered a rare fossil called Kulindroplax, the missing link between two mollusc groups, and modelled it in a 3D computer animation. The study provides unprecedented detail, enabling scientists to understand the relationship between aplacophorans and chitons.
Researchers have discovered dozens of new de novo genetic mutations that play a significant role in schizophrenia development. Many of these mutations were found to affect genes with higher expression during early-to-mid fetal development, highlighting the importance of both gene function and timing in determining risk.
A study published in Human Reproduction found that fear of treatment is a significant contributor to psychological stress in women undergoing fertility therapy. Women often experience anxiety, depression, anger, and low self-esteem due to infertility, which can negatively impact relationships with their partners.
Michigan State University has been awarded a $1.6 million grant from the USDA to support specialty crop yields and profit through improved pollination management. The five-year project aims to develop region- and crop-specific Integrated Crop Pollination approaches using honey bees, wild bees, and alternative managed bees.
Tropical Storm Gaemi is packing significant power in its central region and on one side of the storm. NASA satellite imagery shows a bright white area with higher, stronger thunderstorms around the center.
Rutgers receives funding for two projects: one to speed information retrieval from large databases and another to improve scientific literature search accuracy. The projects aim to extract useful information from massive collections of data, with potential applications in fields like physics, psychology, and medicine.
Scientists at Northwestern University have created a mouse model that replicates the human response in rheumatoid arthritis. The new prototype uses human stem cells implanted in mice, which showed authentic human reactions, paving the way for more accurate drug discovery and treatment options.
Observational research suggests that daily low-dose aspirin may protect the brain in elderly women at high risk of heart disease and stroke. The study found that women taking aspirin for five years showed less decline in cognitive ability than those not taking the drug.
A recent editorial highlights the importance of correct inhaler technique for asthma and respiratory conditions, as only a third of medication reaches the lungs when used incorrectly. Healthcare professionals also need training to effectively coach patients.
Researchers at Iowa State, Virginia Tech, and Stanford University aim to develop techniques for analyzing large-scale data analytics from high-throughput DNA sequencing. The project will utilize the NSF-funded HokieSpeed supercomputing instrument to improve genome analysis and identify mutations relevant to cancer.
Children's Mercy researchers developed STAT-Seq, a 50-hour whole genome sequencing approach, to diagnose critically ill infants. The technology could reduce hospitalization and costs by quickly identifying genetic diseases, with potential benefits for up to one-third of NICU patients.
Long-term survivors of hematopoietic cell transplants are at higher risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol compared to the general population. Exposure to pre-transplant chemotherapy and radiation, as well as transplant type, contribute to this increased risk.
Astronomers have found two smaller black holes in Messier 22 globular cluster, contradicting theoretical predictions of a single black hole. The discovery sheds new light on the environment in close clusters of hundreds of thousands of stars.
The study, which analyzed over 300 female twins, suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in the development of body dissatisfaction and thin ideal internalization. Environmental influences, such as exposure to media, also contribute to these issues.
The NSF invests nearly $15 million in new Big Data research projects to develop new tools and methods for extracting knowledge from large data sets. These grants aim to accelerate progress in science and engineering research and innovation.
A new study found that lactoferricin4-14, a milk protein, reduces colon cancer cell growth and DNA damage by prolonging the cell cycle and increasing DNA repair. This suggests that milk's cancer-preventive effects may be linked to its ability to promote DNA repair in normal cells.
Scientists have observed that chloroquine is once again effective in combating malaria parasites, particularly in Senegal and other African countries. This development could lead to more affordable treatment options for millions of people in Africa, with the current treatment costing twice as much as chloroquine.
A new test, Esophageal String Test (EST), uses a string that stretches through the esophagus to monitor eosinophilic esophagitis treatment. This non-invasive test can accurately diagnose EoE as effectively as endoscopy with biopsy, potentially reducing complications and improving patient care.
According to IU professor Mike Conway, the term 'anchor man' was coined for a game show and not Walter Cronkite. Research found that John Cameron Swayze was the first person referred to as 'anchor man' on NBC's quiz show 'Who Said That?' in October 1948.
A panel of 13 blood proteins has been identified as potential biomarkers for detecting malignant mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive form of lung cancer linked to asbestos exposure. The discovery could lead to the development of more accurate and less invasive diagnostic tests, improving patient outcomes.
Researchers are developing a set of solutions using high performance computing to address the challenges of big data in genome research. The BIGDATA toolbox will provide core techniques, parallel algorithms and software libraries to enable researchers to adapt parallel computing techniques to high-throughput DNA sequencing.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed advanced estimation algorithms that enable lithium-ion batteries to charge twice as fast and reduce energy consumption by 25%. The new technology allows for more efficient battery management, reducing costs and improving overall performance.
A 'quality-by-design' mindset could improve dietary supplement safety, as it did in the automotive industry. Manufacturers must verify plant identities and follow good manufacturing practices to ensure product accuracy.
