Researchers study Carboniferous collision in central Asia, crystal xenoliths in Bolivia, and the Tsakhir Event in southern Mongolia. The GSA Bulletin also examines iron oxide deposits in Brazil, paleotopography of Norway, and the Cheyenne belt suture zone.
Researchers identified BRCA2 gene mutation as first genetic factor for prostate cancer prognosis, associated with advanced disease and higher mortality rates. The study suggests a need for new treatment strategies for patients carrying these mutations.
Unused medical supplies can become contaminated with multidrug-resistant organisms, leading to increased healthcare costs. Hydrogen peroxide vapor disinfection has been shown to effectively sanitize the outside of packages, reducing contamination rates and associated costs.
Researchers from the University of Akron discovered that wet, water-repellent surfaces secure geckos' grip similarly to dry surfaces. The study may inform future bio-inspired gecko-like adhesives for underwater applications.
A new study found that Google searches for information on all major mental illnesses followed seasonal patterns, with winter queries consistently higher than summer ones. This suggests that mental illness may be more strongly linked to seasonal patterns than previously thought.
NREL employees Debbie Lew, Greg Brinkman, Maureen Hand, Trieu Mai, and Brian Parsons were awarded for their contributions to wind and solar integration studies. The Utility Variable-Generation Integration Group recognized their work on grid operations with high renewable power shares.
A new chemotherapy regimen combining Tarceva and Alisertib appears safe in patients with non-small cell lung cancer that has not responded to previous treatments. The study found minimal side effects and stabilization of tumors in some patients, paving the way for further research.
Researchers at UC Davis found that turbulence in waves signals purple sea urchin larvae to start searching for suitable habitat. The two-step process involves an initial response to turbulence, followed by a chemical signal triggering settlement and transformation into juvenile sea urchins.
A new study reveals how social class influences men's attitudes towards DIY home improvement. Upper-class men use DIY to experience physical labor and feel fulfilled, while lower-class men treat it as a chore to assert their masculinity and provide for their families.
The American Chemical Society presents a report outlining changes needed in graduate education in chemistry, aiming to prepare scientists for addressing global challenges like climate change and sustainable development.
A genetic biomarker, MYCN amplification, has been identified as a potential target for a new class of anti-cancer drugs in neuroblastoma patients. The study found that tumors with excess copies of the gene were highly sensitive to BET bromodomain inhibitors, leading to impaired cell growth and induction of cell death.
A novel protein governing metastasis and chemoresistance in pediatric osteosarcoma has been discovered using K9 osteosarcoma samples. The IGF2BP1 protein's overexpression is linked to aggressive disease progression, offering a potential target for treatment.
A Mayo Clinic study found gene variations that can predict chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, a debilitating condition affecting 20-30% of cancer patients. The study implicates genes EPHA5, ARHGEF10, and PRX, enabling clinicians to individualize treatment and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers developed a technique to measure the structure of gold nanocrystals under extremely high pressures, resolving distortion issues with X-ray beams. This breakthrough could lead to improvements in nanomaterials and a better understanding of planetary interiors.
University of Cincinnati student researcher Bo Yang develops method to combine thermal data from separate satellite systems, creating detailed maps of regional temperature fluctuations. This technique simplifies the process of analyzing parallel data, allowing geographers to derive daily surface temperature and emissivity information.
BIND-014, a targeted docetaxel Accurin candidate, demonstrated encouraging anti-tumor activity and was well-tolerated in 28 heavily-pretreated patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. The Phase 1 results established the maximum tolerated dose of 60 mg/m2 and showed signs of stable disease lasting at least four cycles.
A new class of tumor-fighting drugs using RNA interference has shown promising safety and efficacy in a clinical trial. The study found that the drug acts by silencing the PLK1 gene involved in tumor growth and can be safely administered in humans, with most patients tolerating it well and some showing therapeutic benefit.
A Johns Hopkins study found that official guidelines leave room for interpretation, leading to variable treatment choices and outcomes. Clinicians expressed ambivalence about hospitalizing patients, particularly those with recent abortions or social circumstances making inpatient care challenging.
The Gulf of Mexico's 'Dead Zone' grows larger due to increased fertilizer runoff from Midwestern fields, depleting oxygen levels and harming fish and shellfish populations. Advanced solutions like soil-staying fertilizers and genetically modified crops could mitigate the problem.
