Researchers reconstructed a 900-year temperature timeline in the Eastern Mediterranean, revealing a medieval warm period and modern warming trend that may not be regional. The study uses stable carbon isotopes in tree rings to analyze environmental conditions and find correlations between temperature fluctuations and tree growth.
A bioinformatics approach identified two antidepressants as potential new treatments for small-cell lung cancer, inducing cell death and inhibiting tumor growth. Imipramine and promethazine showed promise in animal models and preclinical studies, suggesting a new avenue for treating this deadly subtype of lung cancer.
Joslin researchers found T cells, not B cells, contribute to beta cell proliferation in type 1 diabetes. Immune cells secrete inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that enhance beta cell growth.
The EASE-R3 project aims to increase the longevity of CNC machine tools by developing new and cost-effective systems for repair, renovation, and re-use. The University of Huddersfield team will lead the design and prototype production of a compact module incorporating laser technology to ensure accuracy during renovation.
Research finds that increased government spending on health care is associated with decreased cancer mortality rates in Europe. Eastern European countries tend to have higher mortality rates, while Western Europe has better outcomes due to effective screening programs and treatments.
A meta-analysis found that diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing both breast and colon cancer. The study also showed that diabetic patients are at a higher risk of dying from these cancers, with a 23% increased risk for breast cancer and a 38% increased risk for colon cancer compared to non-diabetic patients.
Researchers are utilizing post-glacial rebound to determine the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet. By studying seismic waves generated by distant earthquakes, scientists can measure the rate at which the ice sheet is losing mass and estimate its future behavior in a warming world.
Research highlights disparities in post-surgical risks among older minority patients, with black patients facing nearly three times the risk as white counterparts. Pre-existing medical conditions significantly contribute to these differences.
A new intravaginal ring has demonstrated a 100% success rate in protecting primates from HIV, offering hope for women in developing nations. The device utilizes a smaller dose of the anti-retroviral drug tenofovir, delivered through a unique polymer construction that increases drug release.
The Phase II study showed that everolimus successfully slowed or prevented disease spread in 59% of patients. Everolimus may represent a new treatment option for advanced papillary kidney cancer, which accounts for 15% of all kidney cancer cases.
A new study has found that treating chest lymph nodes in early breast cancer patients improves overall survival without increasing side effects. The research involved 4004 patients from 43 centres and found that irradiating the IM-MS lymph nodes gave a better patient outcome than radiation therapy to the breast/thoracic wall alone.
A recent study found that colorectal cancer screening programs in European countries have a significant impact on reducing mortality rates. The researchers analyzed data from 11 European countries and found that the scope and take-up of CRC screening activities were strongly related to the reductions in death rates.
Researchers found that participants poured 12% more wine into wide glasses than standard ones, and 9% more when holding the glass while pouring. This highlights the importance of educating people on how to measure a proper serving size of alcohol.
Research attributes high smoking rates among mentally ill to brain susceptibility to addiction, not self-medication. The study found that psychiatric disease makes the brain more vulnerable to nicotine addiction, which has severe health consequences.
A new MRI technique has been developed with a spatial resolution of roughly 10 nanometers, significantly improving sensitivity. The team used a novel protocol and nanoscale metal constriction to overcome obstacles in applying classic pulsed magnetic resonance techniques.
Researchers at University of California, Santa Barbara, have devised a new method for creating high-power white light using a laser diode in combination with inorganic phosphors. The resulting lighting options are high in efficiency and have been shown to achieve a luminous flux comparable to current high-brightness white LEDs.
Nuclear pores serve as transcription factories for genes, regulating their production speed. The discovery reveals a new role for these microscopic structures in the cell nucleus.
A study of 4846 patients treated with ipilimumab reveals that some can survive for up to 10 years, with a plateau in overall survival starting around three years. This finding provides valuable insight into the long-term efficacy of the treatment and its potential as a benchmark for future medicines.
Researchers found that seniors over 90 improved their walking speed, balance, and reduced falls with strength training. The 12-week program boosted muscle power and mass in the lower limbs.
A team of researchers at MIT has developed an accurate 3-D model of streamer propagation, which qualitatively and quantitatively describes the development of electric breakdown in dielectrics. The model offers great promise for applications such as medical imaging, aerospace engineering, and power transmission.