A 2-year-old hominin child's skull fragment unearthed in Tanzania shows signs of anemia-induced porotic hyperostosis due to a diet lacking in meat. The discovery suggests that meat consumption became essential for proper functioning, leading to brain development and evolution.
Army surgeons have presented two studies highlighting the potential of a cancer vaccine in improving survival rates. The first study showed that breast cancer survivors who received a HER2 peptide vaccine had a higher likelihood of surviving disease-free compared to those without the treatment. In contrast, patients with Crohn's Diseas...
A study published in PLOS ONE found that manta rays are more likely to gather together under new or full moons and when wind speeds are lower. The researchers used a citizen science approach involving volunteer divers and tour operators to monitor manta ray behavior at Lady Elliott Island.
A study by University of Leicester researchers found that discrimination from managers has the largest impact on anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion among mental health workers. Meanwhile, discrimination from patients' visitors causes more distress than from patients themselves.
Scientists at USC have discovered a new type of drug that works by targeting Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) in ovarian cancer cells. The drug, PACMA31, has shown promise in reducing the number of doses needed and making it effective for patients with resistant cancer.
Researchers discovered microbial-dependent mechanisms that fuel cancer growth, exploiting immune cells and disrupting tissue homeostasis. Inhibiting inflammation may reduce cancer risk by up to 45%.
Computer scientists at Brown University have been awarded $1.5 million to develop new algorithms and statistical methods for analyzing large genomic datasets. The project aims to identify genetic mutations that drive cancer by comparing gene sequences of healthy tissue to those of cancerous tissue.
A $11.9 million NSF award supports a multi-institution research network on sustainable climate risk management strategies at Penn State and nine additional universities. The network aims to develop improved analysis frameworks, mentor diverse researchers, and inform climate-related risk management decisions.
A new model provides insight into the brief but violent lives of monogenetic volcanoes, shedding light on their explosive mechanisms. The research proposes that explosions occur simultaneously over a range of depths, contradicting previous theories.
A new intervention, Suicidal Teens Accessing Treatment after an ED Visit (STAT-ED), will be tested on 160 adolescents at risk of suicide. The study aims to reduce suicidal ideation and depression symptoms, while improving mental health treatment and follow-up care.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to analyze data from North American forests, finding that warmer climates accelerate leaf decay uniformly, while plant composition determines the range of rates. The study reveals surprising commonality among diverse leaf decay patterns, shedding light on global carbon flux and climate change.
Tropical Storm Maliksi had maximum sustained winds of 45 knots east of its center on Oct. 3, with cloud-top temperatures as cold as -63 Fahrenheit. The storm is forecast to weaken due to strong vertical wind shear and transition into an extra-tropical cyclone.
A simple test of eyelid sensitivity may help vision professionals evaluate one of the most common eye-related symptoms: dry eyes. Researchers found that increased lower lid sensitivity is related to hyperosmolarity of the tear film, suggesting a potential new approach to assessing tear osmolarity via lower lid sensitivity measures.
A new study finds that deforestation in snowy regions consistently causes more floods, both big and small. In mountainous areas, trees help control snowmelt, but without them, water flows faster, leading to a significant increase in flood frequency.
New studies report that robotic-assisted bladder procedures and minimally invasive colorectal operations can improve outcomes in older patients. Robotic-assisted bladder surgery, which was previously not offered to patients over 80, showed a seven-day hospital stay and only three complications within 90 days.
The study found that 91% of children currently diagnosed with a DSM-IV autism spectrum disorder would be diagnosed with ASD using DSM-V, suggesting that the new criteria will not exclude most children. DSM-5 has also been shown to have higher specificity than DSM-IV.
Two black holes, about 10 to 20 times heavier than the Sun, have been found in the globular cluster M22, a surprise discovery that challenges existing theories. The research, published in Nature, reveals that these smaller black holes are more common in globular clusters than previously thought.
Researchers at CAMH found that individuals with schizophrenia are more likely to die from heart attacks, with a 56% increased mortality rate after discharge. They also receive less life-saving cardiac care compared to those without schizophrenia.
The Maillard reaction, discovered by Louis-Camille Maillard in 1912, is a fundamental reaction in culinary chemistry that produces delicious flavors and colors. The reaction also has a dark side, producing potential carcinogens in certain foods.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that the generic drug mexiletine alleviates symptoms of nondystrophic myotonia, a rare muscle disease. Participants reported significant improvements in stiffness, pain, and everyday quality of life, with stiffness reduced by at least 40%.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that rhesus monkeys prefer a highly-valued food item alone to the same item paired with a lower-value item. This behavior is similar to what has been seen in human studies, where participants rated a highly-valued item more highly than one with multiple items of lesser value.
A new study links heavy caffeinated coffee consumption to an increased risk of developing exfoliation glaucoma, the leading cause of secondary glaucoma worldwide. Women with a family history of glaucoma are also at higher risk.
A recent study published in Psychological Science found that people tend to prefer the option they chose over the one they rejected, and this preference can last for years. The researchers used a vacation destination rating task to demonstrate this effect, which was only observed when participants made their own choices.