African-Americans with a variant of the ABCA7 gene have nearly double the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease compared to those without the variant. The study, led by Columbia University Medical Center, suggests that lipid metabolism may play a more important role in Alzheimer's disease among African-Americans.
Teenagers who increased daily exercise to at least 20 minutes were able to cut back on their smoking habit. The study found that this short walk helped teens resist lighting up a cigarette and increase their chances of quitting altogether.
Researchers have developed a new preclinical technology that enables quick determination of a treatment's effectiveness against gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) as early as 24 hours after administering the compound. This tool can help identify new drugs or drug combinations and quickly identify the most effective treatments for ...
A £670,000 project led by Professor Ian Glover aims to transform fault detection techniques, predicting and diagnosing imminent system failures. The technology enables quicker diagnosis, reducing maintenance needs and associated costs.
Researchers have created a new genetically engineered rat model that closely represents the brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease, including tau pathology and extensive neuronal cell death. The rats developed memory and learning problems with age, supporting the idea that increases in beta-amyloid causes the disease.
A recent study found that people with HIV who start treatment before their CD4 count drops below 200 cells per microliter have life expectancies around 80% of the general population. Long-term treatment can manage HIV as a chronic illness, suggesting revised estimates for life insurance companies and epidemiological models.
Researchers at WSU will develop climate-resilient wheat varieties to tackle rising temperatures and limited water in growing regions. The project aims to identify genes associated with heat tolerance, benefiting all wheat-growing regions worldwide.
Research shows that diseases traditionally associated with wealth are now prevalent in middle-income countries, while obesity and high blood pressure are rising in poorer nations. The study suggests improved diagnosis and lifestyle changes in wealthy countries may be driving the shift.
Researchers found that high levels of cytokine TGFβ cause neural stem cells to become dormant, leading to reduced neurogenesis in aging and irradiation. Targeted therapies targeting TGFβ may improve cognitive function in elderly individuals.
Researchers found that omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolites slow or stop the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells, reducing growth by up to 90 percent. The effect was stronger in triple-negative cell lines, with reduced motility and apoptosis rates.
A study published in Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology found that a dedicated daily cleaning crew can effectively reduce C. difficile contamination in hospital rooms. The intervention included a standardized disinfection process, which significantly improved disinfection rates compared to traditional cleaning practices.
Researchers have successfully imaged the changes in morphology of gold nanocrystals under pressures of up to 6.5 gigapascals, solving a long-standing problem in measuring nanomaterial structures. The study shows that the nanocrystals undergo plastic flow, becoming more fluid-like at high pressure, and reveals new insights into the beha...
A study published in the Journal of Consumer Research found that sellers tend to focus on a product's desirability, while buyers consider both its desirability and usability. This difference in focus leads to price discrepancies between what sellers ask for tickets and what buyers are willing to pay.
The US Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has launched an initiative to build an open-source database of real-world performance from solar facilities. The Open Solar Performance and Reliability Clearinghouse (O-SPaRC) aims to provide critical data on the long-term performance of residential and commercia...
A meta-analysis of 161 studies on prey diversity found that mixed diets enhance animal fitness, but not as well as specialized diets. Generalized diets may offer flexibility and less risk of predation, rather than nutritional benefits.
Researchers studied the teeth of the Neolithic mummy Ötzi, finding severe oral diseases such as advanced periodontitis and tooth decay. The Iceman's diet, which included starchy foods like bread and cereal porridge, contributed to his dental problems.
A new set of guidelines for abstracts in systematic reviews and meta-analyses aims to provide a robust summary of research. The PRISMA for Abstracts checklist helps authors present an explicit summary of results, facilitating quick assessment and efficient perusal.
A new genus of bat, Niumbaha superba, has been identified in South Sudan with a unique pattern of spots and stripes. The discovery highlights the country's rich biodiversity and underscores the need for conservation efforts.
A new study finds that sea level rise will lead to significant habitat loss and threaten the survival of endemic species in Southeast Asian and Pacific islands. The researchers predict that even a one-meter sea level rise could result in the loss of up to 14.7% of all islands in the region.
A study at Ohio State University found that 'grit' is a key factor in predicting college success for black men. Grit refers to the dedication to pursuing and achieving a goal despite obstacles and failures. This factor affects college grades almost as much as high school GPA and ACT scores, highlighting its importance.
Researchers found rapid genetic changes in laboratory soil mites leading to population growth and increased fertility, rescuing populations from extinction. The study demonstrates the intertwined nature of ecology and evolution.
