Researchers from RIKEN have successfully created cancer-specific, immune system cells called killer T lymphocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells. These cells can potentially serve as a cancer therapy in the future, overcoming limitations of lab-produced killer T cells with short lifespan.
A study of 117 women found that cognitive declines during menopause transition are independent processes, not linked to hormone levels or symptoms like sleep disturbance and depression. Memory problems worsen in the first year after final menstrual period, affecting verbal learning, memory, and fine motor skills.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects heart muscle thickness and can lead to arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Stanford researchers used stem cells to study the molecular basis of the condition, finding that calcium processing is a key factor in its development.
A new study finds sharp differences in school-prayer support between generations and religious denominations. School-prayer support remains lower among Catholics and mainline Protestants compared to evangelical Protestants.
Research shows that a third of male cancer patients are missing out on appropriate fertility advice, with many unaware of the potential disposal of their sperm. New education strategies are needed to encourage men to attend follow-up appointments and receive timely information about fertility monitoring.
Justin Huntington, a Desert Research Institute assistant research professor, has been selected to join the National Science Team supporting the new Landsat Data Continuity Mission Satellite. The team will focus on developing and enhancing Landsat derived evapotranspiration and surface energy products.
Research at George Washington University reveals that genetic lesions associated with autism disrupt cellular mechanisms for interneuron development. LaMantia found that the Cxcr4 cytokine receptor plays a crucial role in regulating interneuron migration.
A new virtual patient program, Denise, is being tested to help future physicians feel more comfortable and capable assessing suicide risk. The program aims to improve mental health education and reduce stigma around discussing suicidal thoughts.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University discovered that gene mda-9/syntenin regulates angiogenesis, a process responsible for forming new blood vessels in tumors. IGFBP-2, found to be elevated in most cancers, may serve as a novel biomarker for disease progression.
Researchers at University of Illinois mapped 4,648 urban agriculture sites in Chicago using Google Earth, finding that residential gardens and vacant lot gardens contribute substantially to food production. Backyard gardens, underappreciated and unsupported, also play a crucial role in food security, particularly in areas with limited ...
Researchers found a specific type of sensory nerve cell that responds to itch-inducing stimuli but not pain, suggesting a possible solution for chronic itch. This discovery may help develop treatments for life-saving medications and improve our understanding of the relationship between pain and itch.
Scientists have developed a new computer-based approach to predicting possible side effects of medications. The method is based on knowledge about chemical and biological information about ingredients in these medications and has been shown to be useful in identifying potential side effects for both known and uncharacterized molecules....
Researchers have identified an early predictor for glaucoma, a condition that affects nearly three million people in the US and 60 million worldwide. The study found that certain changes in blood vessels in the retina can be an early warning sign of increased risk for glaucoma.
Researchers found that bacterial imbalance contributes to intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis, with treatment reducing disease risk. Dysbiosis was shown to enhance intestinal inflammation and increase the risk for inflammation-associated colon cancer.
A study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that a small percentage of men treated for prostate cancer reported a perceived shortening of their penis, leading to regrets about treatment choice. The complaint was more common in men treated with radical prostatectomy or male hormone-blocking drugs combined with radiation therapy.
A recent study by UCSF researchers found that patients who receive high-quality communication from their doctors are more likely to fill their prescriptions. The study of 9,377 patients showed that effective communication leads to better medication adherence rates, with a 4-6% lower rate for those who felt heard and trusted.
Researchers have developed a new substance inspired by mussels' adhesive, which can rebuild both enamel and dentin on teeth. Laboratory tests show that the gooey material promotes simultaneous remineralization of enamel and dentin, offering a potential solution for millions suffering from tooth sensitivity.
Astronomers using ALMA have observed the first direct evidence of vast gas streams flowing across a gap in a young star's disc, thought to be created by giant planets guzzling gas as they grow. The discovery provides insight into planet formation theories.
The new device boasts twice as fast 'carry mobility' as previous experimental p-type transistors and almost four times as fast as commercial ones. It features a trigate design, which could solve problems at extremely small sizes, and is made from germanium.
Researchers found that dysbiosis enhances intestinal inflammation and increases risk of colon cancer, but treatment with antibiotics or fecal transplantation reduces disease risk. Gut bacterial communities play a crucial role in protecting against intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis.
