A new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center found that surgery significantly improves survival rates and functional outcomes for patients with advanced oral cavity cancer. In contrast, those who received chemotherapy after initial treatment had poorer results.
Researchers used a new ocean model to simulate the migration of eel larvae from the Sargasso Sea to Europe. The study found that small-scale ocean currents play a crucial role in determining eel population fluctuations and that eels return to specific locations within the Sargasso Sea where their mother spawned.
A study published in Infection and Immunity found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria persist on surfaces for far longer than previously thought, posing a risk of infection to individuals in settings like schools and healthcare facilities.
Researchers found that a small number of transplanted stem cells was sufficient to restore normal skin function without adverse side effects. The treatment resulted in long-term restoration of normal skin, even after 80 cycles of renewal.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have discovered that low oxygen conditions inside tumors trigger the production of proteins RhoA and ROCK1, enabling breast cancer cells to become mobile and invasive. High levels of these proteins are associated with poorer patient outcomes and increased tumor spread.
Sanford-Burnham researchers identify THRIL molecule that regulates immune response and associates with Kawasaki disease severity. THRIL may also contribute to other inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
A new study reveals that the high mortality rates in the US Central Southern states are most likely due to smoking. The study found that smoking behaviors account for a significant burden of smoking, with southern states maintaining high levels of smoking despite declining prevalence nationwide.
Researchers found that Rho kinase regulates rat hippocampal neurite growth and microtubule formation by redistributing vinculin. The study used the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 to reverse inhibitory effects of lysophosphatidic acid on neurite outgrowth.
Researchers have developed two compounds that disrupt an enzyme used by the parasite causing Chagas disease, showing greater cure rates than existing treatments. The new compounds have significant potential as a safe and effective treatment for this life-threatening illness.
New research by Dr Rob Jenkins and Christie Kerr uses high-resolution passport-style photographs to recover faces of bystanders from reflections in the eyes of photographic subjects. The recovered images can be identified accurately, even at low resolution, highlighting human face recognition's robustness.
A new study suggests that a history of concussion may be related to the buildup of Alzheimer's-associated plaques in the brain. In people with memory and thinking problems, higher levels of amyloid plaques were found compared to those without head trauma.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center identified BRD4 as a potential therapeutic target for MPNST, a rare and aggressive type of soft-tissue cancer. Inhibiting BRD4 caused cancer cells to die in a mouse model, providing new hope for patients with this incurable disease.
A new malaria vaccine candidate, Quadvax, has shown promise in overcoming major limitations of earlier designs. By combining AMA1 proteins from multiple strains, scientists have created a more broadly protective vaccine that elicits antibodies against both variable and conserved epitopes on the AMA1 protein.
A study published in Health Expectations identified key markers of compassion in doctor-patient conversations, including recognition of suffering, emotional resonance, and movement towards addressing suffering. The researchers aim to create a behavioral taxonomy that will guide medical training and education.
Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University have discovered that an antioxidant called MitoQ can significantly reverse a multiple sclerosis-like disease in mice. The treatment reduced inflammation, demyelination, and neurological disabilities, showing promise for treating MS.
Scientists have identified a genetic mechanism to increase crop yields by tweaking a 'hybrid vigor' gene in plants. By understanding how this gene affects flowering time and fruit production, researchers may be able to develop new strategies to improve agricultural productivity.
Researchers propose measures to tax CO2 emissions and cut labor taxes, reducing pollution and increasing economic activity. The study suggests environmental fiscal reform can benefit both the public system and the environment.
Scientists have developed a way to microscopically view battery electrodes in wet electrolytes, allowing for the study of the solid electrolyte interphase layer and its influence on battery performance. The new method, called an electrochemical liquid cell, provides more realistic conditions for studying battery materials.
An international group of investigators has discovered new genetic variations and cell types involved in inherited susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. The study provides a definitive list of major common genetic variation involved in the disease, leading to potential new therapies.
A comprehensive genomic analysis of cervical cancer identified recurrent genetic mutations, including one targeted by existing treatments for other cancers. The study also shed light on the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer development.
The agriculture and aquaculture industries' overuse of antibiotics is creating a global health crisis by promoting antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A new proposal suggests implementing user fees to reduce non-human use of antibiotics, encouraging more efficient farming practices.
