Researchers have created 'superomniphobic' surfaces that can resist a wide range of liquids, including both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. These surfaces will have numerous applications, such as stain-free clothing, spill-resistant protective wear, and corrosion-resistant coatings.
A study of over 800 twins found that genetic factors account for 73% of relationship problems in kindergarten through Grade 4. Identifying children at risk early on can help intervene and prevent chronic rejection or victimization, which can lead to academic, health, and mental health issues.
A new study reveals the European Jewish genome is a mosaic of Caucasus, European, and Semitic ancestries, supporting the Khazarian Hypothesis. The research challenges the long-held Rhineland Hypothesis, suggesting a complex multi-ethnical ancestry with a dominant Caucasus-Near Eastern signature.
The aft-optics subsystem of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has completed performance testing, marking a significant milestone in the telescope's integration and test activities. The successful completion of this testing demonstrates that the AOS can withstand the extreme temperatures and vibration environment of space.
A study found that four smartphone applications assessing melanoma risk had varying levels of accuracy, ranging from 6.8% to 98.1% sensitivity and 30.4% to 93.7% specificity. Many apps incorrectly classified most melanomas as non-concerning.
Researchers found that starting antiretroviral therapy within four months of estimated HIV-1 infection significantly improves restoration of CD4+ T-cell counts. The study used data from 468 patients followed in the San Diego Primary Infection Cohort, and recovery rates were observed to be higher for those initiating therapy early.
A new study aims to determine the prevalence of abnormal anal cytology and high-risk HPV among women with a history of cervical pre-cancer or cancer. The researcher hopes to gather basic information to design larger studies that will analyze sensitivity and specificity of anal cytology and HPV testing.
A NIH-funded study confirmed that some children who were accurately diagnosed with autism in early childhood can lose the symptoms and diagnosis as they grow older. The research team documented a small group of school-age children and young adults who no longer exhibit signs of the disorder, now comparable to their mainstream peers.
The study found that the Minoan civilization, known for its complex urban societies, had strong martial traditions and warrior culture. The research challenges the common view of Minoans as a peace-loving people, instead revealing war as a defining characteristic of their society.
Researchers investigate patterns of dysgraphia in participants with primary progressive aphasia, comparing them to those with stroke-related dysgraphia. They also explore nonverbal semantic processing in individuals with semantic aphasia and dementia, shedding light on brain-behavior relationships.
Research finds heightened activity in brain circuits for negative emotions and reduced activation of emotion-suppressing circuits in borderline personality disorder, with reduced frontal brain activity unique to the condition. The study suggests improved emotion regulation skills may be normalized after successful treatment.
Researchers found cancers with EGFR exon 20 insertions have similar clinical characteristics to those with common mutations but a poorer prognosis. Median survival was 16 months for these patients, shorter than those with other mutations.
A study of 13,000 adults in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, and Estonia found that plumbers and spray painters were at high risk of developing new-onset asthma due to workplace exposure. The study identified high-risk substances and occupations, highlighting the need for primary prevention measures.
Researchers found that Facebook status updates were significantly more memorable than sentences from books and faces. The study suggests that the casual, personal style of digital communication resonates with our hardwired memory abilities.
Researchers used fruit flies to model diet-induced type 2 diabetes, revealing a specific biochemical system linked to the condition. Blocking this pathway prevents some of the disease's negative effects on the heart, providing new avenues for therapy.
Researchers at SMU are analyzing social networks and isolation's role in fighting hunger in North Texas. The study aims to understand the causes of food insecurity beyond household economic resources.
The average global temperature in 2012 was 58.3 degrees Fahrenheit, 1.0 F warmer than the mid-20th century baseline, continuing a long-term trend of rising global temperatures.
Scientists study snow bunting populations in North America, revealing east-west migratory divide and mixed-data approach for tracking connectivity. The research supports the need for a versatile mix of data to assess habitat changes and climate change effects on breeding success.
Researchers have developed 61 new strains of genetically engineered bacteria that can boost the immune response to vaccines. The bacteria are designed to express endotoxin molecules in different configurations, creating a range of potential adjuvants for vaccine design.
Researchers compared the patterns of failure between stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), lobectomy, and pneumonectomy for patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. The results show comparable patterns of failure, but highlight the challenges in making such comparisons due to differences in patient and tumor-related factors.
