In endangered Mexican howler monkeys, habitat disturbance leads to increased 'travel time' foraging and high levels of stress hormones. Researchers found that fruit is a crucial component of their natural diet, and lack of fruit availability forces them to spend more time seeking out nutritious foliage.
A new study published in Springer's Human Ecology journal explores the complex web of factors increasing perceived risk of tiger attack in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh. The researchers found that poverty-related issues, such as low incomes and poor infrastructure, significantly influence villagers' perceptions of risk from tigers.
A new study found a substantial reduction in childhood asthma hospital admissions after the introduction of smoke-free legislation in England, with a 12.3% decrease in the first year. The law led to an equivalent of 6,802 fewer hospital admissions over the first three years.
A recent study published in Circulation found that longer CPR durations can extend survival in children and adults after hospital cardiac arrests. The research team analyzed data from thousands of patients and discovered that more children than expected survived prolonged CPR, with over 60% having good neurologic outcomes.
Researchers found individuals with schizophrenia have shorter life expectancy due to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Women with schizophrenia were particularly vulnerable, facing a threefold higher risk of cardiovascular disease and a 1.7 times greater chance of cancer-related death.
Researchers found that cancer cells lacking BRCA1 compensate by reducing 53BP1 levels, which allows them to resume homologous recombination and grow. The study suggests a new pathway for how breast cancer cells lose 53BP1, enabling resistance to chemotherapy and potentially identifying patients who respond to cathepsin inhibitors.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that nearly half of children under 2 years old did not receive all recommended vaccinations. Children who missed scheduled vaccines were more likely to be admitted to hospitals and have fewer doctor visits than those vaccinated on time.
Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology developed coated cotton that absorbs exceptional amounts of water from foggy air, releasing it as temperature rises. The material, inspired by nature, can provide water for agricultural purposes and potentially be used in desert regions.
A new study from UBC's Sauder School of Business finds that treating employees relatively better than others can increase self-esteem, conformity to workplace norms, and group-oriented behavior. This approach is more effective in maintaining high levels of productivity among top performers than a strictly egalitarian culture.
A four-year study found that young grizzly bears learn their habitat selection strategies from their mothers, which may be a more adaptive strategy than instinct. The research tracked 32 adult and young bears in western Canada and showed genetically related female bears shared similar habitat choices.
A recent evidence review suggests that primary care interventions may reduce child abuse and neglect, with clinic-based interventions showing reduced physical assault and improved medical adherence. Additionally, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening all women of childbearing age for intimate partner violence.
A meta-analysis found that current smokers with HIV were at double the risk of bacterial pneumonia than non-smokers, but stopping smoking decreased this risk by about a third. Stopping smoking reduced the risk of bacterial pneumonia by approximately 30-70% compared to non-smoking counterparts.
A study of 7,500 British adults found strong links between jobs involving cleaning and cleaning agents and the development of adult asthma. Exposure to low-risk agents increased asthma risk by 20%, while high-risk exposure tripled it.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that human melanocytes rely on the TRPA1 ion channel to detect UVA light and trigger the production of melanin. This discovery strengthens the evidence of a parallel between the skin's response to UVA light and the eye's detection of light.
A study of over a thousand women reveals that both adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism contribute to body dissatisfaction, increasing the risk of developing an eating disorder. Women who desired lower BMIs showed greater concern about making mistakes and self-doubt, highlighting the need for addressing 'all or nothing' attitudes.
Researchers have discovered radio emissions from ultracool dwarfs that are powered by processes similar to Jupiter's auroras, indicating the presence of auroras outside our solar system.
Researchers have identified a molecular surveillance system that helps detect and correct errors in cell division, preventing serious problems such as aneuploidy and cancer. The study reveals the importance of forces generated by molecular engines in regulating kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
The study found that ADHD diagnosis rates increased significantly over time, with notable increases among white children and black girls. Children from high-income households were also at a higher risk of diagnosis.
