Researchers from NIST and JQI have developed a silicon device that can efficiently transport photons, which could lead to significant improvements in computer efficiency. The device uses a novel arrangement of rings to guide photons along the edge of an array, enabling it to function even if some rings are defective.
A new study finds that Open Access (OA) publishing has a tempered impact on scholarship, driven by strategic commitment to maximize research productivity. In contrast, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have a more severe impact on teaching due to their standardized and homogenized content, sharpening existing political battle lines.
Scientists at Brigham and Women's Hospital uncover a joint effort between the liver and muscle to maintain balanced fat production and burning. A phospholipid molecule acts as a signal molecule controlling this process. The study highlights the importance of coordinated changes in organs like the liver and muscle in metabolic responses.
Two new centers will focus on building relationships with local health and social service professionals to support skill-building opportunities for personnel. The new centers aim to strengthen the services that improve the health of older people by improving the interface between practice and academia.
A 3-year-old Mississippi child born with HIV continues to show no signs of active infection 18 months after stopping treatment. The case suggests that prompt antiviral therapy may help infants clear the virus and achieve long-term remission, potentially paving the way for a sterilizing HIV cure.
The First-ever Information Systems Job Index reveals a healthy job market for college students majoring in information systems, with nearly three-quarters receiving at least one job offer. IS graduates have an average salary of $57,212 for bachelor's programs and $65,394 for master's programs.
A unique South African plant, Lithops, has been found to adapt to extreme conditions by optimizing its photosynthesis and water loss. Researchers discovered local differences in surface adaptations and physiological mechanisms that allow the plant to thrive in dry environments.
Large areas of vinyl flooring in daycares and schools are found to contain phthalates, which have been linked to reproductive and developmental problems. The study uses X-ray fluorescence analysis to verify the presence of these chemicals and highlights the need for further research on their indoor exposure.
The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus received a $48.4 million grant to expand clinical and translational research, increase workforce capacity, and promote community engagement. The grant will support the development of new infrastructure, informatics capabilities, and innovative research strategies.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum have identified two opposing regulatory circuits that determine the fate of protein import receptor Pex18. The receptor's control is calibrated precisely by distinct ubiquitination cascades, which regulate its recycling or degradation.
A study published in the Journal of AAPOS found that adalimumab significantly improved anterior/posterior chamber inflammatory activity in 85.7% of pediatric patients with refractory uveitis. The biologic agent was effective in reducing inflammation and showed a reasonable side effect profile.
Children with attention problems in first grade perform significantly lower on reading achievement scores after fifth grade compared to their peers. In contrast, second-grade attention issues have little impact on later academic performance.
New research reveals that African buffalo are a key source of the SAT 2 virus responsible for foot and mouth disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The study shows that the virus can spread over relatively short distances through infected hosts, highlighting the importance of genetic tracking for predicting future outbreaks.
Typhoon Lekima's rainfall rates were found to be heavy, with rates over 2 inches per hour north and east of the center. The typhoon is forecast to continue on a northwesterly track before making a turn to the northeast as it reaches the island of Iwo To.
Researchers developed a new model to measure changes in air flow patterns affecting wind turbines' output power. The study found that energy can be transferred to wind turbines from both above and below the blades, expanding our understanding of wind turbine performance.
A 30-year-old Colombian mother received a tissue-engineered trachea in 2008, and five years later, she continues to enjoy a good quality of life without immunological complications or rejection. Regular testing reveals retained lung function and no scarring, although some symptoms remain monitored through bronchoscopies.
New research led by Dr. Jacob Udell found that the flu vaccine reduces the risk of heart attack or stroke by over 50% among those who have had a heart attack. The study also suggests that the vaccine's heart-protective effects may be even greater among those who receive a more potent vaccine.
Researchers found that institutional mutual fund investors prioritize companies with independent boards over others, despite lack of evidence supporting better performance. This trend may lead to missed opportunities for better returns.
Researchers used numerical simulations to validate previous theoretical predictions for antiferromagnetic materials, confirming a universal law relating the Néel temperature and staggered magnetisation density. However, discrepancies were found, highlighting the need for further investigation.
A new model of institutionalizing interdisciplinary research has been developed by a team of social and life scientists at the University of Pennsylvania. The collaboration aims to bring together researchers from diverse disciplines to understand how neural processes inform large-scale effects on populations.