The University of Notre Dame has received a $599,931 EPA grant to develop early detection technology for invasive species using environmental DNA. The research will test the efficacy of this method across diverse groups of high-risk invasive species, including mussels, snails, crayfish, and plants.
A recent study reveals Ottawa's unique geology amplifies seismic waves, exceeding expected National Building Code of Canada values. The area has experienced moderate shaking from earthquakes, but some areas have higher ground motion than others during larger events.
A new fossil discovery provides evidence that simpler worm-like mollusks evolved from more complex shelled brethren, rather than the other way around. The find clarifies evolutionary relationships among mollusks, including oysters and mussels.
A study published in Annals of Behavioral Medicine found that gender-specific group therapy reduced depressive symptoms in women with Type 2 diabetes by half compared to usual care. The therapy program, SWEEP, taught participants how blood sugar affects emotions and helped them recognize stress signs.
A superabsorbent material can recover up to 5 gallons of crude oil per pound and is strong enough for collection and transportation. The material transforms an oil spill into a soft gel that can be converted back into refined oil, providing a cost-effective solution to reduce environmental impacts.
The CU Cancer Center is conducting a Phase I clinical trial of OMP-54F28, a drug that targets cancer stem cells and the Wnt signaling pathway. The trial aims to assess the safety and efficacy of the agent in patients with advanced solid tumor cancers.
Mothers who experience economic and psychological abuse are more likely to become depressed and spank their children in year five. The study found that controlling for demographic variables, mothers who experienced economic abuse were 1.9 times more likely to exhibit signs of depression than those who did not.
Scientists at Queen's University Belfast have developed a new technique using a cold plasma jet to kill bacteria in biofilms, making it effective against complex organised communities of bacteria. The approach has the potential to control hospital superbugs, including multidrug-resistant bacteria like MRSA.
Research by CSIRO scientists reveals a southward shift in the subtropical dry-zone is driving autumn rainfall decline across south-eastern Australia. The expansion also affects southern-coastal Chile and southern Africa, with some regions experiencing increased rainfall during April-May.
A 1.5-million-year-old skull fragment from Tanzania shows signs of anemia caused by a nutritional deficiency, suggesting regular meat consumption in early hominids was common. The discovery supports the idea that early human ancestors were hunters and had a physiology adapted to regular meat consumption.
Tropical Storm Nadine is expected to bring tropical storm conditions to the Azores on Oct. 3 and early Oct. 4, according to NASA data. The National Hurricane Center forecasts some weakening over the next two days, but Nadine will still be a tropical storm when it moves near or over the Azores.
The funding will support clinical trials of wireless biosensor systems and rapid pharmacogenomic diagnostic tests to track heart attacks and Type 1 diabetes. Scripps Digital Medicine aims to revolutionize healthcare with breakthrough technologies, including DNA sequencing tools.
A new species of plant-eating dwarf dinosaur, Pegomastax africanus, has been discovered in southern Africa. The species had a unique combination of features, including a short parrot-shaped beak and stabbing canines that were likely used for self-defense and competitive sparring.
A Michigan State University study found that genetic factors play a significant role in the development of thin-ideal internalization, with heritability at 43%. Environmental influences also contribute to the pressure, but non-shared factors have a greater impact.
New research findings show that rural colon cancer patients are more likely to receive late-stage diagnosis and inferior treatment, leading to poorer outcomes. Rural residents also have higher odds of dying from colon cancer than urban patients.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have discovered a promising treatment for Rett syndrome by reversing abnormalities in brain activity with an FDA-approved anesthesia drug, ketamine. This study provides new evidence that drug treatment can improve neurological function in individuals with Rett syndrome.
A home-based computer software, ClockMe System, allows adults to screen themselves for early signs of dementia. The system scores the participant's clock-drawing test and records the duration and timing of the test, providing valuable insight into thought processes.
The Autonomous Aerial Cargo Utility System (AACUS) aims to deliver supplies quickly and safely in hostile conditions using autonomous robotic helicopters. With a smartphone-like device, warfighters can control the aircraft's takeoff, flight, and landing.
A new study published in The Lancet found that widespread diabetes screening programs do not reduce overall mortality rates. The study, which included over 20,000 patients, also showed no significant difference in mortality rates between screened and non-screened groups.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have developed a new technology that can identify potential biomarkers for ulcerative colitis in animal models. The study focuses on protein arginine deiminases (PAD) and their role in diseases such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers at UT Dallas have successfully controlled the size of graphene nanopores, enabling potential low-cost DNA sequencing. The achievement could lead to improved disease diagnosis and treatment by allowing tailored drug development based on an individual's genetic code.
A recent study found that a newly proposed mental disorder diagnosis, attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS), may not be necessary due to overlap with existing conditions. Researchers evaluated 1,200 patients and found that APS did not identify a single patient who didn't meet the criteria for another existing diagnosis.
Transplant recipients and lymphoma patients are at higher risk of developing melanoma, which can be fatal if not detected early. They should be aware of their skin changes and consult a dermatologist regularly.