A new study found that people's memory for Facebook posts is stronger than their memory for human faces or sentences from books. The researchers suggest that this is because online posts are in 'mind-ready' formats, which are spontaneous, unedited, and closer to natural speech.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the behavior of graphene grain boundaries, which scatter electrons and hinder electronic performance. The study suggests that controlling grain boundary orientation could be key to improving graphene's electronic properties.
A new study by Weill Cornell Medicine reveals that the accuracy of quality measures in electronic health records can vary widely. The researchers found that automated reports generally performed well but underestimated certain measures, such as asthma prescriptions and diabetes cholesterol control.
Recent research challenges the predominance of facial expressions as an indicator of emotions, suggesting that body language is a more accurate cue. In experiments, participants were more accurate in guessing emotions from body language alone or combined with facial expressions than from facial context alone.
A new international study finds that black carbon, a byproduct of smoke and smog, contributes twice as much to global warming as previously estimated. The research suggests that controlling emissions can deliver more immediate climate benefits than reducing carbon dioxide.
Researchers have identified a new genetic mutation in the ARHGEF28 gene that is present in all cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The protein arising from this gene appears to play a critical role in the disease, and understanding its function could lead to targeted therapies.
Researchers from the University of York and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya have made significant discoveries about novae, explosive events driven by nuclear processes. The study's findings improve our understanding of key nuclear reactions and the final abundance of radioactive isotopes involved in these explosions.
The U.S. Department of Energy's NREL has created the Buildings, Industry, Transportation, Electricity, and Transportation Scenarios (BITES) tool to help users understand the complex issues surrounding cleaner energy. Users can adjust inputs to explore 'what-if' scenarios and compare outcomes to baseline cases.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research finds that creative and skilled viewers can overturn and personalize commercial advertising meanings for family benefit. Researchers placed cameras in suburban homes to study viewer behavior during TV ad breaks, revealing the impact of family interaction on advertising response.
A study published in American Journal of Pathology found that tamoxifen can counteract some pathologic features in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Tamoxifen improved muscle force, diaphragm and cardiac structure, reducing fibrosis by up to 50%.
A recent study found that higher-quality Medicare Advantage plans are associated with increased likelihood of enrollment among beneficiaries. The research analyzed data from nearly 1.3 million Medicare beneficiaries and discovered that plans with higher star ratings had more enrollees, particularly those switching plans.
Tropical Storm Emang showed sinking air in its southwestern quadrant, weakening convection. The storm's low-level center became slightly elongated, hindering intensification, but forecasters expect improved atmospheric conditions to strengthen the storm.
A study of 78 Spanish footballers found variations in muscle contraction and recovery times depending on their field position. The rectus femoris muscle, which extends the knee, shows different characteristics for central defenders, midfielders, and goalkeepers.
Researchers have successfully treated Duchenne muscular dystrophy in dogs using gene therapy, reducing inflammation and improving muscle strength. The study, published in Molecular Therapy, provides a quantum leap forward in fighting this devastating disease, paving the way for future human clinical trials.
A new study by University of California, Merced, sociology professor Laura T. Hamilton found that students' GPAs decreased with increased financial support from their parents. Students with parental aid were more likely to complete college and earn a degree.
A recent study found that Success for All instruction had no positive or negative effect on reading achievement in grades 3 through 5, contrasting with earlier findings in kindergarten through grade 2. This suggests that alternative strategies may be needed to promote stronger impacts for older students.
Researchers discovered that the protein transport system in chloroplasts of higher plants evolved from a bacterial system, with Physcomitrella patens serving as an intermediate stage. The moss has both old and new components of the SRP system, guiding proteins to their place of work in the cell membrane.
A new study published in the Journal of Media Psychology found that sports fans enjoy watching athletic events with high drama and suspense, regardless of the outcome. The researchers discovered that viewers root for heroic athletes and against unfavorable ones, yet report enjoying the game despite the winner.
The African Partnership for Chronic Disease Research will collect detailed health and disease information from over 24,000 individuals across 10 countries. This will provide a unique framework for researchers in these countries and enable the development of long-term strategies for disease control and management.
Scientists have developed a flexible, nanoscale material that can deliver precise doses of drugs to specific targets in the body. The new technology, called a 'bed of nails', uses aligned carbon nanofibers embedded in an elastic membrane to pierce cell walls and release medication.