A study published in Neural Regeneration Research found that substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide expression increased significantly in dorsal root ganglia after sciatic nerve injury, peaking at 7 days post-injury. This increase suggests these neuropeptides may serve as an index for evaluating early peripheral nerve injury.
Researchers have identified a new genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes, found to be more common in Latin Americans than other populations. The variant, SLC16A11, is associated with a 25% increased risk of diabetes and is linked to Neanderthal ancestry.
A large international study has identified new genetic loci associated with rheumatoid arthritis, shedding light on the disease's biology. The research demonstrates that integrating genetic data with existing biological information can lead to the discovery of potential drugs for treating the condition.
Researchers have determined the molecular structure of a Tet family member from Naegleria gruberi, providing insights into its role in regulating gene expression and potential therapeutic targets for cancer. The study sheds light on how Tet enzymes interact with DNA, enabling scientists to design drugs that manipulate them.
The International Conference on Airworthiness and Fatigue explored the importance of energy efficiency in aviation transport, focusing on mechanical, electrical, and chemical effects. Researchers emphasized the need for 'Multiscaling and Mesomechanics' to balance these effects and ensure system stability.
A recent study led by Boston University School of Medicine researchers found that diflunisal successfully reduced neurological decline and preserved quality of life in patients with familial transthyretin amyloidosis. This repurposed generic drug demonstrates an effective alternative to liver transplantation for this devastating disease.
Tropical Cyclone Bruce is experiencing strong effects of wind shear and cooling ocean waters, leading to its rapid weakening. The NASA Aqua satellite captured images of the storm on December 24, showing a low-level center exposed to outside winds and rapidly decaying.
Younger women with aggressive tumors and higher recurrence risks are less likely to receive radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery, according to a nationwide database analysis. Factors affecting non-compliance among younger women include family structures and region of residence.
A 2-year study found diflunisal reduced neurological impairment and preserved quality of life in familial amyloid polyneuropathy patients compared to placebo. The treatment showed potential benefit in a phase 1 study and is well-tolerated by patients.
A study published in JAMA Network found that prolonged exposure therapy significantly improved PTSD symptoms and depression in adolescent girls with a history of sexual abuse. The therapy was more effective than supportive counseling, with participants showing greater improvement in general functioning.
A recent meta-analysis suggests that antidepressants are not effective in treating bipolar disorder. The study found no significant difference in response rates or remission for patients using antidepressants compared to placebo.
A study found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) reduced headache frequency and disability in children with chronic migraine. CBT was more effective than headache education, with 86% of participants experiencing a 50% or greater reduction in headache days.
A six-year study found prolonged exposure-A to be more effective than supportive counseling in reducing PTSD and depression symptom severity in adolescent girls who have experienced sexual abuse. The therapy, modified for the developmental stage of adolescents, showed improved overall functioning and long-term benefits.
The proportion of opioid treatment programs offering on-site testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) decreased substantially between 2000 and 2011, despite guidelines recommending routine opt-out HIV testing. For-profit opioid treatment programs were more likely to experience this decline.
Activating P300 protein facilitates DNA repair in hippocampal neurons, potentially treating neurodegenerative disorders. Researchers propose novel object recognition tasks as a therapeutic complement to classical drug-based therapy.
A study published in Neural Regeneration Research found that Kinect-based virtual reality training can improve upper limb motor function in subacute stroke patients. The training also promotes brain reorganization, specifically targeting the contralateral sensorimotor cortex.
A study found that using antidepressant nortriptyline for 15 weeks did not improve symptoms of idiopathic gastroparesis. Researchers concluded that tricyclic antidepressants may not be an effective strategy for treating this disease.
In a study on banded mongooses, researchers found that older, dominant females kill entire litters if they did not contribute to them, but allow communal litters with their own young to survive. This coordination is crucial for the group's productivity.
Researchers identify underlying chronic medical conditions as a key factor in reducing hospital readmission rates. The study found that patients with comorbidities such as cancer, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease are at higher risk of potentially avoidable readmissions.
Researchers have discovered a novel approach to bridge the glial scar following chronic spinal cord injury using self-donated Schwann cells. This breakthrough enables regenerated and elongated brainstem axons to cross the bridge, potentially leading to improved hind limb movement in rats with spinal cord injury.