A team of researchers has documented the removal of oxygen from seawater flowing through the deep ocean's rocky crust, suggesting that microbes are scavenging for energy. This finding provides crucial insights into the survival and thrival of life in the 'deep biosphere' beneath the sea floor.
A 12-week yoga class and home practice reduced insomnia in postmenopausal women, while exercise showed similar benefits. However, yoga did not impact hot flashes or night sweats.
The Sunrise mission revealed complex patterns in the chromosphere, including dark regions and bright points thought to be magnetic flux tubes. The ultraviolet radiation from the chromosphere is highly suitable for visualizing detailed structures and processes.
Hospitalized patients with severe infections like meningitis and C. diff. experience improved outcomes and shorter hospital stays when treated by infectious diseases specialists. ID consultation reduces readmission rates, ICU days, and total Medicare costs.
Researchers have developed a numerical simulation to study wind-sand movement in straw checkerboard barriers (SCB) and their surrounding area. The results show that SCBs can decrease sand transport rates and reduce the strength of wind-sand flow eddies, leading to increased sand fixation.
A study found that motion-generated optic flow information compensates for the lack of image details and enables effective event perception. Participants correctly identified events in nearly 90% of attempts when viewing moving images, compared to less than 30% when viewing blurred static images.
A new survey of nearly 5,000 tumor samples has identified 140 regions with scrambled genetic code believed to contain many undiscovered cancer genes. The mapping gives researchers a starting point to search for oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes.
A new study found that Americans in higher socio-economic groups have a 13% greater chance of surviving subarachnoid hemorrhage than those in lower-income groups. However, this status did not influence mortality rates in Canada, where universal health insurance may play a role in improving outcomes.
Researchers at Drexel University are developing a smartphone app to track individuals' patterns of eating and binge-eating behavior, alerting them at risk. A new evidence-based approach to small-group behavioral therapy also aims to equip patients with psychological tools to adhere to standard treatments.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have identified a beneficial relationship between crops and bacteria that could lead to reduced nitrogen fertilizer use. By understanding how legume crops interact with rhizobia bacteria, scientists hope to develop new methods for improving plant nutrition and reducing waste.
Two new species of southern Indian leaf beetles, Orthaltica eugenia and Orthaltica terminalia, have been discovered using existing holes in leaves to construct shelters. The beetles also modify and use artificially made holes, partitioning them with their own fecal pellets to create optimal hideouts.
A large-scale analysis of 20,034 patients found that young age is associated with worse overall survival and progression-free survival in those with metastatic colorectal cancer. The study suggests that these patients have a poorer prognosis if their disease has metastasized.
A new study from researchers at Rice University found that a school outreach program reduced the mobility of African-American students by 29 percent. The program enhanced relationships between families and school personnel, improving trust and reducing negative outcomes such as lower test scores and substance abuse.
The NIH has awarded nine new contracts to strengthen the scope of its Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units, increasing funding from eight to nine institutions. The VTEUs will expand their ability to conduct research in domestic and international locations, including resource-poor settings.
A new study from the University of Exeter and international collaborators finds that smaller reefs with nearly full lagoons have potential for new island development. This could provide alternative land options in the region as sea levels rise.
A new study led by Oxford University researchers explains the dual natures of the 'Jekyll-and-Hyde' protein E2F, which can boost tumour cell growth and suppress it. The discovery provides a potent target for developing new cancer drugs, with compounds blocking E2F's change into 'Mr Hyde' resulting in cancer cell death
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have developed a new method, called Extensive Combinatorial Refinement (ExCoR), that combines existing formulas to create more accurate computer models of molecules. This process can help identify the best algorithms for refining structural details and improve the development of drug candidates.
A study published in Global Heart finds that echocardiography is increasing detection rates of definite and borderline rheumatic heart disease globally. Using echocardiography increases detection rates by many-fold, revealing a higher true global prevalence than current estimates.
A study by the University of Cambridge reveals that folic acid deficiency not only affects immediate offspring but also has detrimental health effects on subsequent generations. Researchers found that epigenetic changes caused by a specific gene mutation led to developmental abnormalities in great, great grandchildren.
A lack of awareness about rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in low-income countries is a major concern. Raising awareness that untreated sore throat caused by group A streptococcal infection can lead to acute rheumatic fever (ARF)/RHD is crucial for prevention and control.
Researchers isolated and identified a naturally occurring analgesic compound from the root bark of Nauclea latifolia, identical to commercially available Tramadol. The discovery confirms high concentrations of Tramadol in the plant, providing new prospects for local populations and validating traditional medicine.