Scientists re-examined a specimen stored in the Natural History Museum in London, which showed evidence of wild collection in northwestern Australia in 1901. The discovery challenges previous thinking about the species' recent distribution and offers insight into its possible ongoing presence in Australia.
A team of astronomers has mapped enormous outflows of charged particles from the centre of the Milky Way Galaxy, stretching over 50,000 light-years. The phenomenon is driven by many generations of stars forming and exploding in the Galactic Centre over the last hundred million years.
Scientists at National University of Singapore successfully developed a secure bidding system using entangled photons. The 'noisy storage' model allows for secure information sharing between two parties without trusting each other.
Researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that bisexual men who live predominantly heterosexual lives and do not disclose their same-sex behavior are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety. Greater concealment of homosexual behavior was associated with lower positive emotions.
Researchers discovered that babies differentiate between native and foreign languages just hours after birth, indicating they absorb language while still in the womb. The study shows fetuses learn prenatally about specific speech sounds of a mother's language.
Researchers analyzed 16 soil samples from around the globe and sequenced their DNA to understand the functional roles of microorganisms. The study reveals that different species perform unique jobs based on their environment, shedding light on the importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem services.
Researchers have found that commonly used algorithms for identifying patients with recurrent cancer are flawed and often mislead researchers. These algorithms rely on billing codes or secondary tumors to identify patients, but this approach can be inaccurate, as it may not distinguish between new cancers and recurrences.
A Loyola University Medical Center study found that physician review websites are based on scores from an average of only 2.4 patients, highlighting the need for more reviews to make them reliable.
Astronomers have detected giant outflows of charged particles from the center of our galaxy, stretching across half the sky and emitting an enormous amount of energy. The outflows were found to be driven by star formation and are carrying strong magnetic fields that may play a key role in generating the galaxy's overall magnetic field.
A new research report published in the FASEB Journal shows that TFP5, a small molecule, rescues plaques and tangles by blocking an overactive brain signal, restoring memory in mice with Alzheimer's. Clinical trial studies may yield extended quality of life for patients.
Researchers used electric stimulation to release an opiate-like substance that reduces pain in the brain. The study found a significant improvement in patients' threshold for cold pain, but not their clinical pain levels. Repeated sessions are required for lasting effects.
Scientists have created a self-sterilizing composite material derived from Douglas fir needles that can coat medical implants and surgical devices to prevent microbial growth. The material uses silver nanoparticles generated from the plant extract, which acts as a natural chemical reducing agent.
Deimination, a protein modification altered in patients with MS and PMD, is reduced in both human patients and mouse models experiencing vision loss. Restoration of deimination improves visual function in mice, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for demyelinating diseases.
Post-tropical Storm Freda has weakened significantly over three days, from a powerful cyclone to a remnant low pressure area. NASA satellites captured the storm's decline, showing strong thunderstorms and heavy rainfall in New Caledonia.
A team of researchers has calculated the strength and distribution of magnetic fields in the early universe, finding that they existed even before the first stars formed. The calculations show that these weak magnetic fields were present throughout the entire plasma volume, with strengths as low as 10^-20 Tesla.
Researchers found that bonobos will share food with a stranger before an acquaintance in a series of experiments. In most cases, the test subject chose to release the stranger first, even when there was no social interaction afterwards. This behavior contrasts with chimpanzees and highlights the unique social dynamics of bonobos.
Biologists from Naturalis Biodiversity Center and Institute of Biology Leiden describe two new cichlid fish species from Lake Victoria, one of which is named in honor of Tijs Goldschmidt. The study reveals that the newly described species exhibit distinct morphological differences, suggesting they are separate species.
Historian Robert Haug's research shows that social, cultural and political changes in border areas like medieval Afghanistan and Iran were manifested through changes in vocabulary, coins minted and used, and fortified enclosures. These adaptations allowed local elites to maintain power under the Caliphate.
A Johns Hopkins study reveals that keeping psychiatric medical records separate from primary care doctors' access can lead to increased hospital readmission rates. The researchers found that patients whose records were shared with non-psychiatrists had a 40% lower risk of readmission within the first month after discharge.
Research finds bonobos voluntarily share food and forego meals for social interaction with strangers, highlighting evolutionary roots of human generosity. The study reveals that bonobos' behavior is driven by unselfish motivations and has limits when no social interaction is possible.
