Key findings include the potential for affordable bridge therapy, a potential solution for those on ART developing aging-related diseases, and a possible clearing of the latent reservoir that could contribute to a cure. A vaccine is also being explored, with promising avenues including monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibodies.
New research suggests that normal glucose regulation depends on a partnership between the pancreas and brain areas regulating blood sugar levels. The brain-centered system enhances insulin-mediated glucose metabolism while stimulating glucose effectiveness, accounting for nearly half of normal glucose uptake.
Researchers have developed an algorithmic approach to analyzing breast cancer screening data, enabling more precise detection of malignant tumors. The machine learning method reduces false positives and unnecessary interventions, improving patient outcomes.
A study published in PLOS Medicine suggests that syphilis screening and treatment in pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa could be a cost-effective use of resources, preventing up to 25,000 newborn deaths and 64,000 stillbirths each year. The intervention could also prevent 2.6 million DALYs annually.
Researchers will design and test kites that harness ocean currents and tidal flows to generate electricity, potentially offering advantages over stationary marine turbines. The project aims to develop a more efficient and cost-effective way to tap into the vast kinetic energy of the oceans.
A study by Hospital for Special Surgery found that an exercise program for Asian seniors with arthritis reduced pain, improved mobility, and enhanced overall health. The program, which consisted of chair-based exercises and yoga, helped participants decrease musculoskeletal pain, stiffness, and fatigue.
Researchers at Temple University have discovered that inhibiting a specific protein called TNNI3K can limit damage from heart attacks and protect the heart from further injury. The findings have significant potential for translation into human patients and could lead to the development of a new treatment using a TNNI3K inhibitor.
Researchers discover that desert plants use hydraulic lift to acquire nutrients in dry conditions, supporting plant productivity and seed set. The system relies on tiny amounts of water released from plant roots into dry soil at night.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed new technologies to improve tiny engines, analyze vast amounts of information, and boost hybrid electric vehicles. Transient doping has been successfully achieved using only electrons, while a new inverter design reduces battery losses and improves efficiency.
Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences found that electrical stimulation with a reversed polarity can effectively modulate injury potentials and promote the spontaneous repair of cell membranes in rats with spinal cord injuries. This study proposes a method to define stimulation intensity based on injury potential values.
A recent study found that men using testosterone therapy have a 29% higher risk of death, heart attack, and stroke compared to those not using the treatment. The study, which analyzed data from over 8,000 patients, highlights the need for caution when prescribing testosterone therapy.
Scientists have developed a 3D filming technique that helps researchers understand how malaria parasites mate and spread the disease. The unique motion of malaria sperm, moving in an irregular corkscrew motion, has revealed new insights into prevention and control methods.
A new study reveals that carbon storage in re-growing tropical forests recovers faster than plant biodiversity following major disturbances. Despite this, even after 80 years, these forests tend to have less carbon than old-growth forests due to the dominance of small, fast-growing trees.
Researchers discovered that locusts use a unique mechanism to process sound, with energy density amplified as waves travel across the eardrum. This phenomenon could lead to practical possibilities for tiny microphones and signal processing.
Researchers found a strong correlation between the number of Hurricane Sandy-related photos on Flickr and atmospheric pressure in New Jersey. The study suggests that online indicators like Flickr photos could help measure disaster impact.
Researchers have gained new insights into tissue cryo-injury mechanisms, revealing that gap junctions are not the primary pathway for ice crystal propagation between cells. Intercellular connections also play a significant role in cell crystallization during freezing.
A study found that targeted communication strategies did not improve mental health outcomes in patients with depression. The interventions increased patient engagement and requests for information about depression, but failed to improve symptoms at a 12-week follow-up.
A study found considerable gender, racial, and sexuality differences in attitudes toward bisexuality, with women, white people, and those identifying as lesbian or bisexual showing less bias. The research highlights the need for social marketing interventions to reduce stigma and improve HIV prevention rates within the bisexual community
Research led by ANU Vice-Chancellor Professor Ian Young uses satellite data to track wave decay and develop a mathematical formula for predicting swell action. The study provides comprehensive data on the rate of decay, which will increase the accuracy of wave predictions for industries such as shipping and surfing.
A study led by Temple University School of Medicine reveals that beta-blockers and nitrates may help the failing heart by blocking enzyme GRK2, which can trigger heart cell death. This finding suggests new drugs aimed at GRK2 could protect the heart from progressive disease.