Climate change is projected to place the endemic Haleakalā silversword species at risk of extinction due to increasing water stress and lethal conditions. The plant's recovery from early threats has stalled, with annual population growth rates linked to precipitation patterns and warmer-drier climate trends.
Researchers at University College London have developed a method to render carbon nanotubes safe for use in biomedical applications. By chemically modifying and shortening the nanotubes, they can eliminate their toxic properties and make them suitable for direct transport into cells.
A new study found high levels of antibiotic resistance in ornamental fish, with some species showing up to 77% resistance to certain antibiotics. The risk to humans is generally minor, but transmission from tropical fish has been documented and poses a concern for those with compromised immune systems.
Researchers found that choline supplementation during pregnancy and early infancy inhibited the response to repeated sounds, a trait commonly seen in schizophrenia patients. The study suggests choline may be a new approach to schizophrenia prevention.
The NIH has launched a collaborative effort to find biomarkers for Parkinson's disease, which could help predict, diagnose, or monitor the condition. Researchers are exploring various approaches, including non-invasive imaging and protein analysis, to identify potential biomarkers that could improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers will explore novel solutions for efficient spectrum sharing and develop cooperative sharing methods for DoD and Navy's cognitive radio ad hoc networks. The projects aim to achieve transparent coexistence and improved network performance, enabling greater spectrum efficiency and capacity.
The carob tree's antibacterial properties have been discovered to combat Listeria monocytogenes, a serious form of food poisoning. Extracts from the tree's leaves have shown promise in inhibiting bacterial growth, offering a potential natural solution to combat antibiotic-resistant superbugs.
Fashion bloggers succeed by providing taste leadership, attracting a mass audience and gaining social and economic resources. This study marks a shift in understanding consumer behavior online, highlighting the horizontal operation of taste and the accumulation of cultural capital.
Researchers at Université Laval have identified a molecule that stimulates the activity of the brain's immune cells, which could lead to a treatment and vaccine for Alzheimer's disease. Weekly injections of MPL eliminated up to 80% of senile plaques in mice with Alzheimer's symptoms, improving cognitive function.
The federal government is investing in two national research projects led by SFU, one focusing on advanced materials science and the other on particle physics analysis, with potential commercial applications and global impact.
Researchers developed a virtual heart model to investigate atrial fibrillation, revealing electrical heterogeneity and fibre structure as key factors in the condition's initiation. The study provides new insights into the complex mechanisms underlying AF, paving the way for potential treatments.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that annual percent changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are more accurate for detecting aggressive prostate cancer than single measurements. The study analyzed nearly 220,000 men and found a moderate increase in PSA levels with age.
A study found that invasive plant invasions can create 'extinction debts' in native plant species, leading to slow extinctions but delayed actual extinction events. Native plants are often relegated to marginal habitats unsuitable to their non-native competitors.
A study found that consumers feeling socially isolated are more likely to pursue riskier financial opportunities. This effect is mediated by the perceived instrumentality of money, as excluded consumers seek to value money as an alternative means to secure their desired outcomes.
A workshop with 15 European colleagues identified 50 most important questions for conserving biodiversity in the Alps. These questions focus on nature, management, and people, highlighting the importance of transdisciplinary work in addressing environmental problems.
A five-year Canadian mentoring study found that mentored children are more confident in their academic abilities, display fewer behavioral problems, and have better mental health outcomes. The study's key findings show that girls with a Big Sister are less likely to bully or exhibit negative behaviors.
A recent study from Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy has found that Mexico's violent drug cartels have failed due to prohibition, and that shifting the government's approach from a war mindset to crime fighting is crucial. The report recommends strengthening civil service, law enforcement, and judicial systems to pre...
NREL's Silicon Photovoltaic Wafer Screening System uses thermal stress to identify weak wafers that are prone to breaking during manufacturing. The system can be retrofitted into assembly lines and has already shown potential for reducing production costs and increasing efficiency.
Researchers developed a new gene therapy approach called exon skipping, which bypasses disease-causing mutations in genes to restore normal expression and protein production. This strategy has shown promising results in treating muscular dystrophy, with improved muscle force and increased body weight and muscle mass.
A recent study by IASLC found that EGFR mutations do not serve as a prognostic factor in NSCLC patients. Instead, smoking status appears to be the most significant predictor of overall survival. The researchers also discovered that administering EGFR TKI can prolong survival after disease recurrence.