Scientists from CSIRO discovered that eucalyptus trees can act as a hydraulic pump, drawing up water containing gold particles from the earth and depositing them into their leaves and branches. This innovative technique could provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to search for minerals such as zinc and copper.
Scientists analyzed sediments from Peru to track changes in the deep biosphere's microbial ecosystem under the seafloor. The study reveals that this system is surprisingly dynamic and responds quickly to climate change, with the methane oxidation front migrating rapidly up or down due to changes in oceanographic conditions.
A study found that single homeless women and men visit emergency departments an average of over twice a year, significantly more than the general population. Homeless individuals also have higher doctor's appointments and hospitalization rates, highlighting the need for improved healthcare management and affordable housing.
A study by researchers at the University of Maryland and American University has proposed a framework for hospitals to model their social networks to predict and minimize the spread of bacterial infections. The study found that sparse, social network structures are associated with lower infection transmission rates.
Research reveals that a genetic variation in the ADRA2B gene affects how well antidepressants like reboxetine weaken negative memory recall in healthy men. The study found that individuals with the variant gene form recalled more negative memories, regardless of treatment.
The special issue emphasizes a developmental viewpoint on the crucial problem of childhood obesity, highlighting newly identified factors affecting the risk of obesity in children and teens. Interventions such as spending time with peers, tailored motivational interviewing, and promoting healthy behaviors are also explored.
A study by Umea University researchers found that increased temperatures caused by climate change led to a significant increase in mortality, especially during extreme heat waves. The study estimated around 1,500 extra deaths due to climate change in Sweden over the past 30 years.
Military veterans who struggle with managing their finances are at a higher risk of becoming homeless. A new study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that money mismanagement is a significant predictor of future homelessness among veterans, regardless of income or mental health status.
A study found that intranasal application of hormone oxytocin enhanced placebo analgesia response. The researchers observed greater pain reduction on the placebo site after applying oxytocin compared to saline.
A study published in the Journal of AAPOS found no therapeutic effect of stem cell therapy on children with optic nerve hypoplasia. The research highlights the need for scientifically testing these procedures to validate their effectiveness and ensure safety.
Researchers at Clemson University found that increasing mTOR pathway activity in neural stem cells leads to neuron generation and may offer a new treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders. The study, published in Cell Reports, points to the potential benefits of targeting 4E-BP2, a specific mTOR target.
A high school student's discovery of a baby Parasaurolophus skeleton has revealed new insights into the growth and development of this unique herbivorous dinosaur. The nearly complete fossil measures six feet long and is estimated to be only a year old when it died, growing to an adult measuring nearly 25 feet in length.
Researchers will engage students in studying an extinct supervolcano in northwest Arizona, exploring questions about supervolcano behavior and comparisons with typical-scale magmatism. The project aims to foster hands-on learning and contribute to the understanding of supereruptions.
Andreas Ludwig, a leading theoretical solid-state physicist, is awarded the prize by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. He will conduct future-oriented research at the University of Cologne's Institute for Theoretical Physics, enhancing Germany's physics profile.
A systematic review of outside interventions found two-thirds of studies showed reductions in ED visits, with patient education being the most effective. However, some interventions increased overall healthcare consumption without reducing ED use, highlighting the need for careful evaluation of new programs.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine suggests that South Africa's current antiretroviral treatment policy could lead to HIV elimination within the next 24-34 years. The research also found that a universal test and treat approach could achieve elimination 10 years earlier, according to more comprehensive mathematical models.
University of Toronto researchers have developed a method to rapidly screen human stem cells, allowing for better control over their fate. The technology uses robotics and automation to test compounds or drugs at once, with controllable environments to study cell characteristics as they differentiate.
WSU researchers found that gestating rats exposed to DDT experienced increased obesity in third-generation offspring, suggesting transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. This effect is believed to be related to how genes are turned on and off in the exposed animals.
Plant genes called expansins were transferred from plants to bacteria, fungi, and amoeba, allowing them to weaken plant cell walls and colonize roots. This unique case suggests that rare gene transfers have contributed significantly to the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic species.
A study found that brief risk-reduction counseling at the time of HIV testing did not reduce new sexually transmitted infections (STIs) over a 6-month period. The counseling, which focused on specific risk behaviors and achievable steps, had no significant impact on STI rates among participants.
A study by the University of Leeds found that Arabidopsis thaliana lacks a crucial protein called SMG1, which is essential for animal multicellular growth. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about plant genetics and highlights the importance of studying multiple models to avoid extrapolating from a single example.