A new aluminum-based alloy has been successfully synthesized, enabling safe and efficient hydrogen storage for fuel cell vehicles. Researchers achieved the goal of creating a simple-structured aluminum-based interstitial alloy through extreme pressure and high temperature conditions.
A new London NERC Doctoral Training Partnership will train next generation of environmental scientists, tackling global challenges with £100m investment. Royal Holloway University and partners will collaborate to provide necessary skills and training for academia and industry.
Researchers have developed a new smart-foam technology that can measure helmet impact and detect concussions in real-time. The piezoelectric foam is embedded in football helmets and generates electrical signals when compressed, providing coaches and trainers with instant data on player safety.
Research by Penn State University found that male fence lizards prefer females with less vibrant blue markings, suggesting an evolutionary advantage. These females laid smaller clutches and their offspring hatched later, potentially providing a survival edge.
A recent Canadian study found that transgender patients often avoid emergency department care due to perceptions of discrimination or poor treatment. Nearly three-quarters of those who needed care were able to access it in the ER, but nearly half reported negative experiences related to their trans status.
A new Clinical Practice Guideline recommends that all pregnant women with no prior diagnosis of diabetes be tested for the condition at their first prenatal visit. Early detection can help prevent complications and ensure a healthy pregnancy. The guideline also provides recommendations for testing, treatment, and follow-up care for wom...
Scientists have identified Lactobacillus brevis from a traditional Japanese pickle as having protective effects against influenza virus infection in mice. The bacteria's unique properties, including exopolysaccharides, are thought to enhance immune system function and eradicate virus-infected cells.
A new drug combination therapy developed at Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center effectively killed various types of cancer cells while having little effect on noncancerous cells. The results lay the foundation for a future phase 1 clinical trial to test the safety of the therapy in patients.
Researchers have developed a method to drastically reduce the dose of Amphotericin B used to treat leishmaniasis, a disease affecting over 12 million people worldwide. The new approach improves efficacy by 83%, reduces toxicity, and significantly shortens treatment duration.
Research shows that chronic stress alters gene expression in immune cells, making them pro-inflammatory and prone to excessive inflammation. This can lead to various health issues, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity.
A new study suggests that early life stress can lead to increased sensitivity to pain in adulthood, particularly if followed by later stress exposure. The study found that rats subjected to early-life maternal neglect showed enhanced muscle pain in response to mild stress as adults.
A new study published in mBio found that transferring gut microbes from mice with colon tumors increased the risk of tumors in germ-free mice. The research indicates that inflammation and interactions between gut microbiota play a critical role in tumor formation.
Research by Tel Aviv University researchers shows that torture survivors experience diminished pain inhibition and heightened pain excitation, leading to dysfunctional pain regulation. Non-physical forms of torture, such as psychological oppression and humiliation, may also contribute to chronic pain and poor pain regulation.
A study found that testosterone therapy was associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes, including death, heart attack, or ischemic stroke, in men who underwent coronary angiography. The use of testosterone therapy was also linked to an increased risk of these events even among patients without underlying coronary artery disease.
Researchers found that Prevotella copri was more abundant in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis than healthy individuals or those with chronic, treated rheumatoid arthritis. The study suggests a possible link between the growth of this intestinal bacteria and the onset of autoimmune attacks on the joints.
A recent study published in the Journal of Neuroscience found that older adults who took music lessons as children have a faster brain response to a speech sound than those who never played an instrument. The study suggests that early musical training has a lasting, positive effect on how the brain processes sound.
A new combination pill of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir has been shown to be highly effective in treating genotype 1 hepatitis C, even in patients with cirrhosis or previous treatment failure. The study found a sustained virological response rate of nearly 97%, offering new hope for patients with currently untreatable virus.
The American Journal of Public Health special issue examines the complexities of including minority populations in research, discussing topics such as recruitment, community engagement, and training. Guest editors aim to shift the approach towards a more inclusive and protective research enterprise.
Researchers have identified areas in Antarctica where ancient ice cores could hold records of the past 1.5 million years, shedding light on Earth's climate history. The identified regions are near major domes in East Antarctica, offering a chance to drill into an ice core extending back that far.
Researchers found that pigeons can use changes in volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere to determine their direction and find their way home. By analyzing these chemical changes, pigeons can associate specific smells with particular wind directions, allowing them to navigate back to their lofts.