Current estimates of rheumatic heart disease deaths globally are likely underestimates, with new studies underway to address data gaps and inform control strategies. The authors propose re-evaluating the burden of disease in two categories: symptomatic and asymptomatic disease.
Duke Medicine has been named a Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit (VTEU) to evaluate vaccines, treatments, and diagnostics. The VTEU will focus on vaccine development for diseases other than HIV, with potential annual funding of up to $135 million.
Researchers at Syracuse University's College of Arts and Sciences have confirmed that diversifying sperm competition is a critical step in the formation of new species. The study, published in Current Biology, reveals how postcopulatory sexual selection drives rapid evolutionary changes in ejaculate and female reproductive tract traits.
A landmark report identifies critical knowledge gaps in nutrition science, calling for research on environmental trends, lifecycle issues, and intervention gaps. The report aims to accelerate global commitment to solving malnutrition through evidence-based solutions.
A new tool called the HARM score reliably measures quality and clinical outcomes for colon and rectal surgery patients. The score is calculated from routinely captured data elements and has a strong correlation with the quality of clinical outcomes.
Researchers report two cases of early intraprosthetic dislocation with dual-mobility hip implants, suggesting a potential link to mixed-component designs. The study highlights the need for clinicians to carefully evaluate and monitor patients receiving these implants.
The Albert Einstein Cancer Center has received a $17 million NIH grant to continue its research into cancer's underlying causes and new approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. With the renewal of this grant, AECC will investigate five interdisciplinary research programs supported by 14 specialized shared resource facilities.
A team of researchers led by LA BioMed's Patricia Dickson will use state-of-the-art brain imaging to study the brains of disease models with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), a genetic disease causing cognitive deterioration, memory loss and dementia. The goal is to gain greater understanding of MPS brain disease and develop new treatments.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered that brown fat cells are generated through new cell formation rather than converting white fat cells. This finding could lead to therapeutic strategies to activate precursor cells to produce more brown fat cells for weight management and related diseases.
A study led by the University of Bristol found mortality rates in the first 90 days following hip replacement surgery have dramatically decreased from 0.6% to 0.3%, with four treatment options associated with lower death rates: spinal anaesthetic, posterior approach, heparin and mechanical thromboprophylaxis.
Research at UC Davis Center for Neuroscience found that maternal viral infection alters brain cell communication and increases risk of autism spectrum disorder. The study discovered a novel biological signaling pathway linking maternal immune activation to disease-linked behaviors.
A recent study found that people who engage in health-specific social networking sites are more likely to quit smoking and maintain abstinence. The study suggests that increased social connectedness on these sites leads to a stronger sense of community, trust, and self-efficacy, ultimately aiding smokers in quitting
Researchers at the University of Nevada, Reno and the University of Iowa discovered that agricultural anabolic steroids can persist in aquatic environments through a reversion mechanism. The study found that these substances can regenerate themselves at night, up to 70% of their initial mass, after rapid breakdown in sunlight.
A new mutation in the ITGA10 gene has been identified as a cause of dwarfism in two dog breeds, Norwegian Elkhounds and Karelian Bear Dogs. The study reveals that the mutation affects bone growth and can lead to skeletal abnormalities.
A deep-sea core from Okinawa Trough has provided a 200,000-year record of Quaternary environmental changes, with high percentages of sedge and grass in glacial intervals indicating shortened offshore distance. The study highlights the impact of global ice volume, sea-level changes, and monsoon variability on sediment sources.
Researchers used cynomolgus monkeys to compare autologous and allogeneic transplantation of iPS cell-derived neural cells. Autologous transplantation produced almost no immune reaction, while allogeneic transplantation provoked an immune response.
The Pan-Cancer Initiative has identified common genetic patterns across various tumor types, enabling researchers to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment by recognizing similarities between seemingly distinct tumors.
New research on tagged humpback whales reveals three distinct bottom feeding techniques: simple side-rolls, side-roll inversions, and repetitive scooping. These behaviors are common in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and can lead to vulnerability to entanglement in fishing gear.
A study by Imperial College London finds that EU law could reduce tolerance for brown bears in Croatia, leading to increased conflict between humans and bears. The current system involving hunting ensures local support for the animals' survival, but EU legislation may disrupt this.