In Ethiopia, a study found that only 66% of patients with HIV disclosed their status to their spouse, while 17% disclosed to siblings and 16.8% to other relatives. The lack of disclosure hinders treatment and prevention efforts.
A study published in Cerebral Cortex found that brain changes associated with common gene variants linked to disorders like Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia can be seen in newborns. These findings suggest that prenatal brain development may play a significant role in shaping psychiatric risk later in life.
Researchers found a strong rise in sea level for CO2 increase from 180 to 400 parts per million, peaking at present-day values. For future climate stabilization at 400-450 parts per million, sea level is set to steadily rise for many centuries.
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that mice lacking a widely accepted enzyme for long-term memory formation were still able to form memories as well as normal mice. The study refutes the prevailing theory of how synapses strengthen, suggesting PKM-zeta is not the key molecule for long-term memory.
Researchers have discovered that ancient Petra was extensively farmed on terraces, with wheat, grapes, and olives being cultivated. The complex systems of dam construction and water management were crucial to the region's agricultural success.
A new study published in Nature highlights the importance of political action in limiting global warming to 2°C. The researchers found that political uncertainties, such as when countries will take serious action to reduce emissions, are the biggest swing factor in meeting this target. With a 20-year delay, the likelihood of success dr...
In a large randomized trial, aerobic training was shown to result in greater weight and fat loss compared to resistance training or a combination of both. Aerobic exercise also led to significant reductions in waist circumference and improvements in cardiopulmonary fitness.
A new study from Temple University psychology professor Marsha Weinraub found that most babies sleep through the night, waking up only about once per week, by six months. The research revealed two groups: sleepers and transitional sleepers, with 66% of babies not waking at all and a majority being boys.
New UGA research reveals that girls perform better than boys in elementary school despite similar test scores, largely due to their approach towards learning. This early difference in classroom behavior affects teacher assessments, grades, and future academic prospects for both genders.
Researchers found that fire-colored beetle antifreeze proteins protect against freezing temperatures through a combination of direct interaction with ice crystals and interactions via water molecules. This process, previously thought to occur only locally, also happens over longer distances due to the dynamics of water molecules.
Astronomers have discovered that planets forming around a young star are helping the star continue to grow by clearing gaps in its surrounding disk. The ALMA telescope has detected thin gas filling these gaps and streamers of dense gas bringing material from the outer disk, near and onto the planets.
A Pitt-led team has identified a molecule that effectively polices tuberculosis (TB) lung infections and prevents the progression to active disease. The presence of CXCR5 enables the immune system to target infected cells and form protective granulomas, which keep TB under control.
A University of Missouri study failed to replicate previous research on the toxic effects of BPA and genistein, two chemicals that have been linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. The findings suggest that the chemicals may not have the same adverse effects as previously reported, highlighting the need for more reliable data ...
New research reveals that 18F-FDG PET/CT provides better prognostic information than conventional imaging, changing management for over 50% of patients. The study found that PET/CT accurately identified lesions in multiple areas, leading to revised staging and treatment plans.
Stable flies are a significant pest of cattle in the US, causing reduced milk production and decreased weight gain. A new study finds that cyromazine, an insect growth regulator, can reduce emerging adult stable flies by 97% with minimal cost and application time.
Researchers developed a new tool to evaluate genome sequencing methods, tracking key statistical features in assembled genomes. The tool, FRCbam, validates its analysis by examining large ensembles of assemblers and genomes, revealing that many expert-recommended features were misleading.
A new study suggests that treating mild sleep-disordered breathing in pregnant women with preeclampsia with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy improves fetal activity levels and may improve fetal outcomes. On average, fetal movement increased by 273 during the night with CPAP therapy.
A recent study published in JAMA Network found that glucose ingestion reduces cerebral blood flow and increases feelings of fullness in the brain regions that regulate appetite. In contrast, fructose ingestion had no significant effect on these regions, suggesting that fructose may actually promote food-seeking behavior.
A study of nearly 3 million adults found that obesity and higher levels of body mass index (BMI) are associated with a significantly higher risk of death. Conversely, being overweight was found to have a lower risk of death. The researchers suggest possible explanations for these findings, including earlier presentation of heavier pati...
Researchers found no significant association between SSRI use during pregnancy and increased risk of stillbirth, neonatal death, or postneonatal death. However, women exposed to SSRIs had higher rates of stillbirth and postneonatal mortality due to underlying maternal psychiatric disease.