A study of 1,984 older adults found that hearing loss was associated with a 41% faster rate of decline in global function and a 32% faster rate of decline in executive function compared to those with normal hearing. Individuals with hearing loss also had a 24% increased risk for incident cognitive impairment.
The measles virus uses a hairpin-like structure to bind to the MDA5 receptor, preventing it from forming filaments and signaling viral RNA. This interaction allows the virus to evade the immune system's defense mechanisms.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that older adults with hearing loss declined in cognitive abilities 30-40% faster than those with normal hearing. The study, involving 1,984 participants, suggests that hearing loss may be linked to social isolation and brain energy diversion.
A team of researchers at Johns Hopkins has identified a system that makes certain immune cells impervious to HIV infection. The discovery suggests a new approach to eradicating the virus from the body by targeting non-dividing cells.
A study published in Journal of Pediatric Surgery found that bariatric surgery in extremely obese adolescents can reverse previously undiagnosed cardiovascular abnormalities. The research revealed significant improvement in cardiac structure and function after weight loss surgery.
Scientists at CSIRO and RMIT University created a new conductive nano-material, enabling ultra-high electron flow at speeds exceeding industry standards. The breakthrough material was made from layers of molybdenum oxides, adapted from graphene's unique properties.
A new study published in Environmental Research Letters analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of dissolving particles in ocean surfaces to increase marine uptake of carbon dioxide. The researchers find that this approach would only compensate for around 9% of present-day anthropogenic CO2 emissions, highlighting its inefficiency.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that ADHD diagnoses rose dramatically between 2001 and 2010, with non-Hispanic white children having the highest rates. Black girls showed a 90% increase in diagnosis rates during this period. The study also revealed disparities in ADHD diagnosis rates among ethnic groups.
A multicenter study reveals critically ill children with influenza exhibit lower TNFα production capacity compared to healthy control subjects. This degree of reduction in capacity was highly predictive of death from the illness.
Researchers at Umeå University have developed a new imaging method using optical projection tomography (OPT) in the near-infrared spectrum to study insulin-producing cells in diabetes. This technology allows for the examination of larger organs, including the rat pancreas, and can track specific cell types simultaneously.
The Journal of Eating Disorders is an open-access journal publishing research on the science and clinical practice of eating disorders. Recent studies explore internalized weight bias, perfectionism in body dissatisfaction, and cross-cultural aspects of eating disorders.
A new study from Imperial College London found that cleaning jobs are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing asthma. Researchers tracked over 9,000 people born in Britain and found that nine percent developed asthma by age 42, with workplace risks responsible for one in six cases.
Researchers analyzed data from 1996 to 2008 and found obese drivers were 21-80% more likely to die in collisions than normal-weight peers, with women facing even greater risks. The study suggests car design may need to change to better protect obese occupants.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that gene therapy improves vision in patients with Leber congenital amaurosis, but also advances retinal cell degeneration. The research provides a more nuanced understanding of the disease and its treatment.
A new study of 73,000 Danes found that 'ugly' cholesterol, a type of remnant-like particle cholesterol, is the direct cause of arteriosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease. High levels of ugly cholesterol triple the risk of heart disease, emphasizing the need for preventive treatment and lifestyle changes.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered a new nanoparticle that kills B-cell lymphoma cells by depriving them of natural HDL cholesterol. The nanoparticle, which mimics the size and shape of HDL particles, blocks cholesterol from entering cancer cells, leading to cell death.
A study of over 2,300 participants found that regular aspirin use was associated with a higher risk of developing neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Aspirin use increased the risk by 1.9% at 15 years compared to non-users.
A study of ancient DNA from a 40,000-year-old human from Tianyuan Cave near Beijing found that the individual shared a common origin with present-day Asians and Native Americans. The genetic profile also revealed that this early modern human diverged genetically from present-day Europeans and did not carry a larger proportion of Neande...