A study published in PLOS Medicine estimates depression as the second leading cause of global disability burden, ranking first in Central America and Southeast Asia. Disability from depression affects mostly people in their working years, with women more than men.
A NASA-funded project at UTSA aims to develop a 'lab on a robot' prototype that can analyze planetary composition without human exposure. The fourth prototype will utilize wireless technology and a chemical sensor to determine sample composition in minutes.
Researchers found autoantibodies in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome 18-7 years before symptoms appeared. The study's results suggest that autoantibody profiling may help identify individuals at risk of autoimmune disease years before symptom onset.
The researchers modified a Baxter robot to learn from humans and make adjustments while an action is in progress. The robot can associate different trajectories with each type of object and generalize its learning.
Scientists create a virtual reality environment to study how rats navigate and anticipate rewards. The results show that rats prefer to use visual cues for navigation, while their legs work in harmony with their anticipation of food. In contrast, auditory cues alone lead to confusion and random movement.
A three-day meeting of international experts highlighted the need for countries to develop relevant expertise in assessing biodiversity and ecosystem services. The UN's new IPBES platform aims to strengthen national capacities in this area, crucial for informed policy decisions.
Research suggests that fibromyalgia is associated with disrupted brain signals for reward and punishment, contributing to hyperalgesia. Fibromyalgia patients exhibit altered brain responses to pain anticipation and relief, which may explain the heightened sensitivity to pain and lack of effectiveness of pain medications.
A new study from Cornell University proposes that clay hydrogel could have confined and protected chemical processes that formed proteins, DNA, and eventually living cells. Researchers demonstrated protein synthesis in a clay hydrogel, which enhances protein production and offers a promising possibility for producing large quantities o...
A new study by Indiana University researchers found that access to healthcare in counties with more dentists and pharmacists is associated with higher rates of opioid abuse. The study concludes that the structure of local healthcare systems plays a key role in determining community-level access to opioids.
Researchers in China are exploring a method to extract uranium from seawater, a potential solution to ensure reliable supplies of the fuel. Despite the challenge of extracting uranium from seawater at economic viability, progress has been made, including successful experiments by Japan and the US.
A new study from the University of Iowa found that affluent girls in two-parent homes are less likely to be sexually assaulted. The research revealed a decline in risk once family income reaches 400% of the poverty threshold, with girls aged 4-17 experiencing a significant reduction in assault risk.
A study by Penn State researchers found that US citizenship increases a woman's likelihood of receiving mammograms and cancer tests. Foreign-born non-citizens have significantly lower odds of being screened for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers compared to U.S.-born citizens.
A recent study published in PLOS Biology reveals that a majority of rhythmic proteins are produced during two intervals of the circadian cycle, with proteins required for metabolism showing peak production during the day and those required for cell growth at night. This discovery provides new insights into the regulation of protein pro...
A University of Michigan researcher is using neurogenetics and behavioral studies to understand the development and treatment of antisocial behavior in boys. The study found that environment, including social support, moderates the link between over-reactive amygdala responses and anxious behavior.
Ecuador laurel trees support more scale insects, which produce honeydew for Azteca ants, boosting their numbers and defending the foliage. The tree-ant mutualism is stronger under resource-poor conditions, with trees paying carbon to ants in exchange for guard duty.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology develop a single-atom light switch that can redirect light between two fibre optic cables. The system utilizes a Rubidium atom to act as a switch, allowing for the manipulation of light and enabling quantum phenomena for information and communication technology.
Researchers have found that miR-137 is downregulated in the brains and peripheral blood of post-stroke depression patients. Injection of a miR-137 antagonist into the brain ventricles of post-stroke depression rats improved behavioral changes, suggesting that miR-137 suppresses Grin2A protein expression through binding to its mRNA.
A Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center-led study has found a link between two organochlorine pesticides and an increased risk of endometriosis. Women with higher exposures to these pesticides had a 30- to 70-percent increase in endometriosis risk, according to the study.
A new multi-terminal multi-junction architecture for inexpensive PV electricity generation has been proposed by Clemson University researchers. This design aims to exceed current efficiency limitations of 25% using silicon solar cells and thin-film materials abundant in Earth's crust.
A study by Griffith University found that smart water meters can reduce post-meter water loss in households by up to 91% by identifying leaks and repairing them. The project identified 4% of households with suspected leaks, leading to cost savings for customers.