Researchers identified a host blood RNA transcriptional signature that can form the basis of a simple diagnostic test to differentiate TB from latent TB and other diseases. The test showed high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between these conditions, with promising results for potential use in African health facilities.
Researchers at the UPV/EHU and Tecnalia have developed an innovative method using iron nanoparticles to degrade lindane, a toxic insecticide banned by farmers. The study confirms the high reactive capacity of iron nanoparticles to break down lindane, revealing reaction tendencies and speeds over time.
The Consumer's Guide to Minerals explores minerals' diverse uses in scientific research, manufacturing, medicine, and commercial applications. The digital publication provides a comprehensive reference for professionals and students in the fields of applied science, geology, and economics.
Researchers found no difference in STI incidence between those receiving risk-reduction counseling and those with information only. The study suggests that post-test counseling for those testing positive remains essential for addressing psychological needs and ensuring medical care, while a more focused approach to providing informatio...
Researchers used an X-ray laser to create movies of copper atoms' arrangement changes after extreme shock, pinpointing the breaking point of permanent deformation. This experiment enables direct comparison with complex computer simulations and helps predict material strength in extreme conditions.
A new classification system is being proposed to identify regional identity and sustainability benefits of green roofs. The system, developed by University of Cincinnati researcher Virginia Russell, aims to stimulate research and development of uniquely North American green roofs.
A pilot study has shown that internet-based Behavioural Action treatment can effectively treat postnatal depression, with participants reporting better results for depression, work, and social impairment. The online program provided support at times convenient to the women, allowing them to complete a course of therapy.
Heavy rainfall from Hurricane Raymond is causing widespread flooding along Mexico's Pacific Ocean coast, with precipitation rates reaching up to 153 mm/hour. The National Hurricane Center warns of hurricane-force winds, storm surges, and coastal flooding due to the storm's stationary motion.
Researchers analyzed conversations between chronic pain patients and their physicians about opioid treatment, revealing three patterns of physician responses: reassurance, avoidance, and gathering information. The study emphasizes the crucial role of a strong therapeutic alliance in discussing risks and benefits of opioid treatment.
New research shows glial cells and neurons work together to protect the brain from oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and other dangers. The study reveals a precise calibration system between neurons and astrocytes that ensures protective measures are only taken when needed.
A phase I clinical trial of the investigational PARP inhibitor BMN 673 has demonstrated high objective and clinical benefit response rates in patients with BRCA-related breast and ovarian cancers. The treatment showed significant efficacy, with 44% of patients experiencing an objective response and 72% having clinical benefit.
Researchers found that fatter dormice increase metabolic rate more frequently and spend more time at normal body temperature during hibernation, minimizing negative effects. This strategy enables dormice to maximize total hibernation time while maximizing survival chances.
A large cohort study found that older adults who used the internet consistently were more likely to engage in cancer-preventive behaviors such as colorectal screening and regular physical activity. Conversely, intermittent internet users had lower rates of these behaviors compared to never-users.
A team of scientists has created an artificial protein that mimics a key site on the HIV outer coat where antibodies can bind, providing a potential new strategy in vaccine development to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies. The new protein was designed to facilitate the production of desired antibodies while preventing undesired re...
Research found that early spatial and written language skills predict later math competence in children, with strong oral language skills not contributing to math ability. Children with better spatial skills and knowledge of written letters showed stronger math performance and rapid advancement over time.
Two pioneering online biology video sites have merged to create a new platform offering world-class biologist videos for free. The new site features an expanded 'iBioEducation' section with microscopy courses, lecture series, and assessments for educators, reaching over 1.4 million views across 180 countries.
A new DNA test, Xpert MTB/RIF, has shown high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in HIV-infected individuals. The test was compared to smear microscopy and demonstrated improved performance, especially after centrifuging the sample. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
A new report by UConn Prof. Jonathan Plucker examines the 'excellence gap' in high-achieving American students, revealing that students from specific backgrounds dominate national assessment tests. The study shows the gap between white, relatively affluent students and their poorer, nonwhite classmates has widened since 1996.
Researchers studied vanadium dioxide using ALS beamline 4.0.2 to investigate the origin of its metal-insulator transition, which could lead to faster and more energy-efficient electronic devices. The study identified roles for Pi-symmetry and delta-symmetry electron orbitals in controlling the transition.