Research by Yi Dai and team found that allyl isothiocyanate activates transient receptor potential channel A1, leading to calcitonin gene-related peptide release in sensory neurons. Knockdown of this channel prevents calcitonin gene-related peptide release, supporting the role of transient receptor potential channel A1 in hyperalgesia.
Researchers have developed a technique combining cell transplantation and gene therapy to target BACE1, the key enzyme in amyloid beta protein production. This approach reduces Aβ protein production by downregulating the BACE1 gene, offering new therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer's disease.
A new analysis found that both real and sham acupuncture treatments alleviate side effects of breast cancer drugs, including hot flashes and joint/muscle pain. Women who received real acupuncture had a greater reduction in symptoms if they were African American.
A new analysis found that both real and sham acupuncture may help alleviate breast cancer drug side effects. Patients who received real acupuncture experienced less joint/muscle discomfort and menopausal symptoms compared to those receiving sham acupuncture.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that hospital-diagnosed maternal bacterial infections during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders in children. The study included 407 children with autism and 2,075 matched children who did not have autism.
A Stanford University School of Medicine study found that men with high testosterone levels have a weakened immune response to the flu vaccine, whereas women and men with lower testosterone levels have a stronger response. The study also discovered that testosterone interacts with genes in a way that dampens immune response.
The terraced fields of Zaballa were used for intensive vine cultivation in the 10th century, according to archaeologists. The study provides material evidence of early vine cultivation and highlights the importance of considering abandoned settlements as part of archaeological heritage.
A study by University of Arizona anthropologist David Raichlen found that human hunter-gatherers use a Lévy walk pattern while searching for food, similar to sharks and honeybees. The pattern involves short movements in one area followed by longer treks to another area.
The Henry M. Rowan Family Foundation is transforming engineering education at Rowan University with the establishment of a new doctoral program and the creation of the Henry Rowan Engineering Ph.D. Fellowship Program and the Henry Rowan Engineering Globalization Fellowship Program for Undergraduates.
A study found that a single change in the oxytocin receptor gene structure affects face memory skills, suggesting an important role of oxytocin in social information processing. This discovery may lead to new strategies for improving social cognition in disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
Children born to mothers who ate more nuts during pregnancy may have a lower risk of developing peanut or tree nut allergies. The study found that nonallergic mothers with the highest P/TN consumption had children with the lowest risk of P/TN allergy.
A new study by CU-Boulder found that trees with smoother bark can repel mountain pine beetles more effectively. The researchers tested how well the beetles could cling to different bark textures and found that only 21 of 22 beetles could stick to rough bark, while all fell off smooth bark in under a minute.
A new study published in the European Heart Journal found that coronary artery calcium screening is an accurate and personalized assessment for individuals at high or low risk of a heart attack or death from coronary artery disease. The study used data from almost 7,000 adult participants and showed that 15% of those considered at very...
A Tel Aviv University study analyzed allegations of child abuse, finding that children tend to accommodate physical abuse but fight or flee sexual abuse unless severe. The research may aid in prosecution and treatment, emphasizing the importance of understanding children's responses to abuse.
A Phase 2 trial found that inosine treatment successfully raised participants' urate levels without serious side effects. The study suggests that urate elevation may slow Parkinson disease progression and supports further investigation into its potential as a disease-modifying strategy.
The article discusses the use of unlicensed vaccine Bexsero to combat meningitis outbreaks in the US, as well as new guidelines for BRCA mutation screening in high-risk women. The American College of Physicians also explains how Medicaid expansion will benefit poor citizens and their physicians by increasing access to healthcare.
Scientists have found that charge-density waves destroy superconductivity at a maximum of minus 135 degrees Celsius. To develop high-temperature superconductors, researchers must search for substances not subject to these periodic fluctuations.
A new study found that nearly one in four healthcare workers' hands were contaminated with C. difficile spores after routine care of patients infected with the bacteria. Effective hand hygiene is crucial to prevent the spread of this highly contagious bacteria.
A new study from Boston Children's Hospital found that pregnant mothers who consumed peanuts during pregnancy had a lower risk of their children developing peanut allergies. The research suggests that early exposure to peanuts may actually increase tolerance and reduce the risk of childhood food allergy.