A study using neutrons has explained how ozone causes severe respiratory problems by attacking the fatty lining of lungs. The attack leads to increased surface tension, impairing oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have discovered how ancient Maya populations in remote areas built reservoirs to conserve water and used natural methods to purify their water supply. The findings, presented by doctoral student Jeffrey Brewer, show that these techniques were crucial for survival during extreme dry spells and...
The Myc oncogene can disrupt the 24-hour internal rhythm in cancer cells, suggesting potential for improved cancer treatments. By promoting the expression of Rev-erbα and NAMPT, Myc upregulates genes that suppress circadian oscillations, leading to altered metabolism and potentially increased replication rates in cancer cells.
Researchers have found that Yak-a-mein soup, a traditional Korean dish, contains ingredients like cysteine and salts that can help alleviate hangover symptoms. The soup's nutrients can also aid in replenishing lost sodium, potassium, and other essential minerals.
Researchers have developed a biotechnology-based approach to enhance oil recovery using natural soil bacteria. The AERO System stimulates the growth of native reservoir bacteria, breaking down oil and forcing it to flow more freely, increasing production by 9-12% from exhausted wells.
A Phase III clinical trial found that adding cetuximab to chemotherapy enables previously inoperable patients to undergo surgery, tripling the rates of successful surgery for liver metastasis. The combination also extends median overall survival by 10 months compared to chemotherapy alone.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) releases new recommendations for prostate cancer screening, focusing on shared decision-making and clear patient preference. Men between 50-69 years old should discuss the benefits and harms of PSA testing with their doctor before undergoing screening. The ACP also recommends against screening f...
A scientist has revealed how an ancient Egyptian marriage certificate played a pivotal role in confirming the veracity of inks used in the Gospel of Judas. The discovery sheds new light on the intensive scientific efforts to validate the controversial text, which suggests that Jesus requested that his friend, Judas Iscariot, betray him...
Researchers at UC Davis have identified several compounds that can increase oil production in green algae by up to 85% without affecting growth. The team used a high-throughput screening approach similar to pharmaceutical drug discovery to find these compounds.
A study found that pre-pregnancy body fat, in-pregnancy weight gain, and gestational diabetes can combine to steeply increase the risk of large-for-gestational age (LGA) babies. The risk varies among white, black, Hispanic, and Asian women.
Researchers have identified evidence of a dinosaur's ability to swim with coordinated leg movements, as indicated by 15-meter claw marks found on a Chinese riverbed. The marks suggest the presence of a two-legged dinosaur that was swimming along the river and only its tippy toes were touching bottom.
Researchers at Texas Biomed discovered that ten FDA-approved drugs showed activity against multiple bacteria and 24 against multiple viruses. Chloroquine, used to treat malaria, was found to be particularly effective against both anthrax and Ebola viruses.
Researchers have made breakthrough in converting CO2 into new fuels using sunlight and abundant resources. The process could lead to 'carbon-neutral' energy production by reusing CO2, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
As the global population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2040, providing enough food and water while meeting rising demands for energy will be a daunting task. Innovations in plant biotechnology, synthetic biology, and information technology are needed to address these challenges.
Scientists have developed transient electronics that can be implanted in the body to relieve pain or battle infection for a specific period, then dissolve harmlessly. The devices perform normally until the encapsulating layer disappears, offering potential applications in consumer electronics with pre-engineered service life.
Studies found women with PCOS identified through general population screening had similar obesity rates as those without the condition. However, women actively seeking treatment had significantly higher obesity rates. This challenges the long-held assumption that obesity is a hallmark of PCOS.
Researchers have identified a gene in fruit flies that, when mutated, blocks self-destruction of damaged axons, which could hold clues for treating motor neuron diseases like ALS. The preservation of this signaling mechanism from flies to humans suggests its importance and potential as a treatment strategy.
A new study from Massachusetts General Hospital found that feeding intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) to mice on a high-fat diet prevents the development of metabolic syndrome and reduces symptoms in those already affected. IAP blocks inflammatory factors, reducing systemic inflammation.
The global solar photovoltaic (PV) industry is making positive strides in reducing its energy debt, with electricity generated by all installed PV panels likely surpassing energy used to manufacture new modules. Continued technological advances and efficient conversion of sunlight into electricity are key factors driving this progress.
A study found that airborne particles from volcanic activity and air pollution slow coral growth in the Caribbean. Coral skeletons preserve records of growth, which corresponded closely to sea surface temperatures and light levels.